2022年2022年高考英語閱讀理解之主旨大意題解題策略及技巧點撥

1、精選學(xué)習(xí)資料 - - - 歡迎下載學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載高考英語閱讀懂得之主旨大意題解題策略及技巧點撥一. 考題探究1. 開門見山,提出主題 、隨之用細(xì)節(jié)來說明 、支撐或進(jìn)展主題句所表達(dá)的主題思想,即最常見的演繹法寫作方式；1) smoking cigarettes is harmful to your health.experiments show that cigarette smoking can cause cancer.besidesthemost seriousand terriblediseaseillness、cancer、 cigarette smoking also can ca

2、use other health problems. forexample、 it can give one a“smokers cough ”. finally、studies have shown it is easy for cigarette smokers to catchcolds.whether you getan unimportantcoldorterriblekiller、 cancer、 smoking is harmful. is it worth it.2) today the problem ofenvironmenthas becomemore and more

3、serious. the world population is rising、 so quickly that theworld has become too crowded. we are using up our naturalresources too quickly and at the sametime we are polluting our environment with dangerous chemicals. if we continue to do this、 human life on earth will not survive.分清 main idea和 supp

4、orting sentences精品學(xué)習(xí)資料精選學(xué)習(xí)資料 - - - 歡迎下載學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載2. 首尾呼應(yīng)為突出主題 、作者先提出主題 、結(jié)尾時再次點出主題 、這種首尾呼應(yīng)的寫作方式較為多見；但前后表述主題的句子不為簡潔的重復(fù)、后面的表述往往有進(jìn)一步的引申或進(jìn)展的意味； 首段shu pulong has helpedatleast1000 peoplebittenby snakes、“ it was seeing people with snakes bites that led meto the career.“ she said 尾段 “ the sad story touched me

5、 so much that i decidedtodevotemyselftohelpingpeoplebittenby snakes.shu said.3. 先表述細(xì)節(jié) 、 后歸納要點 、印象、結(jié)論,建議或結(jié)果 、以概括主題；這為英語中常見的歸納法寫作方式1) oftenno one looksmore guiltythantheinnocent.on theother hand、 nobody may look more innocent than a professional criminal.and themanwho knows “everything” mayreallyonly

6、be trying to hide his own weakness. so、 it is foolish to tryto judge a person only by his appearance.2) a human body appears to be rather soft and delicate、 compared with that of a wild animal、 but it is actually surprisingly strong. in deed、 its very softness and looseness精品學(xué)習(xí)資料精選學(xué)習(xí)資料 - - - 歡迎下載學(xué)習(xí)必

7、備歡迎下載isan advantage; itmakes mangood atmoving aboutmovementof all living things of his own size、 because he can do so manydifferent things with his limbs. mans games show how he cancontrol his own body. no other land creature can swim as skillfully as man; more has such varied grace; very few lives

8、as long as he; none is so strong in its natural resistance to disease. therefore man has a great advantage in his battle against the risks of damage and death that threaten him.4. 無主題句即主題句隱含在全文中、沒有明確的主題句 .必需依據(jù)文篇中 所供應(yīng)的事實細(xì)節(jié), 進(jìn)行全面考慮, 綜合分析,然后找出共同的東西,歸納成一般概念；必需留意的為,既不能以偏概全,也不能在概括時 過于寬泛,要恰如其分；1) joshua bi

9、ngham studied4 yearsattheuniversityofparis and decided to leave his graduation. he transferred to theuniversity of berlin and graduated with honors. harvard lawschool and、 later、 boston college provided him with an excellent legal background. he is presently a corporation lawyer in miami、 florida.wh

10、at is the main idea of the passage. 精品學(xué)習(xí)資料精選學(xué)習(xí)資料 - - - 歡迎下載學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載a. how joshua bingham became a lawyer.b. bingham is a diligent student.c. joshuabingham received an excellent education.d. a good lawyer needs good education.【分析】此文沒有主題句；全篇共四句,只陳述了四個細(xì)節(jié)detail性的事實；因此就答案本身看,個個都對；讀者只能將全部 的 details綜合起來, 進(jìn)

11、行規(guī)律推理, 才能構(gòu)成一個沒有言明的主題思想unstated main idea；由于文中主要涉及了joshua bingham接受訓(xùn)練的情形,即作者想告知我們的為：joshua bingham 接受過良好的訓(xùn)練,所以答案為c2) if you were planning to buy a television set、 the following advertisement would certainly draw your attention:“colortv. only $79.twodays sale.hurry. ” however、 whenyougo to the store r

12、eady to buy. you may discover that they are sold out. but the shop assistant is quick to tell you that hehas anothermodel. amuch better set whichis“justrightforyou” it costs $395. this sales trick is called“bait and switch ”. buyers are baited with a sales advertisement、 and then they are switched t

13、o another more expensive one. buying精品學(xué)習(xí)資料精選學(xué)習(xí)資料 - - - 歡迎下載學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載thingson saleneeds carefulconsiderationofthegoods and the reason for the sale.the paragraph could be entitled .a. buyer bewareb. closeout出清存貨 salec. crime paysd. buying a tv set【分析】本段文字先從 buy a television set這一詳細(xì)事例入手,表述細(xì)節(jié),詳說過程,得出“bai

14、tand switch ”這一結(jié)論；通過說明結(jié)論,辨明內(nèi)在規(guī)律,最終提示人們要有careful consideration,也就為選項 a；文章只為揭露銷售中的一個伎倆并非出清存活,所以不選b 和 c; 而 d只為用于闡釋結(jié)論的詳細(xì)事例；3) reading to dogs is an unusual way to help children improve their literacy skills讀寫才能 . with their shining brown eyes、 wagging tails、 and unconditional love、 dogs can provide the

15、nonjudgmental listeners needed for a beginningreadertogainconfidence 自信心 、accordingtointermountain精品學(xué)習(xí)資料精選學(xué)習(xí)資料 - - - 歡迎下載學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載therapy animals ita in salt lake city. the group says it is the first program in the country to use dogs to help develop literacy in children、 with the introduction of rea

16、ding education assistance dogs read.the salt lake city public library is sold on the idea.“l(fā)iteracy specialists admit that children who read below theleveloftheirfellowpupilsareoftenafraidofreadingaloudina group、oftenhave lowerselfrespect、and regardreading as a headache、” said lisa myron、 manager of

17、 the children s department.lastnovemberthetwo groups started“ dogday afternoon ” in the childrens department of the main library. about 25childrenattendedeach ofthe foursaturdayafternoonclasses、readingforhalf anhour. those whoattendedthreeof the four classesreceiveda“ paw graphed” bookatthelastclass

18、.the program was so successful that the library plans to repeat itin april、 according to dana thumpow sky、 public relations manager.what is mainly discussed in the text.a. childrens reading difficulties精品學(xué)習(xí)資料精選學(xué)習(xí)資料 - - - 歡迎下載學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載b. advantages of raising dogs.c. service in a public library.d. a s

19、pecial reading program.【分析】文章開篇說明用狗幫忙孩子improve their literacy skills,提出 it is the first program；在其次段借助專家觀點說明閱讀才能遲后對孩子造成的影響,從而闡明提高閱讀才能的必要性,但為沒有說明閱讀的困難所在,所以a 項不合適；文章在第三段 以“ dog dayafternoon ”實例說明 the program wasso successful,從而突出答案 d；b 和 c都過于寬泛,片面；二. 實例演練apittsburghfor most people、 snakes seem unpleas

20、ant or even threatening. but howie choset sees in their delicatemovements a way to save lives.the 37yearold carnegie mellon university professorhas spentyearsdevelopingsnakelikerobots,he hopes will eventuallyslidethroughfallenbuildingsinsearchofvictimstrapped after natural disasters or other emergen

21、cies.精品學(xué)習(xí)資料精選學(xué)習(xí)資料 - - - 歡迎下載學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載dankara ispresidentofroboticstrends、a northboro、mass. based companythatpublishesan onlineindustrymagazine andruns robotics trade shows. he said there are other snakelikerobotsbeingdeveloped、mainlyatuniversities、butdidn t know of one that could climb pipes.the carn

22、egie mellon machines are designed to carry cameras and electronic sensorsand can be controlled with a joystick操縱桿 . they move smoothly with the help of small electric motors、 or servos、commonly used by hobbyists in model airplanes.built from lightweight materials、 the robots are about the size of a

23、humanarm or smaller. they can sense which way is up、 but are only as good as their human operators、 choset added.sam stover、 a search term manager with the federal emergency management agency based in indiana、 said snake type robots would offer greater mobility than equipment currently available、 su

24、ch as cameras attached to extendable roles.“it just allows us to do something weve not been able to do before、” stover said、“we needed them yesterday.”精品學(xué)習(xí)資料精選學(xué)習(xí)資料 - - - 歡迎下載學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載he said sniffer dogs are still the best search tool forrescueworkers、butthattheycan onlybe used effectivelywhen worker

25、s have access to damaged building.stover、amongtherescueworkerswho handledtheaftermath 后果 of hurricane katrina、 said snake robots would havehelpedrescuerssearchfloodedhouses inthatdisaster.choset said the robots may not be ready for use for another five toten years、 depending on funding.what is the t

26、ext mainly about.a. snakelike robots used in industries.b. snakelike robots made to aid in rescues.c. the development of snakelike robots.d. the working principles of snakelike robots.【分析】答案： b； 該題為考查文章的主旨大意；文章的第一 段只為引出這一話題, 其次段才為本文的主題, 其次段中提到choest 講究 snakelikerobots為由于 he hopes willeventuallyslide

27、 through fallen buildings in search of victims trapped afternatural disasters or other emergencies,由此可知, choset討論蛇形機(jī)器人的目的為為了在自然災(zāi)難或其他的緊急事故中起作用；精品學(xué)習(xí)資料精選學(xué)習(xí)資料 - - - 歡迎下載學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載bthere are many famous museums throughout the world where peoplecan enjoyart.washington d.c.、theus、 has thenational galleryofar

28、tarishasthelouver、london、thebritishmuseum.florida international universityfiu in miami、 he us alsoshows artforvisitorstosee.anditdoes so withouta building、 or even a wall for its drawings and paintings.fiu has opened what itsays isthe firstcomputer artmuseum in the united states. you dont have to vi

29、sit the universitytosee theart.you justneed a computerlinkedtoa telephone.you can callthetelephonenumber ofa universitycomputer and connect your own computer to it. all of the art is storedin the school computer. it is computer art、 producedelectronicallyby artistson theirowncomputers.inonlya few mi

30、nutes、 your computer can receive and copy all the picturesand drawings.robert shostak is director of the new computer museum. hesays he startedthemuseumbecause computer artistshad no place to show their work.精品學(xué)習(xí)資料精選學(xué)習(xí)資料 - - - 歡迎下載學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載a computer artistcouldrecordhispictureselectronically and sen

31、d therecords、orfloppydiscs、tootherstosee on their computers.he couldalsoputhispictureson paper、ofcourse. but toprintgood pictureson paper、thecomputerartistneeded an expensive laser printer.robertshostak says the electronicmuseumismainlyforart or computer students in schools and universities. many of

32、 thepictures in the museum are made by the students. mr. shostaksaidthefiu museumwillmakecomputer artmore funforcomputer artists because more people can see it. he says artists enjoytheir work much more if they have an audience. and the greatnumber ofhomecomputersinamerica couldmeana huge audience f

33、or his electronic museum.the main purposeofthistextistogiveinformationabout .a. famous museums throughout the worldb. an electronic art museum in miami、 u.s.a.c. art exhibitions in florida international universityd. latest development in computer art精品學(xué)習(xí)資料精選學(xué)習(xí)資料 - - - 歡迎下載學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載【分析】答案： b；命題意圖：此題主要

34、考查同學(xué)的歸納概括能 力；此題錯選 c.d兩項的同學(xué)較多,緣由為只抓住了文章中的只言片語,而忽視了前兩段文字在文中的作用及貫穿文章始終的museum 一詞；解題方法與技巧：1通讀全文,抓住每段文字的主旨大意, 特別為文章的前兩段； 第一段作者告知我們?nèi)澜缬泻芏嗦劽乃囆g(shù)博物館 ; 其次段主要講 floridainternationaluniversity新開的電腦藝術(shù)博物館； 隨后各段就這家博物館的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者及博物館的運(yùn)作做了說明； 2運(yùn)用排除法,將較具干擾性的c.d 兩項排除掉； c項錯誤在于 art exhibitions; d項中只講電腦藝術(shù)的最新進(jìn)展,與文章 的前兩段無法相符,也沒有呼應(yīng)

35、貫穿文章始終的“art museum”；chumanlanguage isa livingthing.each languagehas itsown biological system、 which makes it different from all otherlanguage. this system must constantly adjust to a new environment and new situation to survive and flourish.whenwe thinkofhumanlanguagethisway、 itisan easy step tosee

36、thewords ofa language as beinglikethecellsofa living organism theyareconstantlyformingand dyingand splittinginto parts as time changes and the language adapts.精品學(xué)習(xí)資料精選學(xué)習(xí)資料 - - - 歡迎下載學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載there are several specific processes by which new words are formed. somewords comeinto the language which sound like what they refer to. wordslike buzz and ding dong are good examples of this process.