(完整版)高中英語語法復(fù)習(xí)《主謂一致》教案

1、主謂一致主謂一致指句子的主語和謂語動詞在人稱和數(shù)的形式上的一致關(guān)系。這種一致關(guān)系通常牽涉到三個不同的基本原則：語法一致原則句子主語和謂語動詞在單復(fù)數(shù)形式上保持一致。意義一致原則句子主語和謂語動詞的一致關(guān)系并非取決于主語的單復(fù)數(shù)形式，而是取決于主語的單復(fù)數(shù)意義。就近原則當(dāng)句子中有若干個并列主語出現(xiàn)，謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式由最靠近它的名詞決定。I. 以 s 結(jié)尾的名詞作主語時的主謂一致II. 集合名詞作主語時的主謂一致III. 并列結(jié)構(gòu)作主語時的主謂一致IV. 表示數(shù)量的名詞短語作主語時的主謂一致V. 一些句型結(jié)構(gòu)的主謂一致（定語從句、存在句、強調(diào)句、名詞性從句、非謂語形式作主語）VI. 其他結(jié)構(gòu)中

2、的主謂一致I. 以s結(jié)尾的名詞作主語時的主謂一致1. 以s結(jié)尾的表示體育活動的名詞作主語2. 以 ics 結(jié)尾的表示學(xué)科的名詞作主語3. 以s結(jié)尾的地理名詞作主語4. 以s結(jié)尾的由兩部分組成的名詞作主語5. * 以 ings 結(jié)尾的動名詞作主語6. 其他以 s 結(jié)尾的名詞II. 集合名詞作主語時的主謂一致集合名詞指的是同一類人或物的集合體，其中有的是復(fù)數(shù)含義，有的是不可數(shù)含義，有的根據(jù)不同的上下文，既可以有復(fù)數(shù)含義，也可以有單數(shù)含義。1. 通常用作復(fù)數(shù)的集合名詞這類名詞包括people, police, cattle, *poultry, *vermin 等。 在它們之后的謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。

3、e.g. The police are in search of the murderer.Cattle provide us with milk and beef.People 解釋為“民族”時為單數(shù)形式，復(fù)數(shù)時詞尾要加s。e.g. There are fifty-six peoples in China.2. 通常用作單數(shù)的集合名詞machinery, equipment, furniture, merchandise, foliage 等。 在它們之后的謂語動詞用單數(shù)形e.g. The merchandise has arrived earlier than expected.All t

4、he machinery here is made in China.3. 既能作復(fù)數(shù)又能做單數(shù)的集合名詞這類名詞作主語時，謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式主要取決于集合名詞在上下文中的具體含義。當(dāng)作主語的集合名詞強調(diào)的是一個整體或組織，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式當(dāng)作主語的集合名詞強調(diào)的是整體中的個體或成員，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。這類詞有：committee, council, association, board, government, family, audience, crowd,class, school, army, flock, herd, village 等。e.g. A committee was

5、 asked to investigate the case. （強調(diào)委員會這一個整體）The committee is composed of quite a few experts and scholars. （ 強調(diào)委員會這個組織）The anti-crime committee meets in the town hall. （ 強調(diào)委員會這個組織）The committee are divided in opinion. （ 強調(diào)委員會中的每個委員）The committee are at dinner. （ 強調(diào)委員會中的每個委員）My family is a big one. （

6、 強調(diào)家庭這一個整體）My family are all diligent workers. （ 強調(diào)家庭中的所有成員）The audience are raising their hands to show their approval. （ 謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式，與their 呼應(yīng)，強調(diào)觀眾中的每個成員）The class consists of 45 students. （強調(diào)班級這個整體）The class are unable to decide a monitor. （這里的 class 強調(diào)班級中的每一個成員）The herd of cows and calves is the h

7、ealthiest the farm has hard. （ 強調(diào)牛群這一整體）The herd of cows and calves are moving towards the barn. （ 強調(diào)牛群中的每一個個體）The village were all against the project. （ 強調(diào)村莊里的村民們）4. 其他：當(dāng)主語是由a committee/ board/ panel of 構(gòu)成的短語，謂語動詞通常用單數(shù)形式。e.g. A committee of three professors is to decide whether he can get the degr

8、ee.A panel of four has been chosen to judge the competition.The board of directions is in charge of the management of the company.III. 并列結(jié)構(gòu)作主語時的主謂一致1. 用 and或 both and 連接的并列主語當(dāng) and 或 both and 連接的并列主語表示的是兩個或兩個以上的人或物，謂語動詞通常用復(fù)數(shù)形式；若所指的只是一個人或物，謂語動詞通常用單數(shù)形式。e.g. Blue and yellow make green.You and I are good

9、 friends.The great scholar and poet is now dead.The great scholar and the poet are now deadThe hammer and sickle was flying from a tall flagpole.Reading and solving equation are entirely different assignments.Egg and milk is a good breakfast. （ 這里的雞蛋和牛奶都指一頓早飯，不可分割）Bread and butter is nutritious. ( 涂

10、有黃油的面包)The candlestick and candle sells for two pounds.即使并列主語的中心詞是單數(shù)，如果表示的意義是復(fù)數(shù)，仍應(yīng)用動詞復(fù)數(shù)。e.g. Secondary and higher education have been made available in this newly-developed area.What I say and think are no business of you.當(dāng) and連接的并列名詞帶有each, every或者 many a 等限定詞時，隨后的動詞常用單數(shù)形式。e.g. Many a man and woman

11、 in this community finds himself or herself in need.Every boy and girl in the class is given a copy of the photo.2. 用 or, either or , neither nor ,以及 not only but also 等連接的并列主語 通常采用就近原則。e.g. My father or my mother is likely to be at home.Either you or he is to blame.Either my father or my mother is

12、coming.Not only Mary but also her brothers were asked to sing some songs.Neither Bill nor his friends were confident of victory.Neither he nor I know the truth.IV 表示數(shù)量的名詞短語作主語1. 表示不定數(shù)量的名詞短語作主語some (of), a lot (of), lots (of), plenty (of), all (of), half (of), the rest (of), the remainder(of), most (

13、of), none (of), heaps, loads of, no 等。我們經(jīng)常根據(jù)意義一致的原則決定謂語動詞的形式。如果這些短語與可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)連用，謂語動詞就用復(fù)數(shù)如果這些短語與不可數(shù)名詞或可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)連用，謂語動詞就用單數(shù)。如果這些數(shù)量詞后面的名詞省略了，我們要根據(jù)其意義判定謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式。e.g. Some (of the desks) are broken.Some (of the furniture) is broken.The rest of us are to continue the work.The rest of the money is stolen.Lots

14、of students want to have a try.Lots of time has been wasted.Half of the lectures deal with the issue of birth control.Half of the lecture deals with the issue of birth control.Most of the students are hard working.Most of it is damaged.No one shows up.No two think alike.如果主語是“分數(shù)/百分數(shù)+of+ 名詞” ，謂語動詞的形式

15、也取決于中心名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式。e.g. Two thirds of the city was destroyed in the war.Thirty-five percent of the doctors were female.a number of + 名詞復(fù)數(shù)表示“許多 ”，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。the number of + 名詞 表示“ . 的數(shù)目” ，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。e.g. A great number of students have entred for the sports meeting.The number of students has doubled in two

16、 years.2. 表示時間和度量的名詞短語通常作為一個整體看待, 謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式e.g. Twenty minutes is too long to wait.Fifty pounds was paid for the coat.Five days is needed to finish the repair work.如果此類名詞短語強調(diào)的是其中的每個個體，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。e.g. There are six silver dollars in each of the pockets.3. 如果做主語的名詞短語由“a portion of, a series of, a pile

17、of, a panel of, a kind of, a sort of,a type of, this kind/sort/type of ”構(gòu)成，無論中心名詞的形式如何，謂語動詞的形式通常都是單數(shù)。e.g. There is a kind of rose in the garden.This kind of peach is very juicy.This kind of strawberries is highly priced.但是如果名詞短語的結(jié)構(gòu)為“復(fù)數(shù)名詞 + of this kind ”，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。e.g. Peaches of this kind are juicy.如

18、果做主語的名詞短語的形式為“these/those kind of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞”,謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。e.g. These kind of peaches are very juicy4. 在“ one in/ out of + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞 ”這一結(jié)構(gòu)后，謂語動詞一般為單數(shù)形式。e.g. One in ten students has failed the exam.One out of twenty was badly hurt.5. 由“ many a + 單數(shù)名詞”或者“more than one + 單數(shù)名詞”組成的名詞短語雖然在意義上是復(fù)數(shù)，但習(xí)慣上謂語動詞用單數(shù)。e.g. Many a

19、way has been tried.More than one game was lostMore than one person has tried to open the door.6. 在由 an average of, a majority of 構(gòu)成的短語中，若中心詞是average 和 majority ， 動詞用單數(shù)；若中心詞是他們后面的復(fù)數(shù)名詞，動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。e.g. An average of 25 persons apply each month.An average of 25 applications a month isn t unusual.A majority o

20、f the town s younger men are moving to the city.A majority of three votes to one was recorded.V. 一些句型結(jié)構(gòu)中的主謂一致1. 定語從句中的主謂一致在“ one of + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞+ 定語從句”結(jié)構(gòu)中，如果關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中做主語，定語從句中的謂語通常用復(fù)數(shù)形式。e.g. This is one of the best films, which have appeared in a long time.在“ the only one of 或者 the one of + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞+ 定語從句”結(jié)構(gòu)

21、中，如果關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中做主語，定語從句的動詞用單數(shù)形式。e.g. This is the only one of the best films that has pleased me.He is the only one of those boys who is willing to accept the task.2. 存在句中的主謂一致 存在句中謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式由靠近它的名詞決定。e.g. There is more grace and less carelessness.There is one pencil-box and three boxes in the bag.3.

22、強調(diào)句中的主謂一致4. 名詞性從句中的主謂一致5. 非謂語形式做主語的主謂一致VI. 其他結(jié)構(gòu)中的主謂一致1. 主語有肯定和否定組合而成時，謂語動詞與肯定主語一致。e.g. Not you but I am to blame.1, not you, am to blameNot he but you are to be fired.You, not he, are to be fired.2. 請注意以下例中動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式Some of the clerks as much as the manager were responsible for the loss. He rather tha

23、n his parents is to blame.My wife, more than anyone else in the family, is anxious to go to the party. The manager with some clerks was working during the whole holidays.The father as well as his children is going to register.Bill together with his sisters was hurt in the accident.The truck along wi

24、th all its goods was destroyed.The barn, in addition to the house, was burned.No one except two boys was late for dinner.主謂一致Choose the right form of the verb to fill in the blanks1. Our school, as well, as the hospital nearby, (was / were) built in the 1930s.2. Nobody (wants/ want) to see that horr

25、ible moves.3. What I say and think (is/ are) no business of yours.4. Many a man (has/ have) come to help us.5. Two weeks (is/ are) enough for us to finish the project.6. Plenty of fruits, milk and vegetables (is needed/ are needed) for health.7. He is one of the speakers who (makes his/ make their)

26、ideas easilyunderstood.8. Ms. Charney is the only one of the teachers who (has/ have) got the new idea.9. The number of people invited (was/ were) fifty, but a number of them (was/ were) absent for various reasons.10. A number of soldiers (has/ have) gathered at the camp gate.11. We each (has/ have)

27、 been given a gift.12. Each of us (has/ have) been given a gift.13. In the living room (is found/ are found) a large sofa and a book shelf.14. Not only I but also Tom and Tiffany (is/are) fond of skiing.15. What he will do (has/ have) nothing to do with me.16. Neither Bill nor his parents (is/ are )

28、surprised at the news.17. Every means (has been tried/ have been tried) but without much result.18. Politics (is/ are) too complicated to analyse.19. The Philippines (lies/ lie) to the south-east of China.20. Enough of the data (has/ have) been collected.21. Two-thirds of the crop (was ruined/ were

29、ruined) in the flood.22. I have been working for the company for a year already. However, none of the money (was passed/ were passed) to me.23. More than one girl (was/ were) missing in this district last week.24. The number of teachers (is/ are) never under 100 in this school.25. Not only he but al

30、so I (am/ is/ are) to answer for the accident.26. All but one (was/ were) here just now.27. Jack as well as his two friends (is/ are) worth teaching.28. Writing stories and articles (is/are) what my father enjoys most.29. Her family (is/are) quite well except that her uncle has been ill.30. Many a m

31、an and many a woman (wishes/wish) that he or she had had bettereducation.31. Every policeman and fireman (was/ were) on alert.32. This glass works (was/were) put up in 1990.33. Neither the magazines nor this book (is/are) allowed to be taken out of thereading-room.34. Dr. Hendrik, together with his

32、wife and daughters, (is/are) to arrive on theevening flight.35. Every book except these two (has/ have) been sold.36. Everybody, men and women, old and young, (enjoys/ enjoy) sports and games.37. Not only you but also Tom (has/ have) made such a mistake.38. The surroundings of his house (is/ are) fa

33、r from clean.39. One pair of scissors (is/ are) not enough for the work.40. Lots of rubbish (is/are) thrown away every day.41. The majority of doctors (believes/ believe) smoking is harmful to health.42. Thirty-five hundred dollars (was/ were) spent in a single night, which (was/ were) unbelievable.

34、43. The scientist and professor (is/are) to attend our meeting.44. The police (is/are) searching everybody at the gate.45. Three fourths of the surface of the lake (is/ are) covered with ice the nextmorning.46. Of the new students, sixty percent (is/are) girls.47. (Is/Are) thirty five minutes enough

35、 for you to get there?48. All that can be done (has/have) been done.49. Anyway, it is you who (has/have) the right to decide.50. Jane is the only one of the few girls that (speaks/ speak) Chinese well.51. Seventy percent of the students here (is/are) from the countryside.52. Three-fourths of the hom

36、ework (has/ have) been finished today.53. Only one third of the desks in the school (has/have) been repaired.54. The total number of the population in China (was/were) 1,100 million on April14, 1989.55. More than 60 percent of world s programmes (is/are) in English.56. Those who (has/have) not hande

37、d in their compositions, please hand them in thisafternoon.57. Jane is one of the best students in her class who (is/are) praised by their teacher.58. The whole class (is/are) listening to teacher attentively.59. The subject of physics (has/ have) always interested him.60. The United States of Ameri

38、ca (is/are) one of the most developed countries in theworld.61. In winter wet clothes (is/are) often hung up near a fire.62. Nobody (is/are) allowed to smoke in the cinema.63. The rest of the magazines (was/ were) sold out within half an hour.64. A large number of the students in our class (is/are)

39、girls.65. The number of students of this school (is/are) not large.66. The League secretary and monitor (was/were) asked to make a speech at themeeting.67. Mary as well as her sisters (studies/study) Chinese in China.68. I, who (am/is/are) your teacher, will try my best to help you with your study.6

40、9. The rich (is/are) not always happy.70. John has two brothers, but either (is/are) out of work now.71. The police (was/were) searching for the murderer everywhere when he suddenlyappeared in a theatre.72. About 40 percent of the population of that country (lives/live) on farm.73. Apples of this ki

41、nd (tastes/taste) good.74. Your trousers (is/are) dirty. You must have them washed.75. The Olympic Games (is/are) held every four years.76. Many a man (has/have) come to help us.77. No one but her parents (knows/know) it.78. He is the only one of the students who (is/are) elected.79. No girl and no

42、boy (is/are) fond of such a dangerous game.80. The results of the examination (shows/show) that you have all made a greatprogress.81. Two yuan (is/are) a reasonable price for this book.82. Each of you (is/are) responsible for the accident.83. You and I (am/is/are) of the same age.84. The manager, as

43、 well as his advisers, (has agreed/ have agreed) to attend theworld fair.85. We have sold many computers of this kind and the rest (is/are) still on sale.86. There (is/are) two cans of oil in the corner of the room.87. Several girls (is/are) going to visit the Museum.88. This kind of apples (is/are)

44、 highly priced.89. One out of them (is/are) badly damaged.90. Mr. Smith, and not I, (am/is/are) chosen to be representative.91. Nobody but Jack and John (was/were) in the lab yesterday.92. Both bread and butter (was/ were) sold out in that shop93. Bread and butter (is/are) what they usually have for

45、 breakfast.94. At the bus stop (was/were) a soldier and two young women on their way toNorth Carblina.歷年高考題1. Not only I but also Jane and Mary tired of having one examination after another.A. isB.areC.amD. be2. A library with five thousand books to the nation as a gift.A. is offeredB.has offeredC.a

46、re offeredD. have offered3. When and where to build the new factory yet.A. is not decidedB.are not decidedC. has not decidedD. have not decided4. The number of peopleinvited fifty, but a number of them absentfor different reasons.A. were, wasB. was, was, C. was, wereD. were, were5. Either you or the

47、 headmaster the prizes to these gifted students at the meeting.A. is handing outB. are to hand out C. are handing out D. is to hand out6. Email, as well as telephones, an important part in daily communication.A. is playingB. have played C. are playingD. play7. Every possible means to prevent the air

48、 pollution, but the sky is still not clear.A. is usedB. are usedC. has been used D. have been used8. of the land in that district covered with trees and grass.A. Two fifth, isB. Two fifth, areC. Two fifths, isD. Two fifths, are9. As a result of destroying the forest, a large of desert covered the land.A. number, hasB. quantity, hasC. number, haveD. quantity, have10. He is