簡單句語法指導(dǎo)老師版(10份)MicrosoftWord文檔

1、簡單句語法指導(dǎo)英語句子按照結(jié)構(gòu)可分為：簡單句、并列句和復(fù)合句。簡單句：只有一個(gè)主語和一個(gè)謂語構(gòu)成的句子叫做簡單句。簡單句可以分為四類：陳述句、疑問句、祈使旬和感嘆旬。下面分析這四種類型的句了。并列句：含冇兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的獨(dú)立分旬的旬了叫并列句。并列旬不能只用逗號(hào)分隔，要用分號(hào)“；” 或逗號(hào)加并列連詞連接。復(fù)合句：復(fù)合句是由一個(gè)主句加一個(gè)或幾個(gè)從句構(gòu)成的句了。從句只能用作句了的一個(gè)成分，不能獨(dú) 立。根據(jù)從句在句子中的作用，可以分為名詞性從句，副詞性從句（狀語從句）和兄容此行 從句（定語從句）三類。:陳述句：肯定式結(jié)構(gòu)為謂語動(dòng)詞由be動(dòng)詞、實(shí)義動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成；： 否定式結(jié)構(gòu)為“be動(dòng)詞/實(shí)義動(dòng)

2、詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+not”they have already visited the museum they haven't visited the museum yet.:she wants to go shopping, too. she doesn't want to go shopping, either.1使用否定結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)注意的問題：；（1）肯定句中的al read y和too在變否定句時(shí)，要分別改為yet和either；（2） 除not外，具他否定詞也可構(gòu)成否定句。；not.at all 一點(diǎn)也不not any more 不再never 從不；few/little兒乎沒有

3、hardly兒乎不:（3） 當(dāng)句子中含有某些動(dòng)詞（think,believe,expect,suppose等）吋，往往將意義上屬于從句的:否定轉(zhuǎn)移到主句中。（否定前移）:i don't think there is any quick answer to the question.我認(rèn)為這個(gè)問題不能很快就給出答案。:i don't believe such little animals can eat so many insects.j我認(rèn)為這么小的動(dòng)物吃不了這么多昆蟲。注意：英語中的部分否定以及全部否定部分否定全部肯定allnot; notallnonenot both; b

4、oth.notneithernot every. ;every .notno+n.not always.never例句翻譯：not all birds can fly. =a11 birds can not fly.不是所有的勺都會(huì)飛both of the two math problems are not very difficult. =not both of the two math problems are very difficult. 并作兩道數(shù)學(xué)題都難。not every book is educative. =every book is not educative 不是每本書都

5、有教育意義的。he is not always so sad.他-并不是一肓都這樣悲傷。none of us was allowed to go there.我們?nèi)疾蛔屓ツ秦痠! 將下列句子變成全部否定：all of them can do it.a none of them can do it both are go neither is goodeverybody knows it. nobody knows it.he is always late. he is never late.疑問句:疑問句用以提出問題。按結(jié)構(gòu)可分為一般疑問句、特殊疑問句、反義疑問句和選擇疑問句。1. 一般疑問

6、句常用“yes”或者“no”來回答。構(gòu)成：“be動(dòng)詞+主語+表語.”或“助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+主語+謂語結(jié)構(gòu)來表達(dá)。are they from france? yes, they are./no, they aren't did she write this letter? no, she didnt/yes, she didcan you tell me the way to the station? yes, i can./no, i caivt2. 否定疑問句構(gòu)成：“be動(dòng)詞/助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+not+主語？”won't you have a cup of tea?（提出建議

7、）haven，t you read the newspaper?（表示驚界） 注意：對(duì)于否定形式的一般疑問句的回答要根據(jù)事實(shí)情況判斷不要翻譯成中文?？隙▋沾鹩谩皔es+肯定簡略句”否定i川答用“no+否定簡略句”（2）反義疑問旬的回答：反義疑問句般用yes或no冋答，但要注意吋態(tài)及人稱代訶的呼應(yīng)。 特別注意在“前否后肯”的句子，要根據(jù)事實(shí)情況回答.eg.he isn't a doctor, is he?yes, he is. /no, he isn5t.eg.he's a doctor, isrf t he?yes, he is. /no, he isn't.（3）反義

8、疑問句的注意事項(xiàng):a. 句了屮含have的反義疑問句( he has had something to eat, hasnt he?he had a shower, didns he?he doesnt have much money, does he?she had studied a few english songs by the end of last month, hadif t she?they had to leave early, didn't they?j we have to get up at four tomorrow, donl wc?陳述部分的謂語動(dòng)詞是ha

9、ve/has to，表示“不得不s反意部分的謂語動(dòng)詞常用do的適當(dāng)形式b. 陳述部分是there be結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，附加問句仍用there.there was a lot of traffic, wasn't there?c.陳述部分為肯定祈使句時(shí)，附加問句用will you或won't you. 陳述部分為否定祈使句吋，附加問句用will you.陳述部分是以let me/us開頭的祈使句時(shí)，附加問彳j用will you. .陳述部分是以let's開頭的祈使句時(shí)，附加問句用shall we.look at the blackboard, will /worft you?do

10、nt make any noise, will you?let us wait for you in the reading room, will you?let's go to the cinema, shall we?c. 陳述部分帶冇no,never,hardly,seldom,hardly,few,little等否定詞時(shí)，附加問句用肯定形式。若 是帶有否定詞綴的派生詞，如dislike,useless,unable,helpless等，則附加問句根據(jù)謂語動(dòng)詞而 定。they hardly watch tv on school nights, do they? he is nev

11、er late for school, is he?it is impossible to forget the past, isn9t it?it's unfair, isn't it?d. 陳述部分是主從復(fù)合句時(shí)，附加問句通常與主句一致。；主意：若陳述部分主句的主語為第一人稱，謂語動(dòng)詞為think, believe, suppose等后接賓語從句時(shí)，附加問句部分與賓語從句一致，r注意從旬中的否定轉(zhuǎn)移現(xiàn)象。r they all think that chinese is very important, don't they?he said he would come

12、here the next day, didn't he?| we believe she can do it better, can" she?.i don't think he likes playing football, does he?e. 陳述部分的主語是指人的不定代詞no one,cvcryonc,somconc,everybody等，強(qiáng)調(diào)全部時(shí)， 其附加問句的主語用they;強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)體時(shí)，附加問句的主語用he.everyone knows the answer, don't they?人人都知道答案，是這樣吧？（強(qiáng)調(diào)整體） someone is

13、expecting you, isn't he?冇人在等你，是不是？（強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)體）f. 陳述部分的主語是指物的不定代詞everything,anything,something,nothing等時(shí)，附加問句 的主語用it.everything goes well with you, doesn it?你一切順利，是吧？ nothing happened to him, did it?他沒有遇上什么事，對(duì)嗎? 注意；these, those作主語時(shí)，附加問句耍用they.these are not books, are they?g. 感嘆句的反義疑問句what a funny man,

14、isn't he?how cool the weather, isn't it?how fast he runs, doesn't he?how interesting the books aren't they?5.選擇疑問句選擇疑問句時(shí)丿u or連接詢問的兩部分，以供選擇，答案必須是完整的句了或其省略式, 不能用yes或nodo you go to work by bus or by bike?-i go to work by bus. (by bus)祈使句祈使句用來表達(dá)請(qǐng)求、命令、勸告等語氣。祈使句的謂語動(dòng)詞沒有時(shí)態(tài)、數(shù)的變化。1. 第二人稱作主語的祈使

15、句用動(dòng)詞原形開頭。get up quickly, or you will be late for school.please come and meet my family.第一、三人稱作主語的祈使句通常以le(開頭，否定形式在動(dòng)詞原形前加not.let us have another try.let's not say anything about it.2. 祈使句的否定形式祈使句的否定形式般在句首加don't,有時(shí)也可用neve匚don" eat in the classroom.never judge a person by looks在i叫答具有否定意義的祈

16、使句時(shí),要注意分析上下文語境屮所提供的條件.仞j: don' t go outplease.it' s raining heavily outside> yes, i will. i have to meet my brother at the airport 不行，我得公機(jī)場接我弟弟.感嘆句一般用what或how引導(dǎo)。what修飾名詞；how修飾形容詞、副詞、或句子1. what引導(dǎo)的感嘆句 jwhat+a/an+形容詞+單可數(shù)名詞（+主語+謂語）！what+名詞性詞組1lwhat+形容詞+不可數(shù)名詞/復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞（+主語+謂語）r don't wait for

17、 people to be friendly, show them what a friendly person you are.:j不要等待別人對(duì)你友好，讓他們了解你是多么友好的人。: i what interesting books you've bought us.；2. how引導(dǎo)的感嘆句:rhow+形容詞/副詞（+ 主語+謂語）！how clever the girl is!:j how+形容詞+a/an+單數(shù)"j數(shù)名詞（+主語+謂語）how clever a boy he is!:how+主語+謂語how time flies!j:3.兩種感嘆句的互換'h

18、ow+形容詞+a/an+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞（+主語+謂語）”形式的感嘆句可以與:"what+a/an+形容詞+單可數(shù)名詞（+主語+謂語）！”形式的感嘆句互換，且意義不變。:how long a way it is from beijing to new york!:=what a long way it is from beijing to new york.（注意兩種感嘆句互換時(shí)冠詞的位置變化）:把下列各句改成感嘆句：；1 they are very beautiful flowers:what beautiful flowers they are! how beautiful the

19、flowers are!；2. the woman is very kind!how kind the woman is! what a kind woman!:3. we're having a fine daywhat a fine day we're having!4. peter jumps high!how high peter jumps!5. he writes english well. how well he writes english!并列句含有兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的獨(dú)立分局的句子叫并列句。并列句不能只用逗號(hào)分隔，要用分號(hào)“；”或逗號(hào)加并列連詞連接。常用的單個(gè)詞

20、的并列連詞有and ;but; or; so等單個(gè)詞的并列連詞用法：1由“and”連接表示平行關(guān)系。意為“和”“而且”。we are here anyway, and that's lucky.我們總算到 了，而且運(yùn)氣不錯(cuò)。2. 由“but”連接,表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。意為“但是”they see the trees but not the forest.他們只見樹木，不見森林。there will still be difficulties, but we can manage.困難仍然會(huì)有，但是我們"j以設(shè)法解決。3. 由oi連接，表示選擇。意為“或者，否則”the sea ca

21、n be blue or green or grey.海冇時(shí)候會(huì)是監(jiān)色，或者綠色，或者灰色。3. do you want to have a bath at once, or shall i have mine first?你想馬上洗澡,或者我 先洗？山so連接，表示推理。意為“因此，所以”the play began at eight, so we must have dinner at seven.常用的由詞組構(gòu)成的并列連詞both a and b； not only a but also b ； either a or b ； neither a norb由詞組構(gòu)成的并列連詞的用法：1.

22、 由“bothaandb”連接，意為“a和b” a和b可以是兩個(gè)名詞、形容詞、介詞短語、或動(dòng)詞。both the teacher and my classmates were very pleased with my answer.she is famous both for her kindness and for her understanding.她出了名的好心眼和善解人意。2. 由 not only a but also b “連接，意為“不但 a 而 feb”she is not only a teacher but also a writer.not only the teache

23、r but also the students are invited.（謂語動(dòng)詞就近原則）3. 由“either aorb”連接，意為“或者a或者b”you can either take your father or your mother to the party.either you or i am wrong.（謂語動(dòng)詞就近原則）4. 由“neithej.nor. ”連接，具有否定的含義，意為“既不.乂不.”neither tom nor the twins like to play football.（謂語動(dòng)詞就近原則）my father neither drinks nor sm

24、okes.;倒裝句j英語句子的自然順序是主語在前，謂語在后。把謂語動(dòng)詞放在主語之前就叫倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。;如果全部謂語放在主語之前，就叫全部倒裝；;如果只把助動(dòng)詞，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或be動(dòng)詞放在主語之前就叫做部分倒裝。;部分倒裝:(1)0nly在句首，修飾副詞，介詞詞組成狀語從句時(shí)。a. only the n did he find it imports nt to get along with others.；b only in this way can we make great progress:c. only after he came back were you able to see him.:注

25、意：句首的only,(包括連詞not only.but also)只修飾(或連接)主語部分，則不引:起倒裝。only he can answer the question.:(2)當(dāng)句首狀語為否定詞或帶有否定含義的詞語時(shí)，常見的這類詞或詞語有not, never,； hardly, seldom, hardly,等a. seldom had i seen such a beautiful picture.b hardly had i arrived home when the phone rang.c.not until i began to work did i realize how mu

26、ch time i had wasted；(3)當(dāng)not only-but also位于句首引出句子時(shí),not only后的句子通常用部分倒裝形式。如：:not only is he a teacher, but he is also a poet.not only did he speak more correctly, but he spoke more easilyj (4)當(dāng)so位于句首，表示前面所說的情況也適用于另一人(或物)時(shí)。i trusted him completely. so would anyone who know him.：(5)當(dāng)neither位于句首，表示前面否定

27、的內(nèi)容也適用于另一人或物吋；或者表示否定的意 j 義在延伸的時(shí)候。a. “i didn't mean what i said, you know.”j “neither (nor) did i”.b i don't know. neither (nor) do i care.完全倒裝在以here、there、now、then等副詞開頭的句子里。1 here comes the train.2. there goes the bell3. now comes your turn.4. then followed three days of heavy rain.(2)當(dāng)表示地點(diǎn)的

28、介詞詞組在句首時(shí)。1 at the foot of the hill lies a beautiful lake.2. the soldiers ran to the building, on the top of which flew a flag.3. east of the lake lie two towns4. under the tree was lying a wounded soldie匚簡單句練習(xí)題目單選：al. ben was busy taking a training class, we had to wait for him for half an hour.a. s

29、ob. if c. or d. buta2. we should give the boy another chancehe has made some mistakes.a. though b. when c unless d becausea3.where are you going for the coming winter camp?1 won' t decide on the placethe end of this month.a. until b. unless c. though d. throughd4. tell us something about canada,

30、 ok?r m sorry.jacki have ever been there.a. either; orb. not only; but also c. both; andd. neither; norb5. ould we go and watch the football game?no,you have the tickets.a if b. unless c. because d. sincea6. there are no buses,you" 11 have to walk.a. so b. or c. but d. ford7. wc can easily beco

31、me unhappywc work out our problems in our daily life.a. after b. if c. until d. unlessd8.what was your brother doing at this time yesterday?he was reading a magazinei was writing an e-mail at homea. as soon as b. after c until d. whileb9. e-mail is very popular today. people hardly post letters,?a.

32、did theyb. do they c. didn't theyd. don't theycio.buy your ticket from a ticket machine there are lots of people therea. notb. not toc. don'td. don't toall.bad weather it is! it's rainy for two weeks a. what b. what ac. howd. how ad12.peter doesn't know many people here.a. so

33、 do i b. so am ic. neither am id. neither do id13.you look.what's wrong?my son hurt his leg this morning.a. happyb.finec.surprisedd. worriedcl4. my grandfather is very old,he never stops learning.a. thanb.thoughc. butd.unlessai5.what are you looking for?fm looking for the bookyou lent me yesterd

34、ay.a. thatb.whoc. whosed. whomd16 excuse me, could you tell meit will leave at 4;00 pm. a. how will you go shanghai c.when will the bus leave for shanghai d17.do you like summer or winter?i really like the snow. a.yes, i dob.no, i don'ta1 & up, annat，s seven thirty.one more minute, mum.a.get

35、b.getsc.gettingb how you will go to shanghaid.when the bus will leave for shanghaic.summerd.winterd.gotc19have you heard of zhang lily? she was seriously hurt in an accident in order to saveone of her students.goodteacher!c. what a d. what ana. howb.whata2() i cantt play the piano, anda. neither can

36、 my sisterb. my sister can't, tooc. so can't my sisterd.can my sister, eitherc2i. i don't think the newly -directed film by zhao wei is as interesting as people say,?a. do youb.isn't itc.is itd.dont youc22.do you know who took the students to the old peopled home, tony?well, mr.smith

37、.a. took b. doesc.didd.doc23.fun it is to have ice cream in hot summer!a. what a b. howc. whatd. how ac24.call me wang wang! it my dog's name.a. not b.no c.don'ta25.how are you going to be a basketball player? ievery day.a. am going to practice basketballb. am going to study mathc. am going

38、to take acting lessonsd. am going to study computer sciencec26sam didn't go to school yesterday, did he?.he was ill yesterdaya. yes,he didb. no,he did c. no, he didn'td.yes ,he didn'tb27.don, forget to give my best wishes to your uncle.a. no, i donl b.noj won" c.yesj dod.yesj wouldb

39、28.would you like to go to the amusement park?if jack docs,.a. i go,toob. so will i c. neither will i d.so do ia29.jim,read books while you are walking in the street. lt9s very dangerous.ok.thank you.a. dontb. docsiftc. wontd. canta30.a beautiful car! fvc never seen it beforea. whatb. which .howd.wh

40、etherc31.?fm looking for a pair of glasses for my grandson.a. how is it goingb.who's that speaking?c.what can i do for youa32. -ifs father's day,?yes. let's buy a gift for dad.a. isn't itb.doesn5t itc.isnt hed. doesn9t hed33.reat picture! who painted it?a. howb.whatc.how ad.what aa34.out your love.the world will be a nice place to live in.a speakb.to speakc.spoked. speakingb35.peter has made great progress in math recently.,and so have you .a. so he docs b.so he has c.so has he d.so docs hea36.excuse me. is ther