管理信息系統(tǒng) MIS課件：ch01 Introduction to MIS

1、Introduction to MIS1Copyright 1998-2002 by Jerry PostIntroduction to MISIntroduction to MIS2OutlineGeneralWhat are e-commerce and e-business?What do Managers do?Business TrendsTechnology TrendsRe-engineering: Altering the RulesManagement and Decision LevelsAn Introduction to StrategyCases: Fast Food

2、 IndustryAppendix: Finding InformationHomeworkLearn to use MS AccessIntroduction to MIS3GeneralGoal of this CourseWhat is MIS?Why MIS is Important?Introduction to MIS4Goal of This ClassHow can MIS help you do your job?vUnderstand the technologyvAnalyze business problems.vAn introduction to systems a

3、nalysis.vIdentify types of problems that MIS can help solve through cases.vAbility to classify problems.vKnow when to call for help.The baseline of your knowledge after the coursevBusiness and production with ITvDatabase application;vPersonal MIS, at least, but not including all.vMethodologies of sy

4、stem analysis and design Pre-Requirement for the coursevComputer coding in generalvVery good at databaseThe testIntroduction to MIS5What is MIS?Management Information SystemsvA combination of computers and people that is used to provide information to aid in making decisions and managing a firm.Syst

5、em ModelsInformationvData that has been put into a meaningful and useful context.Information Technology (IT)learn by yourselfvKnowledge in generalvSkillful for Use, especially at DB, web applictionApplication and Data for EnterpriseHistoryvTraditional MISvMature MISvModern MISIntroduction to MIS6Hal

6、l System Architecture社會科學工程技術(shù)（生產(chǎn)、制造、研究.）法律商業(yè)醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生藝術(shù)規(guī)劃階段方案階段研制階段生產(chǎn)階段安裝階段運行階段更新階段明確問題評價體系方案整合系統(tǒng)分析做出決策實施計劃知識維（各種專業(yè)技術(shù)）知識維（各種專業(yè)技術(shù)）時間維（階段）時間維（階段）邏輯維（步驟）邏輯維（步驟）方案優(yōu)化Philosophy of IE is SE!Introduction to MIS7Re-engineering: Altering the RulesManagement=Rule + FormForm = Formed data or structured data=R(data)

7、Rule: Process or procedureSo: Management=Structured Data + ProcessRe-engineering=Altering the rules = altering the way to structure dataIntroduction to MIS8Data and InformationData that have been shaped into a form that is meaningful and useful to human beingA sign, shape, or object which represents

8、 a person, idea, value, anized and arranged into a formShortly: Information = Structured (Data) Data Modelling=Data Structuring: A, 30A309707010,1,7,9Introduction to MIS9Data, Information, message, knowledgeMessage資料Knowledge靜態(tài)信息動態(tài)信息EnergymaterialIntroduction to MIS10Why is MIS Important?More

9、 and more computers are used in businessData and information are key resources for businessMIS affects all areas of businessPerformance evaluationsexpectations?IE and ITIntroduction to MIS11MIS affects all areas of businessManufacturingAccounting & FinanceHuman resourcesMarketingTop managementDe

10、cision makingMonitoring and controllingIntroduction to MIS12Performance evaluationsexpectations?More workMore fasterMore less costMore high qualityIntroduction to MIS13IE and ITMost advanced solution for IEModern IE characterIntegrated IE Knowledge solutionInformation is a new round work design with

11、 computer and telecommunicationImportant aspect within systematic thinkingIntroduction to MIS14Importance of DataIS budget as percent of revenue0123456AerospaceConsumerFinancialIndustrialManuf.PetroleumPharm.SalesTrans.Utilities%Computerworld 1993*1997-2000 data is distorted by Y2k work.Introduction

12、 to MIS15Importance of DataAfter 911, the businesses boomed:vSecurityvData bankvIntroduction to MIS16Everyone Uses ComputersPercent of employees with PC/terminal0102030405060708090100AerospaceConsumerFinancialIndustrialManuf.PetroleumPharm.SalesTrans.UtilitiesComputerworld 1993Introduction to MIS17W

13、hat are e-Commerce and e-BusinessBusiness-to-Consumer (B2C)vSelling retail products to consumersBusiness-to-Business (B2B)vSelling at the wholesale level to other businessesE-BusinessvUsing Internet technologies to conduct any level of businessvE-CommercevIntranetsvMost areas of MIS?Introduction to

14、MIS18What do Managers do?Traditional Functions (F H.fayol, 1841-1925)vPlanningvOrganizingvConductingvCoordinatingvControllingNew functionsManagement ProcessChallenge to Management(1st3hr.)Introduction to MIS19New Management Functions?MintzbergvInterpersonalvInformational (Report, Budget, etc.)vDecis

15、ionalLuthansvTraditional50%vFormal Communication30%vNetworking20%Introduction to MIS20Management ProcessThree phasesvSet strategies for respondingvLocate resources to achieve the strategiesvCoordinate the workProject Management as an exampleIntroduction to MIS21StrategyMethod to achieve specified go

16、alStrategy and tacticvTactic: way under one strategy (as goal)LevelsvMethod as strategic one or tactic depending on the decision level,vStrategy level and operation levelIntroduction to MIS22ResourcesAll necessary for the goal realization, including the following 5Ms:vManpower vMoneyvMaterialvMachin

17、evMethod+the information describing each of above the traditional resourcesHow about the personal resource? Introduction to MIS23New Challenges to ManagementAlways ready to responding to all changes, with creative work, such asvNew products and services creatingvRe-create organizationvRe-engineering

18、 business processDriven by new knowledge and informationThe sensitivity to informationHow to manage the new resource: Information like and knowledgeIntroduction to MIS24管理過程對信息管理的要求Definition of Management資源（5Ms）中大部分以實體的形式存在，不同的實體被不同的特性所標識、描述，即可由信息來表達。Management of resource means the management of t

19、he information of resourcesThe information difference between MIS and other IT systemsvLong term use and storevMore people deal with the data processing;vToo many related objectsvSupport many kinds of decision;vBusiness process-based; Introduction to MIS25Managers and professionals spend considerabl

20、e time in meetings. Providingsupport for teamwork and group decisions is an important issues in MIS.MeetingsIntroduction to MIS26123Making DecisionsMethodology v Ad Hoc DecisionsDecision ProcessvCollect DatavIdentify Problems & OpportunitiesvMake ChoicesIntroduction to MIS27Traditional Managemen

21、tCEOVPFinanceVPMarketingVPAccountingVPHRMVPMISLayers of middle managersCustomersCommandsAnalyze dataCondensed reportsCollectdataIntroduction to MIS28DecentralizationManagement TeamCEOFinanceTeamMarketingTeamAccountingTeamHRMTeamSalesTeamFranchiseStrategyMethodology/RulesCustomersCorporateDatabase&am

22、p;NetworkVPFinVPMrktVPAcctVPHRMVPMISIntroduction to MIS29Business TrendsChanging business environmentvSpecializationvManagement by Methodology and FranchisesvMergersvDecentralization and Small Business (small business, SCM)vTemporary WorkersvInternationalizationvService-Oriented BusinessvBusiness Pr

23、ocess ManagementNeed for faster responses and flexibilityIntroduction to MIS30Technology TrendsComputerCell phoneIntroduction to MIS31Computer in 201016 core CPU 3 TB hybrid hard drive with 1-2 GB of flash cache A 16GB encrypted, removable USB flash device with user settings and enterprise apps A 20

24、Gb/sec wired EthernetA 100Mb/sec MIMO-wireless network UWB for peripherals 3 OLED Aux displayAdapt from Microsoft report 2007 Introduction to MIS32Mobile Phone in 20104 core CPU 32GB micro HDD 4 - 8GB removable Flash card A 100Mb/sec wireless network3-5 day battery lifeUltra-widebad (UWB) for connec

25、ting peripherals and large displays 5+ megapixel cameraVideo camera IP TVAdapt from Microsoft report 2007 Introduction to MIS33IT technologies (2004)少于兩年兩年至五年五年至十年超過十年達到穩(wěn)定期的時間利益可見度q 什么是復合應(yīng)用？什么是復合應(yīng)用？ 復合應(yīng)用是一種集成方式，它通過把新的執(zhí)行代碼綁定到現(xiàn)有系統(tǒng)來實現(xiàn)新應(yīng)用的開發(fā)。q 發(fā)展速度發(fā)展速度平臺技術(shù)以及集成中間件的成熟、Web服務(wù)和SOA的廣泛普及，都加速了復合應(yīng)用成為技術(shù)主流。q 影響的領(lǐng)域

26、影響的領(lǐng)域利用這種集成方式，可以迅速的開發(fā)需要訪問現(xiàn)有系統(tǒng)數(shù)據(jù)的新應(yīng)用，得到的復合應(yīng)用程序可以實時的調(diào)用現(xiàn)有系統(tǒng)中的特定功能。q成熟度成熟度 即將成為技術(shù)主流q 推薦廠商推薦廠商 BEA ，Cordys，IBM，SAP。引自引自 Gartner 2004 年戰(zhàn)略統(tǒng)計報告年戰(zhàn)略統(tǒng)計報告成熟度Introduction to MIS34Business Trends & Implications SpecializationIncreased demand for technical skillsIncreased communicationSpecialized MIS toolsLike

27、 the worker operating NC machine, all manager and operator should be able to manage data and information in modern wayIntroduction to MIS35Business Trends & Implications Methodology & FranchisesReduction of middle managementIncreased data sharingIncreased analysis by top managementComputer s

28、upport for rules and proceduresRe-engineeringvHow to redesign the process?vHow to built the process into the computer?Value detect for Data inputPersonal recognize for securityIntroduction to MIS36Business Trends & ImplicationsMergersLarger companiesNeed for control and informationEconomies of s

29、caleIntroduction to MIS37Business Trends & Implications Decentralization & Small BusinessCommunication needsLower cost of management tasksLow maintenance technologyIntroduction to MIS38Business Trends & Implications Temporary WorkersManaging through rulesFinding and evaluating workersCoo

30、rdination and controlPersonal advancement through technologySecurityIntroduction to MIS39Business Trends & Implications InternationalizationCommunicationProduct designSystem development and programmingSales and marketingIntroduction to MIS40Business Trends & Implications Service OrientationM

31、anagement jobs are information jobsCustomer service requires better informationSpeedIntroduction to MIS41Business Trends & Implications Re-EngineeringBPM=TQM and BPR,+BPR: Basing on advanced technologies, specially ITMIS need Business Process Re-engineeringBPRProcess visualization and controlInt

32、roduction to MIS42Changing Business EnvironmentUS History:Farmer Laborer ManagementYearFarmMfgMgtService192029%44%22%6%19402338308196093643121980332521320003255914Chinas data?Homework!Introduction to MIS43US Employment PatternsUS Employment Patterns0204060801001201401601920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970

33、1980 1990 2000millions of workersServiceManagementManufacturingFarmIntroduction to MIS44Nation% WWLabor% A%G%S25 yr %delta SChina21.0501535 191India17.0601723 28U.S. 4.8 32770 21Indonesia 3.9451639 35Brazil 3.0232453 20Russia 2.5122365 38Japan 2.4 52570 40Nigeria 2.2701020 30Banglad. 2.2631126 30Ger

34、many 1.4 33364 44Top Ten Nations by Labor Force Size(about 50% of world labor in just 10 nations)A = Agriculture, G = Goods, S = Services50% (S) services, 33% (S) services20042004United States(A) Agriculture:Value from harvesting nature(G) Goods:Value from making products(S) Services:Value from enha

35、ncing thecapabilities of things (customizing, distributing, etc.) and interactions between thingsThe world is becoming a service system.Why Now?From IBM report, Grace Lin, 2005Introduction to MIS45Service Science: Why Now? IBMs perspectiveFrom IBM report, Grace Lin, 2005Introduction to MIS46Internat

36、ionalizationUS Merchandise Trade020040060080010001200140019201925193019351940194519501955196019651970197519801985199019952000$ billionImportsExportsIntroduction to MIS47Business Trend SummaryBusiness TrendBusiness TrendImplications for TechnologyImplications for TechnologySpecialization1.Increased d

37、emand for technical skills2.Specialized MIS tools3.Increased communicationMethodology & Franchises1.Reduction of middle management2.Increased data sharing3.Increased analysis by top management4.Computer support for rules5.Re-engineeringMergers1.Four or five big firms dominate most industries2.Ne

38、ed for communication3.Strategic ties to customers and suppliersDecentralization & Small Business1.Communication needs2.Lower cost of management tasks3.Low maintenance technologyTemporary Workers1.Managing through rules2.Finding and evaluating workers3.Coordination and control4.Personal advanceme

39、nt through technology5.SecurityInternationalization1.Communication2.Product design3.System development and programming4.Sales and marketingService Orientation1.Management jobs are information jobs2.Customer service requires better information3.SpeedRe-engineering1.Need business process re-engineerin

40、g2.Altering the RulesIntroduction to MIS48MIS OrganizationBusiness OperationsTacticalManagementStrategicMgt.EISESDSSTransactionProcess Control152Introduction to MIS49MIS structure1526 layersIntroduction to MIS50Operations, Tactics,StrategySectorOperationsTacticsStrategyProduction Machine settings Wo

41、rker schedules Maintenance sch. Rearrange work area Schedule new products Change inventory method New factory New products New industryAccounting Categorize assets Assign expenses Produce reports Inventory valuation Depreciation method Finance short/long term New GL system Debt vs. equity Internatio

42、nal taxesMarketing Reward salespeople Survey customers Monitor promotions Determine pricing Promotional campaigns Select marketing media Monitor competitors New products New marketsIntroduction to MIS51Decision LevelsDecision LevelDescriptionExampleType of InformationStrategicCompetitive advantage,

43、become a market leader. Long-term outlook.New product that will change the industry.External events, rivals, sales, costs quality, trends.TacticalImproving operations without restructuring the company.New tools to cut costs or improve efficiency.Expenses, schedules, sales, models, forecasts.Operatio

44、nsDay-to-day actions to keep the company functioning.Scheduling employees, ordering supplies.Transactions, accounting, human resource management, inventory.Introduction to MIS52Introduction to StrategyDefinitionCharactersvRisk & Reward (Example: Baxter healthcare)vCreativityvPorters External Age

45、ntsCustomersSuppliersCompetitorsGovernmentStrategy/PorterIntroduction to MIS53Strategy/PorterRivalry AmongExisting Competitors Bargaining Powerof BuyersBargaining Powerof SuppliersThreat ofNew EntrantsThreat of SubstituteProducts or ServicesIntroduction to MIS54Baxter/StrategySupply storeroomSupply

46、ClosetsHospitalWarehouseAmerican HospitalSupplySupplierTypical Supply RelationshipSupplierSupplierIntroduction to MIS55Baxter/StrategySupply ClosetsHospitalWarehouseAmerican HospitalSupplySupplierBaxterSupplierSupplierAHS/Baxter Computer LinkComputerMonitorUsage dataDeliverSupplies asneededAccurate

47、usage dataFree spaceIntroduction to MIS56Strategy/OrganizationStrengthvSource of strengthvValue of strengthvHow can it be developed?vWhat could undermine it?vDevelopment costsvAdditional benefits (opportunities)WeaknessesvEffect on companyvPossible solutionsvCost of solutionvResult and cost of leavi

48、ng as-is (do nothing)Introduction to MIS57Cases: Fast Food IndustryMcDonalds uses a considerable amount of information technology to maintain consistency, monitor employees, and track sales.Introduction to MIS58Cases: McDonalds Rainforest CafDave & BDave and BustersWhat is the companys current status?What is the Internet strategy?How does the company use information technology?What are the prospects for the industry?Introduction to MIS5