2022年譯林版9年級英語上冊教案課件-第4課-閱讀題型訓練猜測詞義題

1、閱讀題型訓練：猜測詞義題一、總述 : 猜測詞義題主要考查文章中出現(xiàn)的詞或詞組的意思。常見的考查方式為要求考生推測出生詞或者詞組的漢語意思、英語近義詞或者詞組的引申義。在中學階段的英語閱讀考試中,主要考查對文章中生詞的理解。因此,我們在本學期的報紙中將重點向同學們介紹推測生詞含義的方法。閱讀理解文章中對生詞的考查有的是考查影響文章理解的非常重要的超綱詞匯,還有的是考查一詞多義的單詞在文中的含義。二、方法介紹 : 總的來說 ,推測生詞含義有兩種方法,即通過詞根詞綴和通過上下文來推測。1. 通過詞根詞綴推測生詞的含義。在英語中一個基本詞根加上各種不同的詞綴構成不同詞性或不同詞義的單詞,叫衍生詞。一般

2、前綴改變詞義,后綴改變詞性。例如 : (1)前綴表示否定的前綴un-: real 真實的 unreal 不真實的表示否定的前綴 dis-: advantage 優(yōu)勢disadvantage 劣勢意為再次的前綴 re-: appear 出現(xiàn)reappear 再次出現(xiàn)(2)后綴將動詞變成名詞的后綴 -er: work v.工作worker n.工人將動詞變成形容詞的后綴-able: drink v.喝drinkable adj.能飲用的將名詞變成形容詞的后綴-ous: courage n. 勇氣courageous adj. 勇敢的2. 通過上下文推測生詞的含義。常用的通過上下文來推測生詞含義的方

3、法有四種,即同義法、反義法、邏輯法和常識法。精品學習資料 可選擇p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 1 頁，共 6 頁 - - - - - - - - -(1)同義法 :利用定義或解釋來推測生詞的意思。用動詞 be, mean或詞組 refer to 給出前面生詞的含義。例如: facility is a place used for a particular purpose or activity, usually including buildings. (facility 供特定用途的場所 ) 通過舉例的方法給出生詞的含義。例如: after a da

4、y of hunting, harold was ravenous. yesterday, for example, he ate two bowls of soup, salad, a large chicken, and a piece of chocolate cake before he was finally satisfied. (ravenous 饑餓的 ) 通過生詞后括號內(nèi)或者破折號后的內(nèi)容給出生詞的含義。例如: they ended in a draw (to finish a game without either team winning). (end in a draw

5、雙方打成平手 ) 通過生詞的同位語或定語給出生詞的含義。例如:hes a dentist, thats to say, a person whose job is to take care of peopl es teeth. (dentist 牙醫(yī)) (2)反義法 :通過后面表示轉折意思或者對比關系的詞來推測生詞的意思。在閱讀過程中 ,如有表示轉折的詞but, though, however等和表示對比關系的詞或表達 unlike, different from, on the contrary 等出現(xiàn) ,那就表明這些詞語的前后就是兩個完全相反的概念。例如: he is a punctual

6、 boy, but he was late this morning. (punctual 守時的 ) (3)邏輯法 :利用句子間的類比、因果、遞進等邏輯關系推測生詞含義的方法。表示類比的詞或表達有the same as, similarly, in the same way 等；表示因果關系的詞或表達有as a result, therefore, because, so, consequently, due to等；表示遞進關系的詞或表達有and then, even, in fact等。例如 : the english class was delayed because the teac

7、her was ill. (delay 推遲) (4)常識法 :利用科普知識和生活常識推測生詞含義的方法。例如: the snake slithered through the grass. (根據(jù)蛇的生活習性 ,我們能夠推斷出 slither的意思為 爬行。) 三、常見的提問方式 : 1. the underlined word land in the last paragraph probably means _. 2. the expression negative picture most probably means _. 精品學習資料 可選擇p d f - - - - - - -

8、- - - - - - - 第 2 頁，共 6 頁 - - - - - - - - -3. the underlined word victory in para-graph 5 means _. 4. the word delay in paragraph 2 can be best replaced by _. 5. the word passionate in the middle of the passage is the closest in meaning to _. 真題重現(xiàn) : 例 1: . for many centuries and in all countries, pe

9、ople have studied the weather and tried to make weather forecasting. rings around the sun are a sign of wet weather. that many people feel their joints (關節(jié)) hurt is a sign of wet weather. some birds fly high if fine weather is coming, but they fly near the ground if rainy or stormy weather is on the

10、 way. if you see a rain-bow during rainy weather, this is a sign that the weather will become clear and fine. such rainbows come in the evening . ( 宿遷市中考題閱讀理解 a 篇) which of the following can be used here to replace (取代) the underlined phrase on the way? a. away b. gone c. disappearing d. coming 解析:

11、在本段第四句的前半句我們得知當好天氣來臨的時候,一些鳥會飛得很高。 后半句用一個轉折詞表示反義,即壞天氣的時候這些鳥會有怎樣的表現(xiàn)。因此,我們可以推斷出后半句的on the way和前半句的 coming 意思是一樣的。因此 ,正確答案為 d。例 2: one day when some government officials were rebuilding a barn( 谷倉), they found a mouse hole in a corner and used smoke to force the mice inside the hole to come out. a while

12、 later they indeed saw mice running out, one after another. then, everyone thought that all the mice had escaped. but just as they began to clean up, they saw two mice squeezing ( 擠) out at the mouth of the hole. with some efforts, the mice finally got out. however, it was strange that after they ca

13、me out of the hole, they did not run away immediately. instead, one chased after the other near the mouth of the hole. it 精品學習資料 可選擇p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 3 頁，共 6 頁 - - - - - - - - -seemed that one was trying to bite ( 咬) the tail of the other. everyone was puzzled, so they stepped near

14、er to take a look. they realized that one of the mice was blind and could not see anything, and the other was trying to allow the blind mouse to bite on his tail so that he could pull the blind one with him to escape. after seeing what happened, everyone was speechless and lost in thought. during th

15、e meal time, the group of people sat down in a circle and started to chat about what happened to the two mice. one serious american official said, i think the relationship between those two mice was that of king and guard. the others thought for a while and said, that was why! a smart french said, i

16、 think the relationship between the two mice was that of husband and wife. again the others thought for a while, and all felt it made sense .( 武漢市中考題閱讀理解c 篇) it made sense probably means _. a. it was correct b. it was strange c. it was funny d. it was sweet 解析: 根據(jù)前面兩段的描述 ,我們可以推測出這兩只老鼠的關系很密切。在第四段一位美國

17、官員猜測它們是皇帝和侍衛(wèi)的關系,其他官員表示有這種可能。接著,在第五段一位法國官員推測它們是夫妻關系,這也是有可能的。這時 ,我們就可以猜測出 it made sense 和前面的 that was why有相似的意思 ,即都表示有這種可能。 因此,正確答案為 a。例 3: in every little girls toy box, there might be a barbie doll. barbie is 50 years old this year. it was designed in 1959 by an american businesswoman named ruth han

18、dler. she and her husband elliott started the toy company mattel. she named the new doll after their daughter barbara. the first barbie doll appeared at the toy fair ( 交易會 ) in new york on march 9th, 1959. this date is used as barbies birth-day. mattel sold three hundred thousand barbie dolls in the

19、 first year at a price of three dollars. today, a fifty-year-old barbie in good condition might cost more than twenty-seven thousand dollars. mattel says 90% of the girls in the united states aged from three to ten own at least one barbie doll. and girls aged three to six own average ( 平均) of about

20、twelve. when mattel created barbie dolls half a century ago, they never thought this doll 精品學習資料 可選擇p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 4 頁，共 6 頁 - - - - - - - - -would become a legend. now barbie dolls are famous all over the world. they are sold in one hundred and fifty countries, and every second

21、 three barbie dolls are sold around the world.( 福州市中考題閱讀理解b 篇) what does the underlined word legend mean in the passage? a. 傳播b. 傳奇c. 傳承d. 傳述解析: 根據(jù)前面幾段的敘述 ,由 barbie dolls 誕生到現(xiàn)在的銷售、購買者的年齡以及它經(jīng)久不衰的流行度可推知這是個傳奇。因此,正確答案為 b。小試牛刀 you should have many things to have a good life. motivation is an important on

22、e. what is motivation? motivation is something that allows you to go after and get what you want in life. you need motivation when you do many things in life. for example, if you want to change your character, to start a new habit or to be-come a better child, you need motivation. so how can you develop motivation? here are a few things that you should do: 1. pay attention to one goal1 at a time. you should make sure that your short-term goals all help in getting your long-term goals. one of the best ways for you to pay attention