高速公路宜昌段蓋板涵施工技術(shù)交底

1、.;1技技 術(shù)術(shù) 交交 底底 記記 錄錄編號：BYTJ07-JSJD-0062012 年 2 月 12 日工程名稱湖北省保康至宜昌高速公路宜昌段部位BYYCTJ-7 合同段交底內(nèi)容：蓋板涵施工技術(shù)交底一、工程概況：一、工程概況：本合同段起點(diǎn)樁號為 K135+300,終點(diǎn)樁號為 K143+085，長約 7.876km。本合同段共設(shè)蓋板涵 12 座， 機(jī)耕通道 8 座,鋼筋混凝土圓管涵 1 道， 機(jī)耕天橋 1 座，倒虹吸 1 道。涵洞和通道的施工對路基施工影響較大，關(guān)系到整個工期安排，因此一進(jìn)場就制定合理方案和計劃，加快施工進(jìn)度，以使路基填筑不受干憂。二、施工技術(shù)方案二、施工技術(shù)方案1 1、 施工

2、準(zhǔn)備施工準(zhǔn)備(1)采用監(jiān)理工程師批準(zhǔn)的導(dǎo)線點(diǎn)設(shè)站，用全站儀依據(jù)設(shè)計圖紙進(jìn)行測量放樣，定出基坑開挖線及臺身實際位置，測量原地面標(biāo)高，并與實際樁中心進(jìn)行復(fù)核。(2)砂、石料、水泥、鋼筋等原材料經(jīng)試驗室檢驗合格。(3)混凝土配比已報監(jiān)理工程師并已批復(fù)。(4)施工用電根據(jù)施工需要配置發(fā)電機(jī)。(5)施工用水采用水車運(yùn)水，經(jīng)檢驗合格，可作為施工用水。2 2、 基坑施工基坑施工（1）排水基坑開挖前，必須做好臨時排水措施，以免水流沖刷路基和基礎(chǔ)。如施工中有過水要求，先開挖導(dǎo)流槽。（2）基坑開挖基礎(chǔ)的平面尺寸及地面標(biāo)高經(jīng)自檢合格后，報監(jiān)理工程師檢查復(fù)核，檢查合格后方可開挖?；娱_挖以機(jī)械開挖為主，人工配合，配自

3、卸汽車運(yùn)輸。開挖時基坑底部每邊加寬 100 ，以方便基礎(chǔ)模板施工及加固?；娱_挖時臺背兩側(cè)按照 1：1.5 放坡開挖。基坑開挖至距設(shè)計標(biāo)高 1520cm 時，用小型械具和人工進(jìn)行清理，并進(jìn)行基礎(chǔ)夯實和整平，確保不擾動基底地質(zhì)土層。開挖時，要適當(dāng)放坡，并保證斷面尺寸的準(zhǔn)確性，尤其不能超挖。基坑開挖的棄物運(yùn)輸?shù)街付ǖ臈壨翀觥?;2（3）基坑檢驗及處理基坑開挖到設(shè)計標(biāo)高后，用觸探儀對基底承載力進(jìn)行檢測，檢測數(shù)據(jù)經(jīng)監(jiān)理工程師簽認(rèn)后，再進(jìn)行后續(xù)工序；如地基承載力不能滿足要求，則報告監(jiān)理工程師并申請相應(yīng)的經(jīng)其批準(zhǔn)同意的方案對地基進(jìn)行處理，直到符合要求。3 3、基礎(chǔ)、臺身、臺帽施工、基礎(chǔ)、臺身、臺帽施工基坑

4、經(jīng)監(jiān)理工程師驗收后， 測量放樣、 立模、 澆筑基礎(chǔ)混凝土。 基礎(chǔ)底需鋪筑 2.5cm（1）模板由測量人員恢復(fù)軸線,放模板線。、基礎(chǔ)模板，采用鋼模板，模板背后用鋼管或者方木做斜撐，支撐在基坑四壁，將模板加固牢靠。、臺身模板采用組合鋼模板：下部(H=15cm)處，用16 對拉桿螺連接，頂部的對拉螺桿高于混凝土面 10cm 左右， 對拉螺桿的平面間距為 80100cm 呈矩形布設(shè)， 對拉螺桿要套 PVC 管，在 PVC 管兩端安裝 PVC 喇叭口，將喇叭口與模頂緊，防止漏漿。模板支立前應(yīng)進(jìn)行涂刷脫模劑（新機(jī)油或色拉油等）處理。模板的接頭部位以雙面膠或海綿條塞密，防止漏漿。標(biāo)高以測量返到模板上的畫線控

5、制。、臺帽模板：臺身施工完畢后，搭設(shè)鋼管架，安裝臺帽鋼筋，支立模板，模板通過對拉固定。模板的接頭部位以雙面膠或海綿條塞密，防止漏漿。標(biāo)高以模板的畫線控制。、模板1)、清理側(cè)模及端頭模板表面浮漿，打磨并清理干凈。2)、均勻涂抹脫模劑。3)、模板接縫平順、嚴(yán)密，無錯臺，模內(nèi)長、寬、高尺寸符合設(shè)計圖紙及施工規(guī)范的要求，對拉螺桿齊全、緊拉，支撐穩(wěn)固。側(cè)模與底模之間，側(cè)模與側(cè)模之間接縫不嚴(yán)密處用透明玻璃膠填補(bǔ)，確保模板接縫不漏漿。支模完成自檢合格后報監(jiān)理工程師檢查。（2）鋼筋工程鋼筋按照圖紙設(shè)計在加工場地內(nèi)成型，運(yùn)至現(xiàn)場安裝，在澆筑基礎(chǔ)混凝土?xí)r注意有關(guān)預(yù)埋件及預(yù)留槽、孔的預(yù)留，必須定位準(zhǔn)確，避免返工浪費(fèi)

6、。鋼筋存儲在高于地面的平臺墊木上，不暴露在可使鋼筋生銹的環(huán)境中。鋼筋焊接采用搭接焊，同一截面內(nèi)的受拉鋼筋接頭不超過總數(shù)的 50。并在靠近模板的鋼筋上間隔 1m 墊與保護(hù)層厚度等厚的.;3塑料墊塊，以確保保護(hù)層厚度。（3）混凝土澆筑混凝土采用拌合站集中拌和，混凝土罐車運(yùn)輸，現(xiàn)場用吊車和灰斗配合運(yùn)送混凝土入模。、基礎(chǔ)、臺身混凝土澆筑采用水平分段方法澆筑，采用振搗棒振搗，混凝土施工前認(rèn)真檢查拌合設(shè)備，將模板內(nèi)積水及雜物清理干凈?；炷琳駬v采用插入式振搗器，振搗器插入的距離以直線行列插搗時，不超過作用半徑的 1.5 倍。振搗器開動后再插入混凝土內(nèi)，振完后慢慢提出，不得過快或停轉(zhuǎn)后再撥出機(jī)頭，以免留下孔

7、洞。振搗棒與模板保持一定距離，一般為 10cm。混凝土澆完底層后，在澆筑上層混凝土?xí)r，振搗器稍插入下層(不少于 5cm)使兩層結(jié)合一體。振動到混凝土停止下沉，無氣泡上升，表面平坦、泛漿為止?；A(chǔ)和臺身分開澆筑，基礎(chǔ)混凝土澆筑完畢后在基礎(chǔ)表面預(yù) 30cm 的鋼筋且外露15cm；臺身混凝土澆注完畢后，用抹子將頂面抹平拍平壓光，防止頂面松散。、臺帽鋼筋混凝土，由一端向另一端斜向澆筑方法施工，分兩層澆筑、先澆筑臺帽下面部分，后進(jìn)行上面部分。采用振搗棒振搗。、蓋板混凝土振搗采用小型插入式振搗器配合拖式平板振動器，混凝土振搗應(yīng)充分密實，停止下沉，不再冒出氣泡，表面呈現(xiàn)平坦、泛漿現(xiàn)象為止?；炷翝沧⑼戤吅螅?/p>

8、用抹子將頂面抹平拍平壓光，防止頂面松散。、在混凝土澆筑過程中專人檢查模板是否變形、支護(hù)是否移動、鋼筋是否移位。4 4、拆模與養(yǎng)生、拆模與養(yǎng)生當(dāng)混凝土強(qiáng)度達(dá) 2.5MPa 時可拆除側(cè)模板， 拆除時要安排專人指揮和監(jiān)督， 保證其表面以及棱角不因拆模而導(dǎo)致?lián)p壞。混凝土養(yǎng)護(hù)采用塑料布或土工布封閉灑水養(yǎng)護(hù)，保持濕潤，養(yǎng)生期不少于 7 天。5、沉降縫設(shè)置、沉降縫設(shè)置鋼筋混凝土蓋板暗涵涵臺臺身的沉降縫一般沿涵長方向每隔 4-6m 設(shè)置一道， 沉降縫必須貫穿整個涵臺斷面（包括基礎(chǔ)），縫寬 2cm，沉降縫應(yīng)用瀝青麻絮填塞，沉降縫的設(shè)置應(yīng)與板方向平行。6 6、臺背回填、臺背回填臺背填土材料應(yīng)采用透水性良好的砂質(zhì)土

9、或砂礫土等對稱分層夯實，要求在不小于兩倍孔徑范圍內(nèi)填土，每層填土壓實厚度不超過 150mm，臺背填土應(yīng)在蓋板安裝且砂漿.;4強(qiáng)度達(dá)到設(shè)計值的 70%以上，支撐梁混凝土強(qiáng)度達(dá)到 85%，并經(jīng)監(jiān)理認(rèn)可后方可進(jìn)行。填土?xí)r，在兩涵臺外側(cè)同時對稱填筑，分層夯實，壓實度不小于 95%。7 7、涵洞施工工藝流程圖、涵洞施工工藝流程圖涵洞施工工藝流程涵洞施工工藝流程圖圖三、質(zhì)量保證措施三、質(zhì)量保證措施1 1、建立質(zhì)量保證組織機(jī)構(gòu)及保證體系、建立質(zhì)量保證組織機(jī)構(gòu)及保證體系人工配合機(jī)械挖基整修基底自檢基底承載力安裝基礎(chǔ)模板并自檢澆注混凝土基礎(chǔ)自檢基礎(chǔ)強(qiáng)度、尺寸澆筑混凝土墻身澆筑鋼筋混凝土臺帽蓋板澆筑監(jiān)理檢查監(jiān)理檢

10、驗監(jiān)理檢驗監(jiān)理檢驗監(jiān)理檢驗洞口、鋪底施工測量放樣臺背回填.;5本工程將堅持開展全員、全過程、全方位的質(zhì)量管理，成立質(zhì)量管理領(lǐng)導(dǎo)小組，以項目經(jīng)理為組長，項目總工為副組長，各部門負(fù)責(zé)人和施工隊長為組員，全面負(fù)責(zé)工程質(zhì)量的實施和管理工作。各作業(yè)班組設(shè)專職質(zhì)檢員，切實做好以工作質(zhì)量保工程質(zhì)量，以分部分項工程質(zhì)量來保證整個工程的總體質(zhì)量。2 2、質(zhì)量檢驗要求、質(zhì)量檢驗要求蓋板混凝土的現(xiàn)場澆筑施工宜連續(xù)進(jìn)行，避免施工接縫，當(dāng)涵身較長時，可沿長度方向分段進(jìn)行，接縫應(yīng)設(shè)在涵身沉降縫處。涵臺實測項目項次檢查項目規(guī)定值或允許偏差檢查方法和頻率1混凝土強(qiáng)度或砂漿強(qiáng)度（MPa）在合格標(biāo)準(zhǔn)內(nèi)按附錄 D 或 F 檢查2涵

11、臺斷面尺寸（mm）片石砌體20尺量：檢查 35 處混凝土153豎直度或斜度（mm）0.3%臺高吊垂線或經(jīng)緯儀：測量 2 處4頂面高程（mm）10水準(zhǔn)儀：測量 43 處外觀鑒定1) 涵臺線條順直，表面平整。2) 蜂窩、麻面面積不得超過該面面積的 0.5，深度超過 1cm 者必須處理。3) 砌縫勻稱，勾縫平順，無開裂和脫落現(xiàn)象。鋼筋加工及安裝檢查項目項次檢查項目規(guī)定值或允許偏差檢查頻率和方法1受力鋼筋間距（mm）10每構(gòu)件檢查 2 個斷面，用尺量2箍筋、 橫向水平筋、 螺旋筋間距（mm）10每構(gòu)件檢查 5-10 個間距3骨 架 尺 寸（mm）長10按骨架尺寸的 30%抽查寬、高、直徑54彎起鋼筋位

12、置（mm）20每骨架抽查 30%5保護(hù)層厚（mm）5每構(gòu)件沿模板周邊檢查 8 處八字墻實測項目.;6外觀鑒定1）墻體直順、表面平整。2）砌縫無裂隙；勾縫平順，無脫落、開裂現(xiàn)象。3）混凝土墻蜂窩、麻面面積不得超過該面面積的 0.5%。3 3、質(zhì)量保證措施、質(zhì)量保證措施1)、認(rèn)真執(zhí)行施工圖紙，掌握施工技術(shù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，分項、分部工程符合施工規(guī)范和驗標(biāo)要求，嚴(yán)格按照交底施工方案實施；2)、嚴(yán)格執(zhí)行施工技術(shù)規(guī)范和操作規(guī)程，堅持測量復(fù)核雙檢制；3)、經(jīng)理部設(shè)專職質(zhì)檢員，認(rèn)真執(zhí)行自檢制度，建立質(zhì)量監(jiān)督檢查系統(tǒng)，全面負(fù)責(zé)創(chuàng)優(yōu)規(guī)劃的具體實施，現(xiàn)場所有施工人員持證上崗。4)、一道工序完成后現(xiàn)場人員應(yīng)先進(jìn)行自檢，符合要求

13、后報請項目部專職檢查人員進(jìn)行檢查，專職檢查人員檢查合格后報請監(jiān)理工程師檢驗并提交相應(yīng)的“報驗申請表” ，經(jīng)監(jiān)理工程師檢驗符合設(shè)計及規(guī)范要求后予以簽認(rèn)。下一道工序的質(zhì)檢程序同上。上道工序未完成前不得進(jìn)行下一道工序施工。四、安全保證措施四、安全保證措施1、項目設(shè)立安全管理機(jī)構(gòu)，建立現(xiàn)場安全監(jiān)督、檢查小組，針對工序特點(diǎn)，進(jìn)行安全交底，嚴(yán)格執(zhí)行項目經(jīng)理部安全保證體系的有關(guān)規(guī)定，經(jīng)理部與每個作業(yè)人員簽訂安全生產(chǎn)責(zé)任書。2、施工隊進(jìn)場施工前，進(jìn)行崗前安全培訓(xùn)，嚴(yán)格遵守高速公路施工規(guī)范安全的有關(guān)規(guī)定。施工操作人員進(jìn)入現(xiàn)場時必須佩戴安全帽，電工、電焊工必須穿絕緣鞋。電源接線連接必須規(guī)范。項次檢查項目規(guī) 定 值

14、 或 允許偏差檢查方法和頻率權(quán)值1混凝土或砂漿強(qiáng)度(MPa)在 合 格 標(biāo) 準(zhǔn)內(nèi)按附錄 D 或 F 檢查42平面位置(mm)50經(jīng)緯儀：檢查墻兩端13頂面高程(mm)20水準(zhǔn)儀：檢查墻兩端14底面高程(mm)5015豎直度或坡度(%)0.5吊垂線：每墻檢查 2 處16斷面尺寸（mm）不小于設(shè)計尺量：各墻兩端斷面2.;73、施工用電前，應(yīng)檢查所用電線是否有破損和漏電現(xiàn)象，漏電保護(hù)器是否安裝，狀態(tài)是否良好。4、 建立安全值班制度， 規(guī)定值班人員并制定值班責(zé)任制。 對檢查出的問題及時報告。5、墩臺帽施工前必須搭好腳手架和作業(yè)平臺，并在作業(yè)平臺外側(cè)設(shè)欄桿和安全網(wǎng)，吊斗升降應(yīng)有專人指揮，吊斗升降時下面不

15、準(zhǔn)站人。6、梁板預(yù)制和安裝時要注意：（1）預(yù)制構(gòu)件移運(yùn)、堆放、安裝時，險強(qiáng)度應(yīng)不低于對吊裝所要求的強(qiáng)度，并不得低于設(shè)計強(qiáng)度的 75%。（2）預(yù)制構(gòu)件吊裝時，需防止振動、碰撞、荷載偏心及橫向擺動，回轉(zhuǎn)半徑內(nèi)不得有障礙物，不準(zhǔn)上下位置裝卸，傾斜度應(yīng)減少至最小，確實穩(wěn)妥后，才能摘掉吊勾。（3）超重設(shè)備在安置前必須使作業(yè)地面平整堅實，支腳、支墊要牢固，以防傾覆。（4）預(yù)制空蓋板在吊裝移位或安裝就位后，必須加設(shè)足夠支撐和墊木，以保持構(gòu)件的穩(wěn)定性。（5） 關(guān)鍵工點(diǎn)要配備必要的雙電源設(shè)備作業(yè)， 預(yù)防在澆注混凝土或吊裝的構(gòu)件正在空中時停電，而造成經(jīng)濟(jì)損失和重大的安全隱患。五、文明環(huán)保措施五、文明環(huán)保措施1、堅

16、持做到“少破壞、多保護(hù)、少擾動、多防護(hù)、少污染、多防治”的環(huán)水保目標(biāo)。2、加強(qiáng)文明施工管理，合理布置施工場地，合理放置各種施工設(shè)施。3、建立健全環(huán)境保護(hù)及水土保持管理體系，確保環(huán)水保工作的基礎(chǔ)扎實。4、合理安排施工時間，防止擾民。5、石渣、廢料等用車集中外運(yùn)到指定地點(diǎn)，挖坑深埋，施工中注意不要使泥渣污染水源和環(huán)境。交底人：復(fù)核人：接收人：見簽到表g an employment tribunal claimEmployment tribunals sort out disagreements between employers and employees.You may need to make

17、 a claim to an employment tribunal if:you dont agree with the disciplinary action your employer has taken against youyour employer dismisses you and you think that you have been dismissed unfairly.For more information about dismissal and unfair dismissal, see Dismissal.You can make a claim to an emp

18、loyment tribunal, even if you havent appealed against the disciplinaryaction your employer has taken against you. However, if you win your case, the tribunal may reduce anycompensation awarded to you as a result of your failure to appeal.;8Remember that in most cases you must make an application to

19、an employment tribunal within threemonths of the date when the event you are complaining about happened. If your application is receivedafter this time limit, the tribunal will not usually accept it.If you are worried about how the time limits apply to you, take advice from one of the organisations

20、listedunder Further help.Employment tribunals are less formal than some other courts, but it is still a legal process and you willneed to give evidence under an oath or affirmation.Most people find making a claim to an employment tribunal challenging. If you are thinking about making aclaim to an em

21、ployment tribunal, you should get help straight away from one of the organisations listedunder Further help.If you are being represented by a solicitor at the tribunal, they may ask you to sign an agreement whereyou pay their fee out of your compensation if you win the case. This is known as a damag

22、es-basedagreement. In England and Wales, your solicitor cant charge you more than 35% of your compensation ifyou win the case.If you are thinking about signing up for a damages-based agreement, you should make sure youre clearabout the terms of the agreement. It might be best to get advice from an e

23、xperienced adviser, for example,at a Citizens Advice Bureau. To find your nearest CAB, including those that give advice by e-mail, clickon nearest CAB.For more information about making a claim to an employment tribunal, see Employment tribunals.The (lack of) air up thereWatch mCayman Islands-based W

24、ebb, the head ofFifas anti-racism taskforce, is in London for theFootball Associations150th anniversarycelebrations and willattend Citys PremierLeague match at Chelsea on Sunday.I am going to be at the match tomorrow and I haveasked to meet Yaya Toure, he told BBC Sport.For me its about how he felt

25、and I would like tospeak to him first to find out what his experience was.Uefa has opened disciplinary proceedings against CSKA for the racistbehaviour of their fans during Citys 2-1 win.Michel Platini, president of European footballs governing body,has also ordered an immediate investigation into t

26、he refereesactions.CSKA said they were surprised and disappointed by Tourescomplaint. In a statement the Russian side added: We found noracist insults from fans of CSKA.Age has reached the end of the beginning of a word. May be guilty in his seemsto passing a lot of different life became the appeara

27、nce of the same day; May beback in the past, to oneself the paranoid weird belief disillusionment, these days, my mind hasbeen very messy, in my mind constantly. Always feel oneself should go to do something, or writesomething. Twenty years of life trajectory deeply shallow, suddenly feel something,

28、 do it.一字開頭的年齡已經(jīng)到了尾聲?；蛟S是愧疚于自己似乎把轉(zhuǎn)瞬即逝的很多個不同的日子過成了同一天的樣子；或許是追溯過去，對自己那些近乎偏執(zhí)的怪異信念的醒悟，這些天以來，思緒一直.;9很凌亂，在腦海中不斷糾纏?？傆X得自己自己似乎應(yīng)該去做點(diǎn)什么，或者寫點(diǎn)什么。二十年的人生軌跡深深淺淺，突然就感覺到有些事情，非做不可了。The end of our life, and can meet many things really do?而窮盡我們的一生，又能遇到多少事情是真正地非做不可？During my childhood, think lucky money and new clothes ar

29、e necessary for New Year, but as theadvance of the age, will be more and more found that those things are optional; Junior high school,thought to have a crush on just means that the real growth, but over the past three years later, hiswriting of alumni in peace, suddenly found that isnt really grow

30、up, it seems is not so important;Then in high school, think dont want to give vent to out your inner voice can be in the high schoolchildren of the feelings in a period, but was eventually infarction when graduation party in thethroat, later again stood on the pitch he has sweat profusely, looked at

31、 his thrown a basketballhoops, suddenly found himself has already cant remember his appearance.童年時，覺得壓歲錢和新衣服是過年必備，但是隨著年齡的推進(jìn)，會越來越發(fā)現(xiàn)，那些東西根本就可有可無；初中時，以為要有一場暗戀才意味著真正的成長，但三年過去后，自己心平氣和的寫同學(xué)錄的時候，突然就發(fā)現(xiàn)是不是真正的成長了，好像并沒有那么重要了；然后到了高中，覺得非要吐露出自己的心聲才能為高中生涯里的懵懂情愫劃上一個句點(diǎn)，但畢業(yè)晚會的時候最終還是被梗塞在了咽喉，后來再次站在他曾經(jīng)揮汗如雨的球場，看著他投過籃球的球框時

32、，突然間發(fā)現(xiàn)自己已經(jīng)想不起他的容顏。Originally, this world, can produce a chemical reaction to an event, in addition to resolutely, haveto do, and time.原來，這個世界上，對某個事件能產(chǎn)生化學(xué)反應(yīng)的，除了非做不可的堅決，還有，時間。A persons time, your ideas are always special to clear. Want, want, line is clear, as if nothingcould shake his. Also once seem

33、ed to be determined to do something, but more often is hebacked out at last. Dislike his cowardice, finally found that there are a lot of love, there are a lot ofmiss, like shadow really have been doomed. Those who do, just green years oneself give oneselfan arm injection, or is a self-righteous spi

34、ritual.一個人的時候，自己的想法總是特別地清晰。想要的，不想要的，界限明確，好像沒有什么可以撼動自己。也曾經(jīng)好像已經(jīng)下定了決心去做某件事，但更多的時候是最后又打起了退堂鼓。嫌惡過自己的怯懦，最終卻發(fā)現(xiàn)有很多緣分，有很多錯過，好像冥冥之中真的已經(jīng)注定。那些曾經(jīng)所謂的非做不可，只是青蔥年華里自己給自己注射的一支強(qiáng)心劑，或者說，是自以為是的精神寄托罷了。At the moment, the sky is dark, the air is fresh factor after just rained. Suddenly thought of blueplaid shirt; Those were

35、 broken into various shapes of stationery; From the corner at the beginningof deep friendship; Have declared the end of the encounter that havent start planning. Thoseyears, those days of do, finally, like youth, will end in our life.此刻，天空是陰暗的，空氣里有著剛下過雨之后的清新因子。突然想到那件藍(lán)格子襯衫；那些被折成各種各樣形狀的信紙；那段從街角深巷伊始的友誼

36、；還有那場還沒有開始就宣告了終結(jié)的邂逅計劃那些年那些天的非做不可，終于和青春一樣，都將在我們的人生中謝幕。Baumgartner the disappointing news: Mission aborted. r plays an important role in this mission.Starting at the ground, conditions have to be very calm - winds less than 2 mph, with noprecipitation or humidity and limited cloud cover. The balloon,

37、with capsule attached, will movethrough the lower level of the atmosphere (the troposphere) where our day-to-day weather lives. Itwill climb higher than the tip of Mount Everest (5.5 miles/8.85 kilometers), drifting even higher thanthe cruising altitude of commercial airliners (5.6 miles/9.17 kilome

38、ters) and into the stratosphere.As he crosses the boundary layer (called the tropopause),e can expect a lot of turbulence.;10The supersonic descent could happen as early as Sunda.The weatheThe balloon will slowly drift to the edge of space at 120,000 feet (Then, I would assume, he will slowly step out onto something resembling a