初中六大時(shí)態(tài)專題講解講義及作業(yè)

1、第 1 頁(yè)六大時(shí)態(tài)概念時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)基本結(jié)構(gòu)否定形式一般疑問(wèn)句一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)經(jīng)常、反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或行為及現(xiàn)在的某種狀況。often, usually, always, sometimes, everyday(week, month),once a week, on Mondays, 等1.主語(yǔ)+系動(dòng)詞 be+表語(yǔ)2.主語(yǔ)+行為動(dòng)詞+其它主+am/is/are+not+表現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示現(xiàn)階段或說(shuō)話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。Look!listen !now, at this time, at the momentthese am/ is/ are +doingam/ is/ are +not +doing第

2、2 頁(yè)days, 等 一般過(guò)去時(shí)過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間里發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)； 過(guò)去 習(xí)慣性、經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作、行為。ago, yesterday, last week(month, year), in 2000, just now, one day, long long ago, 等1.was/were2.行為動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式1.was/were+ not2. 在行為動(dòng)詞前加 do 在其前加didnt，同時(shí)還原行為動(dòng)詞。一般將來(lái)時(shí)表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)tomorrow, next., in +時(shí)間段（多少時(shí)間之后）,one day ,some day , at once , how soon 等1.am /

3、is /are going to do 2.will do 3.shall do 4.am/is/are doing1.am /is /are not going to do 2.wont do (will not do)3.shall not do 4.am/is/are not doing1.把 be 放于句首。2.把 will 提前3.把 shall 提前4.把 be 放于句首第 3 頁(yè)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示在過(guò)去某個(gè)具體的時(shí)間點(diǎn)或時(shí)間段發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài) When ,while ,at night last night ,from eight to ten last night at th

4、is time yesterday , at that time last .等Was/were doingWas not doing Were not doing 把 be 放于句首現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去發(fā)生動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響；表示過(guò)去已經(jīng)開(kāi)始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till / until, up to Have/has doneHave/has not doneHave/has 放于句首第 4 頁(yè)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)【時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)】總經(jīng)常有每沒(méi)復(fù)星周 _動(dòng)詞原形到動(dòng)詞三單的變化動(dòng)詞原形到動(dòng)詞三單的

5、變化 【動(dòng)詞變化規(guī)則動(dòng)詞變化規(guī)則】1. 一般在動(dòng)詞結(jié)尾直接加 se. g. swim - swims run - runs 2.以 s, x, ch, sh, o 結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞加 es;如果詞尾已有 e, 直接加 seg. guess - guesses watch - watches go - goes do - does3. 以輔音字母 + y 結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞, 變 y 為 i 后, 加 es e. g. study - studies try - tries fly - flies 隨堂練習(xí)：隨堂練習(xí)：（一）用動(dòng)詞適當(dāng)形式填空：1. My mother often tells me _ in

6、beD. (not read) 2.It _ me two days to write the article. (花費(fèi)) 3. Its cold outside, so youd better _ your coat. (穿上) 4.How （do） he usually（get） there?（二）句型轉(zhuǎn)換：1. We are in the same class. （改為一般疑問(wèn)句） 2. She sometimes washes clothes on the weekend.(改為否定句和一般疑問(wèn)句)否定句：一般疑問(wèn)句： 3. I see him drinking some milk a

7、t home .(變否定句)一般過(guò)去時(shí)一般過(guò)去時(shí)并可能還要延續(xù) now, in past years 第 5 頁(yè)【時(shí)間標(biāo)志性詞時(shí)間標(biāo)志性詞】昨天上個(gè)*前，in+時(shí)間 when 字連_【動(dòng)詞變化規(guī)則動(dòng)詞變化規(guī)則】規(guī)則動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式的變化規(guī)律規(guī)則動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式的變化規(guī)律1一般在動(dòng)詞末尾加-ed，如：pull-pulled, cook-cooked2結(jié)尾是 e 加 d，如：taste-tasted3末尾是輔音字母加一個(gè)元音字母和一個(gè)輔音字母的重讀閉音節(jié)，應(yīng)雙寫末尾的輔音字母，再加-ed， 如：stop-stopped4以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的，變 y 為 i，再加-ed，如：study-studied隨堂練

8、習(xí)隨堂練習(xí)1. Last night we _ back home until the teacher left school. (not go) 2. Do you remember _ the film last year? (see) 3. Im sorry youve missed the last bus. It _ ten minutes ago. (leave) 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)時(shí)間標(biāo)志：時(shí)間標(biāo)志：現(xiàn)在時(shí)刻看和聽(tīng)，最近在哪請(qǐng)安靜！現(xiàn)在時(shí)刻看和聽(tīng)，最近在哪請(qǐng)安靜！_【動(dòng)詞變化規(guī)則動(dòng)詞變化規(guī)則】 1.直接+ ing(例：sleep+ing sleeping) 2.去 e+ing(

9、例：bite-e+ing biting) 3.重讀閉音節(jié)，且末尾只有 1 個(gè)輔音字母，雙寫輔音字母+ing(例：sit+t+ing sitting)第 6 頁(yè)隨堂練習(xí)隨堂練習(xí)1. _ come beef! (隨便吃點(diǎn)) 2. I didnt remember _ her the book before. (give) 3. Cant you see Im busy _? (cook)一般將來(lái)時(shí)一般將來(lái)時(shí) 結(jié)構(gòu)：結(jié)構(gòu)：(1)(1) bebe goinggoing toto do:do: amam /is/is /are/are goinggoing toto dodo (2)(2) willwi

10、ll dodo ( ( 3)3) shallshall dodo (4)be(4)be doing:doing: am/is/aream/is/are doingdoing時(shí)間標(biāo)志詞時(shí)間標(biāo)志詞明天下個(gè)*后，in+時(shí)間 when 字連 _tomorrow, next., in +時(shí)間段（多少時(shí)間之后）,one day ,some day , at once , how soon 等區(qū)別：區(qū)別： （1 1） bebe goinggoing toto 及及 willwill 1. be going to 表示近期、眼下就要發(fā)生的事情，will 表示的將來(lái)時(shí)間則較遠(yuǎn)一些，如：He is going t

11、o write a letter tonight. He will write a book one day. 2. be going to 表示根據(jù)主觀判斷將來(lái)絕對(duì)發(fā)生的事情， will 表示客觀上將來(lái)勢(shì)必發(fā)生的事情。 如：He is seriously ill. He is going to die. He will be twenty years old.3. be going to 含有“打算，準(zhǔn)備”的意思，而 will 則沒(méi)有這個(gè)意思，如：She is going to lend us her book. He will be here in half an hour.注意：注意：T

12、here be 句型的 be going to 結(jié)構(gòu)為：There is / are going to be. (注意句型中 going to 后面的 be 不能改為 have。) 常用來(lái)表示將有某事發(fā)生。練習(xí)：There _ a sports meeting in our school next week,A.will be going to be B.is going to have C.will have D.is going to be (2) bebe doingdoingam/is/aream/is/are doingdoing 用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)來(lái)表示一般將來(lái)時(shí)表示按計(jì)劃或安排要發(fā)生的

13、動(dòng)作,有準(zhǔn)備；打算的意思Eg: We are having a class meeting this afternoon.第 7 頁(yè)注意：come,come, go,go, arrivearrive，leave,leave,等表示位置移動(dòng)的動(dòng)詞常用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將等表示位置移動(dòng)的動(dòng)詞常用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，它們很少及 be going to 結(jié)構(gòu)連用。例如： Miss Sun is coming tonight.今晚孫小姐要來(lái)。 We are going to Beijing next week(3) ShallShall dodo shall do 一般及第一人稱（I、

14、we)使用，常用于提建議的句型中：Shall I/we go to the park?過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)標(biāo)志詞：標(biāo)志詞：1.when/while1.when/while 2.2.at+ 點(diǎn)鐘 +yesterday (last night / Sunday )3.at this/that time, 4.at this/that time yesterday (last night/Sunday/week ), 5. the whole morning, all day , from nine to ten, while 等。例如：I was making fruit salad at thi

15、s time. They were studying from 8:00 to 11:00 yesterday.whenwhen 和和 whilewhile 的用法區(qū)別的用法區(qū)別whenwhen 既指時(shí)間點(diǎn)，也可指一段時(shí)間既指時(shí)間點(diǎn)，也可指一段時(shí)間。因此 when 在狀語(yǔ)從句中的動(dòng)詞可以終止性動(dòng)詞，也可以是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞 while 只指一段時(shí)間。whilewhile 從句中的動(dòng)詞必須是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。從句中的動(dòng)詞必須是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。whenwhen 說(shuō)明從句的動(dòng)作和主句的動(dòng)作可以是同時(shí)，也可以是先后生；說(shuō)明從句的動(dòng)作和主句的動(dòng)作可以是同時(shí)，也可以是先后生；whilewhile 則強(qiáng)調(diào)主句的動(dòng)作在從句動(dòng)

16、作的發(fā)生的過(guò)程中或主從句兩個(gè)動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生。則強(qiáng)調(diào)主句的動(dòng)作在從句動(dòng)作的發(fā)生的過(guò)程中或主從句兩個(gè)動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生。 whenwhen 引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。后用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。后用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。WhileWhile 后面一般用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)。后面一般用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)。如果從句和主句的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，兩句都用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的時(shí)候，多用，兩句都用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的時(shí)候，多用 whilewhile 引導(dǎo)，引導(dǎo)，a.When the teacher came in, we were talking.=While we were talking, the teacher came in. b.They were si

17、nging while we were dancing.第 8 頁(yè) 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)及一般過(guò)去時(shí)的區(qū)別過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)及一般過(guò)去時(shí)的區(qū)別 （1） 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作在過(guò)去某時(shí)刻正在進(jìn)行或持續(xù)持續(xù)，而一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示動(dòng)作的完成完成。如： He was writing his composition last night. 他昨晚在寫作文。 （不一定寫完） He wrote his composition last night. 他昨晚寫了一篇作文。 （已經(jīng)寫完）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)1、表示過(guò)去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，常及already, yet, ever, never, just，bef

18、ore 等詞連用。 Eg. Have you ever cooked at home? 你吃晚飯了嗎？ 2、表示過(guò)去已經(jīng)開(kāi)始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，并可能還要延續(xù)。往往和表示一段時(shí)間的時(shí)間壯語(yǔ)連用，常用的有：for一段時(shí)間；since+過(guò)去時(shí)間點(diǎn)或從句。 （Since 用來(lái)說(shuō)明動(dòng)作起始時(shí)間，for 用來(lái)說(shuō)明動(dòng)作延續(xù)時(shí)間長(zhǎng)度） ，提問(wèn)用How long. 例如：It has been five years since he joined the army .他參軍五年了。 3、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)需注意的問(wèn)題： 1 表示短暫性的動(dòng)詞不能及表示一段時(shí)間的壯語(yǔ)連用appear,begin,borrow,le

19、nd,buy,close, come,die,fall,find,finish,join,kill,leave,sell,stop 等。 例如：He hashas joinedjoined the army for five years. （錯(cuò)誤） 注意：非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的否定形式可以及表示延續(xù)時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的否定形式可以及表示延續(xù)時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。即動(dòng)作不發(fā)生的狀態(tài)是可以持續(xù)的。（錯(cuò)）I have received his letter for a month. 第 9 頁(yè)（對(duì)）I havent received his letter for almost a month. 2 不能和

20、明確的過(guò)去時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用不能和明確的過(guò)去時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，如：yesterday,last week,in 2019,two days ago 等。 3.比較一般過(guò)去時(shí)及現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) 一般過(guò)去時(shí)一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示過(guò)去某時(shí)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作，不和現(xiàn)在發(fā)生聯(lián)系，常及具體的過(guò)去時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用及具體的過(guò)去時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，如yesterday, last week，ago, in1980, in October, just now 等，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的某一動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，強(qiáng)調(diào)的現(xiàn)在的情況，不能及表過(guò)去的時(shí)間壯語(yǔ)連用。不能及表過(guò)去的時(shí)間壯語(yǔ)連用。 常見(jiàn)終止性動(dòng)詞及延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞 (或狀態(tài)

21、動(dòng)詞) 的對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系如下: come / go / arrive / get / reach / move- be in/at open - be open die - be dead close - be closed become -be borrow - keep put on - wear buy - have leave - be away (from) begin / start - be on fall asleep - be asleep end/finish - be over catch a cold - have a cold join the army - be in t

22、he army, be a soldier join the Party- be in the Party , be a Party member 如：吉姆買這支已有兩年了Jim bought this pen two years ago. Jim has had this pen for two years. Jim has had this pen since two years ago. Jim has had this pen since 2019 It is two years since Jim bought 第 10 頁(yè)this pen. 4. .在表示“最近幾世紀(jì)/ 年/ 月以

23、來(lái)”時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用現(xiàn)在完成。 in the past few years/months/weeks/days；over the past few years; during the last three months; for the last few centuries, through centuries; throughout history 等 5. 表示“第幾次做某事， ”或在 “It is the best (worst, most interesting ) +名詞 that” 后面跟現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。This is my first time that I have visi

24、ted China. This is the most interesting film I have ever seen. 6. have / has been to + 地點(diǎn) 意為“曾去過(guò)某地” ，暗含目前已不在該地，僅表示當(dāng)事人的一種經(jīng)歷而已。 have / has gone to + 地點(diǎn) “到了某地去了” ，暗含“已離開(kāi)原地去了某地”之意，但是否到達(dá)了某地尚不確定。 如：He has gone to Shanghai. 他去了上海。 He has been to Shanghai. 他去過(guò)了上海。隨堂練習(xí)隨堂練習(xí)：1 He has _ been to Shanghai, has he

25、 ?. already .never .ever . Still2 The famous writer _ one new book in the past two year . is writing .was writing .wrote .has written3 Have you met Mr Li _？. just . ago .before . a moment ago4Our country _ a lot so far .Yes . I hope it will be even _ . has changed ; well . changed ; good C. has chan

26、ged ; better 第 11 頁(yè). changed ; better5 Hurry up! The play _ for ten minutes . has begun . had begun. has been on . began6 Miss Green isnt in the office . she_ to the library .has gone . went .will go . has been7 His father _ the Party since 1978 . joined . has joined . was in . has been in8 My paren

27、ts _ Shandong for ten years . have been in . have been to. have gone to . have been 根據(jù)所給提示填詞1. He _ back a month ago. (come)2. Its a great shame for me _ in front of so many people. (laugh at) 3. I must take it back the day after tomorrow. You can only _ it for 24 hours. (保存)4. Why have you kept me

28、_ here for so long a time? (wait)5. Please come to our meeting if you _ free tomorrow. (be)6. She _ to the Great Wall several times. (goes)7. In his letter, he said that he _ us very much. (miss)8. The film _ for nearly fifteen minutes when I got to the cinema. (be)9. He said he became _ in physics.

29、 (interest)10. This film is worth _. (see)11. He went to school instead of _ home. (go)第 12 頁(yè)12. In the old days it was difficult for the poor to _ a joB. (找)13. There _ a physics test next Monday. (be) 14. He is hungry. Please give him something _. (eat)15. Please dont waste time _ TV every evening

30、. You should word hard at English. (watch)16. We found the window _. (break)17. You have dropped your pencil. _. (拾起來(lái))18. Mother often tells me _ too late. (not come home)19. You had better _ by bus, or you will be late. (go)20. I will _ Li Ming the good news as soon as I see him. (告訴)作業(yè)：( )1._frien

31、ds you have, _you will be. A. more; happier B. more; more happy C. the more; the happier D. the more; the more happy( )2._is not easy for children to understand this movie.A. This B. That C. It D .One( )3.-Peter, i think we need to buy a new car. -Oh, no. we are _out of money, you know? A.trying B.

32、going C. getting D. running( )4._have you been swimming? -For five years. A. How long B. How often C. How soon D. How far第 13 頁(yè)( )5.Mum, my shoes are worn out. can you buy me a new_?A. oneB. shoe C. pairD. shoes( )6.-Oh, there isnt enough _for us in the lift. -No hurry. lets wait for the next. A. gr

33、ound B. floor C. place D. room( )7.The factory _for 5 years. A. has opened B. has been opened C. has been opening D. has been open( )8.-You seem to like sweets. -_.Thats probably why im becoming fatter and fatter. A. So i doB. So do iC. So am i D. So i am ( )9.Swimming in the pool with friends _very

34、 interesting.A. has B. have C. is D. are( )10.The medicine you bought me didnt_.A. give B. work C. do D. go( )11.-What are you going to do this sunday?-I_ yet.A. havent decided B. wont decide C. am not decided D. didnt decide( )12.-Would you mind closing the window? its so cold here. A. no, not at a

35、ll B. i like it C. thank you D. yes, i do( )13.-Will you please take a message for mike? -_. A. yes, the message is important B. thats very nice C. thanks for telling me D. ill be glad to( )14._of the students in the class_ money to the disabled people these days.第 14 頁(yè) A. two third; have raised B.

36、two thirds; has raised C. two three; have raised D. two thirds; have raised( )15. It took the firemen two hours to _the fire. A. put out B. put up C. put on D. put away( )16.-Its too hot here. would you mind _the door? -_.please. A. to pen; Ok B. opening; Of course C. opening; Certainly not D. to open; Good idea( )17.Why_some light music? A. dont listen B. not listen to C. dont hear D. not hear( )18.Dont worry, sir. i am sure i can run _to catch up with them. A. fast enough b.enough fast c.slowly enough d.enough slowly( )19.Tomorrow is teachers day. _give our english teacher some