法律英語之合同的效力

1、Contract Law -the validity of contract小組成員：李泳欣郭昌妮耿迎曉陳晨The Contract is an agreement that parties or between both parties establish, change or terminate their civil relationship.合同是當(dāng)事人或當(dāng)事雙方之間設(shè)立、變更、合同是當(dāng)事人或當(dāng)事雙方之間設(shè)立、變更、終止民事關(guān)系的協(xié)議終止民事關(guān)系的協(xié)議。 Definition of contract 合同的定義合同的定義The validity of the contract, ref

2、ers to the legally binding contract has been established between the parties, that the force of law. The validity of the contract is binding law established in accordance with the law of contract. The validity of the contract can be divided into four categories, that is a valid contract ,invalid con

3、tract ,the effectiveness pending contract , Voidable Contract.合同效力，指已經(jīng)成立的合同在當(dāng)事人之間產(chǎn)生的法律拘束力，即法律效力。合同效力合同效力，指已經(jīng)成立的合同在當(dāng)事人之間產(chǎn)生的法律拘束力，即法律效力。合同效力是法律賦予依法成立的合同所產(chǎn)生的約束力。合同的效力可分為四大類，即有效合同，是法律賦予依法成立的合同所產(chǎn)生的約束力。合同的效力可分為四大類，即有效合同，無效合同，效力待定合同，可變更、可撤銷合同。無效合同，效力待定合同，可變更、可撤銷合同。the validity of contract 合同的效力合同的效力What is

4、 a Valid Contract?A Valid contract is a agreement between two parties, which may be evidenced by writing, words or action.有效的合同是當(dāng)事人達(dá)成的(legally binding)的協(xié)議，可以書面(writing)、口頭(words)或行為(action)進(jìn)行證明。 The Validity of a Contract 合同的有效性合同的有效性1)the actor has relevant capacity for civil conduct;(2)the intenti

5、on expressed is genuine; (3)the act does not violate the law or the public interest. 根據(jù)根據(jù)民法通則民法通則第第55條對條對“民事法律行為民事法律行為”所規(guī)定的條件來看，主要應(yīng)所規(guī)定的條件來看，主要應(yīng)具有以下條件：具有以下條件：1、行為人具有相應(yīng)的民事行為能力；、行為人具有相應(yīng)的民事行為能力；2、意思表示真實(shí)；、意思表示真實(shí)；3、不違反法律或者社會公共利益。不違反法律或者社會公共利益。 無效合同無效合同(Void Contract)Article 52 A contract shall be null and

6、 void under any of the following circumstances:(1) a contract is concluded through the use of fraud or coercion by one party to damage the interests of the State;(2) malicious collusion is conducted to damage the interests of the State, a collective or a third party;(3) an illegitimate purpose is co

7、ncealed under the guise of legitimate acts;(4)damaging the public interests;(5) violating the compulsory provisions of laws and administrative regulations. 第五十二條第五十二條【合同無效的法定情形】有下列情形之一的，合同無效：（一）一方以欺詐、脅迫的手段訂立合同，損害國家利益；（二）惡意串通，損害國家、集體或者第三人利益；（三）以合法形式掩蓋非法目的；（四）損害社會公共利益；（五）違反法律、行政法規(guī)的強(qiáng)制性規(guī)定。 The following

8、 exception clauses in a contract shall be null and void: (1)those that cause personal injury to the other party;(2) those that cause property damages to the other party as result of deliberate intent or gross negligence. （一）造成對方人身傷害的；（一）造成對方人身傷害的；（二）因故意或者重大過失造成對方財(cái)產(chǎn)損失的。（二）因故意或者重大過失造成對方財(cái)產(chǎn)損失的。 合同免責(zé)條款的無

9、效the effectiveness pending contract效力待定合同效力待定合同The so-called the effectiveness pending contract, refers to that the contract has been established, but its not in full compliance with the provisions of the law of the effective elements, so its occurrence effectiveness or not is yet to be determined,

10、the general said that subject to the right to admit or ratified to take effect.所謂效力待定的合同，是指合同雖然已經(jīng)成立，但因其不完全符合法律有關(guān)生效要件的規(guī)定，因此其發(fā)生效力與否尚未確定，一般須經(jīng)有權(quán)人表示承認(rèn)或追認(rèn)才能生效。(1) A contract concluded by a person with limited civil capacity or without civil capacity(2) A contract concluded by an actor who has no power of

11、agency (3)A contract concluded by an actor who has no disposition一一是是無行為能力人無行為能力人訂立的和訂立的和限制行為能力人限制行為能力人依法不能獨(dú)立訂立的合同，必須經(jīng)其依法不能獨(dú)立訂立的合同，必須經(jīng)其法定法定代理人代理人的承認(rèn)才能生效；的承認(rèn)才能生效；二二是無權(quán)代理人以本人是無權(quán)代理人以本人名義名義訂立的合同，必須經(jīng)過本訂立的合同，必須經(jīng)過本人追認(rèn)，才能對本人產(chǎn)生法律拘束力；人追認(rèn)，才能對本人產(chǎn)生法律拘束力；三三是無處分權(quán)人處分他人是無處分權(quán)人處分他人財(cái)產(chǎn)財(cái)產(chǎn)權(quán)利而訂立的權(quán)利而訂立的合同，未經(jīng)合同，未經(jīng)權(quán)利人權(quán)利人追認(rèn)，合同

12、無效。追認(rèn)，合同無效。 Voidable Contract ,refers to that the parties in the process of entering into the contract, because the intention is untrue, or for a major misunderstanding in order to make the wrong meaning, in accordance with the provisions of the law may be revoked shall.Voidable Contracts可撤銷合同可撤銷合同可

13、撤銷合同，是指當(dāng)事人在訂立合同的過程中，由于意可撤銷合同，是指當(dāng)事人在訂立合同的過程中，由于意思表示不真實(shí)，或者是出于重大誤解從而作出錯誤的意思表示不真實(shí)，或者是出于重大誤解從而作出錯誤的意思表示，依照法律的規(guī)定可予以撤銷的合同。思表示，依照法律的規(guī)定可予以撤銷的合同。(1)those concluded as a result of significant misconception;(2)those that are obviously unfair at the time when concluding the contract.(3)those concluded by one par

14、ty against the other partys true intentions through the use of fraud, coercion, or exploitation of the other partys unfavorable position （一）因重大誤解訂立的；（一）因重大誤解訂立的；（二）在訂立合同時(shí)顯失公平的。（二）在訂立合同時(shí)顯失公平的。（三）欺詐、脅迫的手段或者乘人之危（三）欺詐、脅迫的手段或者乘人之危 The property acquired as a result of a contract shall be returned after the contract is confirmed to be null and void or has been revoked; where the property can not be returned or the return is unnecessary, it shall be reimbursed at its estimated price. The party at fault shall compensate the other party for losses incurred as a result therefrom. If both par