高中英語語法——名詞性從句(6頁)

1、名詞行從句講練概念：起名詞作用的從句叫名詞從句。它和名詞一樣，在句中可充當(dāng)主語，表語，賓語 和同位語。名詞從句包括主語從句，表語從句，賓語從句和同位語從句。名詞從句的引導(dǎo)詞通常有:1.連詞that, whether, if. 2.連接代詞what, whatever, who, whoever, whose, which 3.連接畐u詞 when, where, how, why1. 主語從句主語從句在從句中作主語，主語從句可以位于句首，但常見的主語從句多放在句末，句 首則用形式主語it。例女口： 1. that the earth is round is true二 it is true t

2、hat the earth is round.2. whether he will come hasrf t been decided=it hasn't been decided whether he will come.注意：連詞that, whether在從句中不擔(dān)任句子成分，只起連接作用，不能省略。并且whether 引導(dǎo)主語從句時不能用if代替。3. who let out the news remained unknown. = it remained unknown who let out the news4. how this happened is still a q

3、uestion.5 it is not clear when we will start.6. why he dicing come here is not clear to anyone. = it is not clear to anyone why he didn't come here.7. which is right isn't known to us.注意：who, which, how, when, where, why在所引導(dǎo)的主語從句中可擔(dān)任主語，賓語，狀語， 不能省略?？梢杂眯问街髡Zit引導(dǎo)。8 what he said at the meeting is

4、 important. 9 whoever leaves the office should tell me10. whenever the olympic games will be held in beijing is not known yet.注意：who, whom, which, what等可以和evei構(gòu)成合成詞，引導(dǎo)主語從句和賓語從句。此類 主語從句不能用it引導(dǎo)，引導(dǎo)詞在句中擔(dān)任句子成分，不能省略。另外，有的“it +主語從句”已成為固定結(jié)構(gòu)。女口：a. it is +名詞 + 從句it is a pity that we cant go.b. it is + 形容詞 + 從

5、句it is clear that tom has returned.c. it is + 過去分詞 + 從句it is said / reported / believed / known 11. 表語從句：在復(fù)合句屮用作表語的從句是表語從句。that's what we should do. that's why i want to see you. the reason for my absence was that i was ilk1. be, seem, look等動詞后均可跟表語從句：my suggestion is that we should go shopp

6、ing. it seems that it is going to rain.2. as if, because也可引導(dǎo)表語從句。it looks as if it's going to rain. it was because i got up late.3. 在非正式文體中,引導(dǎo)表語從句的that可以省略。女口:the trouble is (that) he is ill注意：在表語從句中，當(dāng)reason作主語時，引導(dǎo)詞只能用that,不能用because,如： 他遲到的原因是因為他沒有趕上早班車。the reason why he was late was that he di

7、dn'tcatch the early bus.iii. 賓語從句：在復(fù)合句中用作賓語的從句是賓語從句1. 作動詞賓語i don't know what i was thinking of. i wonder if i might give you a necklacei expect (that) i shall be back on sunday.在口語中，(hat引導(dǎo)賓語從句時常常省略。但兩個that從句并列時后邊的that-般不省略。 若有補語，則賓語從句要放到補語之后，在賓補前用形式賓語it.he doesn't want it to be known tha

8、t he is going away. i consider it necessary that he should do it again.在think, believe, s叩pose, expect等動詞之后，賓語從句中謂語的否定常轉(zhuǎn)移到主句的謂語 上。如：i don't think he will see you. i don't believe he will go.we don't expect he is coming. i don't think he can do it, can he?注：此種用法主句的主語必須是第一人稱i或we.而且它的反意

9、疑問句的助動詞由從句的助 動i訶來定。i don't think he can do it, can he? i don't think you are right, are you?在suggest, insist, demand, order, require等表示建議，命令，要求的動詞后，從句的謂語動 詞要用虛擬語氣。如：i insisted that he (should) do it at once. she suggested that the work (should) be finished at once.2. 作介詞賓語the teacher is sati

10、sfied with what i said.3. 作 afraid, glad, certain, sure 等形容詞的賓語。 fm afraid that i will be late. fm glad that you passed the exam.iv. 同位語從句如果擔(dān)任同位語的是個句子，則這個句子是同位語從句。同位語從句表示先行名詞的具 體內(nèi)容，能跟同位語從句的名詞常見的有news, idea, belief, doubt, fact, rumour, question, order, hope, thought, reply, problem, reason 等。引導(dǎo)同位語從句

11、常用連詞that,它在句中不擔(dān)任句子成分，沒有詞意。除that外，還有 whether, when, where, who, what, which, why, how 等?？梢砸龑?dǎo)同位語從句。 the rumour that there will be an earthquake soon spread all over the area. they have no hope that he will recove匚i have no idea where they have gone.同位語從句與先行名詞有時也可以分開。suddenly the thought came to me tha

12、t hecould go blind.注：同位語從句與定語從句的區(qū)別：(1) 同位語從句的先行名詞極為有限，而定語從句的先行詞則不計其數(shù)。(2) 引導(dǎo)同位語從句的連詞that在句中不擔(dān)任句子成分，而引導(dǎo)定語從句的that則在 從句屮作主語，賓語等。引導(dǎo)同位語從句的wh 一詞多具有疑問意義，而引導(dǎo)定語從句的 wh 詞則沒有疑問意義。(3) 同位語從句與先行名詞是等同關(guān)系，一個具體，一個抽象，兩者?？梢赞D(zhuǎn)述為主表關(guān)系，而定語從句與先行詞是修飾與被修飾關(guān)系。比較： the news that our team won the game is true. ()the news is that our

13、team won the game. () the news that you have heard isn'ttrue. ()whether與if在名詞從句中的用法whether可以用于所有的名詞從句中，if只用于賓語從句中，兩者都不能省略。1. 在引導(dǎo)賓語從句(動詞賓語從句)時，whether和if可以互換，但如果出現(xiàn)or not則只 能用 whether.i don't know whether / if i can come 二 i don't know whether i can come or not.2. 介詞的賓語從句只能用 whether 引導(dǎo)。 we

14、 worried about whether he was in good health or not.3. 引導(dǎo)主語從句，表語從句，同位語從句時都mj whether. the question is whether you can do it yourself. ()whether they will win is all the same to me. ()the question whether he should come himself or send another one hasnt been decided.()4. 和動詞不定式連接時，只能用 whether. i have

15、n't decided whether to go there or not.練習(xí)()用適當(dāng)連詞填空1 you need is more practice2. we need more equipment is quiteobvious 3. i have no ideawe want to go next- 4. the fact iswe are behind theother groups5. that iswe are firmly against 6. that isthe key lies.7.is troubling me is8.1 dont have much exp

16、erience in this kind of work.i the teacher asked the studentsthey had understood the text.9 he told usallhe knew.ii choose the right word to the following sentences.1 the newshe was kidnapped surprised us greatly a. what b that c. whyd. when2. nantong is no longerused to be ten years ago.a. how b. w

17、hat c. thatd. where3 his suggestionthe meeting be delayed was turned down.a. which b. thatc. /d. it4. the thoughthe might fail in the exam worried him.a. whenb. which c. whatd. that5. tom is greatly different fromhe was when he was young.a. whatb. howc. where d. that6. he often asked me the question

18、the work was worth doing.a. whether b.訐 c. that d. when7. father made a promisei passed the examination he would buy me a bike.a. thatb.訐c. whether d. that if8. the questionwe need it has not yet been considereda.訐 b. whether c. that d. which9. eve come here to find someone, but tm not sureis the on

19、e i want to finda. whatever b whoever c whod. whom10. breaks the law should be punisheda. anyone b. whoc. whoever d. whatever11. it was quite noisy there and i couldnl heara. how he saidb that he said c. what he saidd. anything which he said12. can you tell methe railway station?a. how i can get to

20、b. how can i get toc where i can get tod. where can iget toih. translate the following sentences into english*1. 他姐姐是個歌星，這大家都知道.2. 他在門口告訴我們的事真令人興奮.3她無論說什么都不能感動我們.4. 下周日是否去野炊取決于那天是否天好.5. 請告訴我你是怎么做這道難題的.練習(xí)（二）1 she is a rich woman is known to all in the city.a. / b. that c. who d. because2. my cousin a

21、sked mei could lend him the chinese novel.a. whetherb. /c. thatd. which3. the difficulty lies inwe have no moneya. thatb. whichc. the fact d. the fact that4. the facthe was successful proves his ability.a. that b. what c. which d. why5/4what are you doing here,joan?，robert asked.a. robert asked joan

22、: what she is doing thereb robert asked joan what she was doing there.c. robert asked her what was she doing there.d. robert asked joan she was doing what there6 is a fact that english is being accepted as an international languagea. there b. this c. that d. it7. they have no idea at all.a. where ha

23、s he gone b. which place he has gone c where he has gone d where did he go8. the reason he has been such a successhe never gives up.a. is because b is whatc is thatd. is9 mathematics is the base of all other sciences.a. this is because b. this is that c. it is thatd. because10. china is becoming str

24、onger and stronger. it is no longera. what it used to bec. what it used to beingb. what it was used to beingd. what it was used to be11. the reason why he hasn't come is.a. because his mother is illb. because of his mother being illc. that his mother is illd for his mother is ill12. the man aske

25、d a. what was going on therec. whats going on there13.b. what it was going on thered. what going on thereleaves the room last ought to turn off the light.a. anyone b. the person c. whoever d. who14. it was possible, but not probablemanager of the firm.a. he will be electedb he must be electedc. that

26、 he would be electedd. that he must be elected15its uncertain the experiment is worth doinga. if b. that c. whether d. how16. i have will be yours sooner or late匚d. thatd. whata.no matter whatb. no matter whatever c. whatever17. fi1 eatyou give me.a. no matter what b. no matter whatever c whatever1&

27、amp; i can't understand ishe wants to change his mind.a.that; thatb. which; whatc. what; what d. what; why19.1 wonder how mucha. cost these shoes b. do these shoes cost c. these shoes cost d. are these shoes cost20. 1 will accept the gift is none of your businessa. ifb. whether c. whatd. which21

28、. we could see the tower clearly fromwe were standing.whereb. therec. which d. it22. there is life on another planet is almost impossiblea. howb. thatc. why d. whether23. the demand the workers ask for higher wages seemed reasonable.a. whatb. thatc. which d. when24. was a well-known fact.a.that thei

29、r team was weakc. their team was weakb. that their team being weakd if their team was weak25. has it been announcedthe planes are to take off?a. whenb. whatc. where d. who26. nobody knewa. where he comes b. where he was from c. where he is from d. where does he come from27. father asked .a. what was

30、 wrong with meb. whafs wrong with mec. what wrong was with med what wrong is with me28. the trouble iswe are short of tools-a. what b. that c. how d. why that29.lt is possiblehe misunderstood i said.a. that; thatb. what; what c. what; thatd. that; what3o.the facthe is an orphan is well known.a. what

31、b. that c. which d. /3l i was free that evening.a. it happened tob. it happened that c. that happenedd. it was happened that32. in the newspaper that the japanese minister will arrive next mondaya. it says b. it is said c. it has said d. he is said33. comrade wang is to give us a talk on he saw and

32、heard in britaina. whatb. all whatc. thatd. which34. the problem iswill go.a. thatb. that whoc. whod. whoever35. nothing to do with us.a. what he did is b.what he has done c.what did he do d.what he has done has36. the reason is1 missed the bus.a. that b. when c. why d. what37. that iswe were absent

33、 last timea. that b. when c. why d. what3& is announced, all the schools will reopen soon.a. itb. thatc. asd. when39. is announced that all the schools will reopen soon.a. itb. thatc. which d. as4o.she will giveneeds help a warm support.a. what b. which c. whoever d. whom41. she needs is to have

34、 a good rest.a. that b. what c. whoever d. the things what42. they couldn understandi refused.a. what b. whyc. that d. where43 i am anxious to know iswe can visit the museum.what; that b. what; when c. that; where d. where; when44. was lying.a.those who told you that b.anyone told you c.whoever told you d.whoever told you tha