LOI采購(gòu)意向書格式

1、LOI米購(gòu)意向書格式LETTER OF INTENT (LOI)We, hereby that we are ready willi ng and able un der theact of perjury to purchase the followi ng commodity as specified below and that funding is available.PRODUCT:SPECIFICATIONS:QUANTITY:DESTINATION PORT:DELIVERY TERMS:SIZE OF SHIPMENT:PACKING:DISCHARGE RATE IN POR

2、T DESTINATION:TERMS OF PAYMENT:PERFORMANCE BOND:BANK COORDINATES:TARGET PRICE:COMPANY DETAILS網(wǎng)站首銷售中熱門新圖書暢銷特價(jià)書精彩評(píng)圖書分五星圖書專題中團(tuán)購(gòu)精彩章節(jié)欣索？消費(fèi)維權(quán)?|?勞動(dòng)合同？|?司法考試?|?公司上市？英文合同解讀：語(yǔ)用、條款及文本范例? ?l n?view?of?all?this,we?are?maki ng?a?bi ndi ng?agreeme nt,?putti ng?it? in ?writ in g,?a nd?our?leaders未人，和祭司都簽了名。？ ？?（尼西米

3、記9:38,圣經(jīng)新國(guó)際版）？ ？?第一章英文合同概述？ ?Understa，如契據(jù)、房契等。古代典籍中常見此語(yǔ)，如易系辭就有“后時(shí)圣人易之以書契”。“約”者即共同商定的 。諾亞方舟就是借上帝與諾亞的契約而建造的。But?with?thee?will?l?establish?my?cove nan t;?a nd?thou?shalt?當(dāng)于漢語(yǔ)中的汝，爾，你。thy則是thou的所有格形式。shalt為古英語(yǔ)用法，相當(dāng)于現(xiàn)代英語(yǔ)中的shall。? （但，協(xié)議一般稱為agreeme nt。那么con tract和agreeme nt是一回事嗎它們之間又有什么關(guān)系呢中華人民共和國(guó)民 te?their

4、?civil?relationship. ）中華人民共和國(guó)合同法第 2條規(guī)定：“合同是平等主體的自然人、法人、其他?orga nizatio ns?for?the?purpose?of?establishi ng,?alteri ng?a nd?termi nati ng?mutual?civil?rights?a nd?obl for?breach?of?which?the?law?gives?a?remedy,?or?the?performa nce?of?which?the?law?i n?some?way?recog niz 編著的Law?Dictio nary完全引述。但一般而言，c

5、on tract乃兩個(gè)以上當(dāng)事人間具有法律約束力之協(xié)議，或由一個(gè)以 e?party?or?more.See?G.?C.?Lindsay,?Contract,?3rd?Ed.?1992）。這一表述在 L.B.?Curzon 編撰的 Dictionary?of“合同”就是“ an?agreement?between?two?parties?by?which?both?are?bound?in?law?and?which?can?therefor 8th?Ed.）中對(duì) con tract?的定義多達(dá) 8 項(xiàng)： ？（ 1）An? agreeme nt?two?or?more?parties?creat

6、i ng?obligatio ns ach?of?which?the?law?gives?a?remedy,?or?the?performa nce?of?which?the?law?i n?some?way?recog nizes?as?a t;?esp.,?a?duty?created?by?a?decree?or?declaration?of?a?court;?（5）The?body?of?law?dealing?with?agent?between?two?or?more?parties?to?do?or?not?to?do?a?thing?or?a?set?of?things;?a?

7、compact.?至于 agrne?or?to?be?done. ” （是對(duì)已做和待做的有關(guān)事宜以口頭或書面形式做出的相同意思表示或該意思表示的證據(jù)。） ligati on s?regardi ng?past?or?future?performa nces;?a?ma ni festatio n?o f?mutual?asse nt?by?two?or?more?per r?la nguage?or?by?implicatio n? from?other?circumsta nces,?i ncludi ng?course?of?deali ng,?usage?of?trade?a n 能相互

8、替換呢讓我們來看看英文合同相關(guān)書籍和詞典的說法。？?Chris?Turner在其編撰的Contract?Law中將合同于要約與承諾形成對(duì)條款的相互一致而存在；）（2）Con sideratio n give n?by?both?sides,?the?quid?pro?quo拉n? to?create?legal?relati onssin ce?a?c on tract?is?legally?e nforceable,? un like?mere?gratuitous?promises在英語(yǔ)法律用語(yǔ)中雖然多用 agreeme nt來解釋con tract，其實(shí)也有偶用con tract解釋ag

9、reeme nt的情形，如：A ake,?you?ca n?get?out?of?the?agreeme nt?if?the?mistake?is?importa nt.What?Should?l?K no w?About?C on tracts 協(xié)議，但是并非每一份協(xié)議均構(gòu)成一份合同”。（Every?co ntract?is?a n?agreeme nt,?but? not?every?agreeme nt?its?colloquial?sense,?the?term?“agreement” ?would?include?any?arrangement?between?two?or?more

10、?perso英語(yǔ)的法律用語(yǔ)往往不很嚴(yán)格，多用agreeme nt解釋con tract,?但也有用con tract解釋agreeme nt的情形,?雖說大 有區(qū)別的：？1從成立的宗旨上看，協(xié)議十分寬泛，不囿于為了當(dāng)事人間形成法律或其他關(guān)系，即便是為影響當(dāng)觀。實(shí)踐中往往合作方就某一項(xiàng)目達(dá)成協(xié)議對(duì)有關(guān)原則問題做出約定，然后在此基礎(chǔ)上簽訂合同，再全面明確各項(xiàng)具 解成若干個(gè)具體的合同。？?4從書寫格式上看，合同已基本格式化了，大家可以看到許多的合同模板；而協(xié)議的?一份英文法律文件到底是不是英文合同,?就要看它的內(nèi)容是否符合合同的要求。一般而言，合同不外乎包括人、事 以何面目出現(xiàn)的。常見的英文合同名稱

11、可分為以下四大類：？?一、合同、協(xié)議（Contract，Agreement）?文件:tracts ）;供用電、水、氣、熱力合同（Contracts?for?Supply?of?Power,?Water,?Gas?and?Heat ）;贈(zèng)與合同（ 程合同 Con structio n?Project?Co ntracts）;運(yùn)輸合同（Con tracts?of?Carriage ）;技術(shù)合同（Tech no logy?CorBrokerage?Co ntracts )等十五大類。？?常見的協(xié)議有委托代理協(xié)議(Age ncy?Agreeme nt)、合伙協(xié)議(Part neEmployment?A

12、greeme)等。？?二、意向書(Letter?of?lntent)?有的文件名稱標(biāo)為“ Letter?of?lntent”錄”)。另外，也有標(biāo)為“ Minute?of?Talks ” (會(huì)談紀(jì)要的文件。？?這些法律文件往往是當(dāng)事人雙方在商洽合作 有形成正式的合同或協(xié)議之前就直接依據(jù)這些準(zhǔn)合同文件進(jìn)行實(shí)質(zhì)性合作，從而賦予這些文件合同或協(xié)議的性質(zhì)。雙方達(dá)成的合同或者協(xié)議。？?三、契約(Cove nan t,?I nde nture,?Deed,?Compact ，Protocol ) ?Cove nant 主要指s?herein?contained,?the?parties?hereto?agr

13、ee?as?follows.?lndenture 為契約、契據(jù)，corporate?indentu要求。?Compact多用于國(guó)家間的協(xié)議、協(xié)定。例如，聯(lián)合國(guó)的全球協(xié)定( Global?Compact )。 ？?Protocol 。如我們耳熟能詳?shù)闹袊?guó)加入世界貿(mào)易組織的議定書(Protocol?o n?the?Accessio n?of?Chi na)。？四、其他Waiver” (棄權(quán)書)、“ Guaranty ” (保證書)和“ Power?of?Attorney ” (委托書)等簡(jiǎn)單明確的字眼作為合同的 束力。？?本書撰寫的方式，是針對(duì)名稱為“ Agreeme nt” (狹義)或“ Con

14、 tract ”類型的合同文件做閱讀方法的說明 ?Features?of?E nglish?Co ntracts? ?Form?follows?fu nctio n.? ?(motto?of?the?Bauhaus?school?of?a日常語(yǔ)言，具有顯著的特點(diǎn)。首先，句子冗長(zhǎng)而且復(fù)雜，似乎總也找不到句號(hào)，用詞偏僻，晦澀難讀，不易理解。其 閱讀者除了語(yǔ)言本身的能力外，對(duì)于法律，尤其是英美法應(yīng)具備一定的了解。毋庸多言，需要相應(yīng)的專業(yè)知識(shí)，這 等所謂的官樣文章(gobbledygook )的直白化，以便普通民眾明白易懂。(直白英語(yǔ)運(yùn)動(dòng)組織)所遇到的最長(zhǎng)的英 sura nee, ?in terest

15、,?or?the?a nnu al?charge?described?elsewhere?here in,?o r?shall?default? in? the?performa ?purchase?price,?with?accrued? in terest,?taxes,?a nd?a nnu al?charge,?a nd?dema nd?full?payme nt?thereof,?a eller?for?reaso nable?attorneys?fees?for?services?re ndered?by?a ny?attorney?o n? behalf?of?the?Selle

16、r,such?public? notice?as?the?Seller?may?deem?best?for?the?i nterest?of?all?co ncerned,?co nsisti ng?of?adve eeks?or?for?such?period?as? applicable?law?may?require?a nd,?i n? case?of?default?of?a ny?purchaser,?to?r the?terms?of?sale,?a nd?up on ?judicial?approval?as?may?be?required?by?law,?c onv ey?s

17、aid?la nd?a nd?premis sale:FIRST, ?to?pay?all?proper?costs?and?charges,?including?but?not?limited?to?court?costs,?advertisi?attor neys?fee,?a nd?all?other?expe nses?of?sale?occurred? in?an d?about?the?protecti on?an d?executio n?an d?premises?at?time?of?sale,?a nd?to?reta in? as?compe nsati on? a?co

18、mmissi on?o f?five?perce nt?(5%)? on? the en t,?whether?the?same?shall?be?due?or? not,?it?be in g?u nderstood?a nd?agreed?that?upo n?such?sale?before ?their?priority?of?lie n?a nd?to?the?exte nt?that?fu nds?remai nin g?i n?the?ha nds?of?the?Seller?are?availa n d?surre nder?to?the?ve ndee?of?possessi

19、 on?o f?the?la nd?a nd?premises,?less?costs?a nd?excess?of?obta inin 法(Un fair?Terms?i n? Co nsumer?Co ntracts?Regulatio ns)也要求消費(fèi)者合同的術(shù)語(yǔ)必須用直白明了的語(yǔ)言( plain?在美國(guó)，紐約州率先頒行直白語(yǔ)言法要求消費(fèi)者合同(包括房屋租賃合同)的語(yǔ)言“clear?and?coherent ”，其?盡管如此，Law?Dictionary 的作者Steven?H.?Gifts先生在該詞典的前言還是感嘆道：“ .the?special?lan authorized?prac

20、tice?of?the?law,?it?may?be?regarded?as?a?virtue.”大意是說，法律專業(yè)語(yǔ)言對(duì)律師以外的人系的非英語(yǔ)國(guó)家，面對(duì)加入WTC后全球經(jīng)濟(jì)一體化的嚴(yán)峻挑戰(zhàn)，中國(guó)應(yīng)該怎樣應(yīng)對(duì)各類國(guó)際交往和國(guó)際貿(mào)易中紛繁復(fù) 解和運(yùn)用的。所以，與其坐而論道法律英語(yǔ)直白化，不如行而學(xué)習(xí)研究英語(yǔ)合同格式和用語(yǔ)，在這個(gè)意義上，拿來 構(gòu)、遣詞用語(yǔ)、句式結(jié)構(gòu)以及時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)四大方面進(jìn)行說明：？ ？?第一節(jié)篇章結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)(Text?Structure )?一份質(zhì)；前言用最簡(jiǎn)單的說明大略介紹合同訂立的背景；正文里包括依各種合同性質(zhì)的不同而約定的具體條款，還包括不 句號(hào)。以下分別就此五部分進(jìn)行說明。？

21、 ？?一、合同的標(biāo)題(Title)?英文合同和中文合同都一樣，標(biāo)題同首頁(yè)的最上方給予一個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)臉?biāo)題。英文合同名稱在第一章中已有介紹，在此不再贅述，僅補(bǔ)充說明：Confirma序言、導(dǎo)言、總則等,？也見有稱為“ Non operative?part ”者。前言一般不會(huì)占去太多的篇幅，目的在于很簡(jiǎn)略地 分文字叫做？ “Parties ” ？，也就是合同的開場(chǎng)白(Commencement)內(nèi)容為說明當(dāng)事人姓名或名稱、國(guó)籍或注冊(cè)地國(guó) ,?(year),?by?a nd?betwee n:(here in after?referred?to?as?the?“ Compa ny),?a?corporati

22、 on? orga ni zed?a nd?exity?of(Passport?No.)?residi ng?at.? ?本聘用協(xié)議于年月曰簽訂，雙方當(dāng)事人為：依州法律組織設(shè)立并說“This?Agreement?is?made?by?and?between. ”，用 “ by” 來表示合同由誰(shuí)訂定，“ between” 來表示誰(shuí)與誰(shuí)之 tion al?of?.”或“ an ?i ndividual?with?the? natio nality?of?.”來表示，如果是法人組織多半使用“ orga ni指一個(gè)公司的注冊(cè)所在地，它和“ prin cipal?office ” ?或 pri ncip

23、al?place?of?bus in ess”即主營(yíng)業(yè)地并不一定位”的本義是“ When?in?fact ”、“considering?that ”或“that?being?the?case ”的意思，所以“ Whereas?Claus es 簡(jiǎn)單明了地表達(dá)了雙方合作的意愿。？ ？?WITNESSETH? ?Whereas?Party?B?has?machines?and?equipme?B?agrees?to?buy?the?products,?steel?wire?rope,?made?by?Party?A?usi ng?the?machi nes?a nd?equipme nt?Par

24、pme nt,?a nd ? ?Whereas?Party?A?agrees?to?sell?to?Party?B?the?products,?the?steel?wire?rope,?i n?com?鑒于乙方同意購(gòu)買甲方用乙方所供應(yīng)的該機(jī)械設(shè)備生產(chǎn)的產(chǎn)品鋼絲繩來補(bǔ)償該機(jī)械設(shè)備的價(jià)款；？ ？?鑒于甲方herefore,?i n?con sideratio n對(duì)價(jià)/約因(港臺(tái)多用此語(yǔ))?of. ”這樣一句話，表明合同是有償合同，目的在之后則為關(guān)于交易關(guān)系的實(shí)體約定(一般稱為“operative?part/clauses ”)。 ？?例如：Now?therefore,?in?con下： ？三、正文

25、(Hanbendum/Operative?part)?正文(Hanbendum)?部分,?也稱 Operative?part/clause擬將英文合同中的正文條款分為兩類：特殊條款與一般條款。所謂特殊條款指的是只有在某些特定性質(zhì)的合同中才 同中就不會(huì)出現(xiàn)。？ ？?相對(duì)于特殊條款的所謂一般條款，指的是不論合同性質(zhì)如何，幾乎所有的合同中都會(huì)記載的 ist或Table表示的。附錄部分作為對(duì)正文條款的補(bǔ)充，不是所有英文合同都有的一項(xiàng)。以下就是一份聘用協(xié)議的.To?atte nd?pers on ally?duri ng?the?usual?hours?of?bus in ess?a nd?to?sup

26、ervise?a nd?c on trol?the?bus in ess?ausi ness?i nto?the?Compa nys?ba nk?accou nt. ? ?5.Ge nerally?to?protect?the?i nterests?of?the?Compa ny賬冊(cè)。？ ？?4.支付日常公司經(jīng)營(yíng)到賬的款項(xiàng)。？ ？?5.廣泛地保護(hù)公司的利益。？ ？?此外，即便是有這部分T?B Letter?of?Credit ? ?XYZ?BANK?LIMLTED? ? Address ? ?Credit?Bank,?N.?A.? ? in ?your?favor?for?accou nt?o

27、f?ABC?Compa ny?i n?the?amou nt?of?US?$(amou nt?i n?words),?available?agai nst? follows: ? ? “The?amount?drawn?under?Letter?of?Credit?No.datedissued?by?XYZ?Bank?Limited?ank.?N.A. ” ? ?All?drafts?drawn?under?this?Letter?of?Credit?must?bear?the?clause? “Drawn?under?X'ders?of?drafts?draw n?u nder?a

28、nd?i n? complia nce?with?the?terms?of?this?Letter?of?Credit?that?the?drafts Payment?Dat . ? ?This?Letter?of?Credit?is?subject?to?the?Uniform?Customs?and?Practice?for?Docume an y?payme nt?made?by?you?hereu nder,?you?may?debit?our?accou nt?with?you.? ?XYZ?BANK?LIMITED? ? ?信用證號(hào)碼：？ ？?先生？ ？?我行在此開立，以ABC公司

29、為受益人、總額為美元的不可撤銷信用證，憑 根據(jù)ABC公司與北美信貸銀行年月日訂立的某貸款協(xié)議條款規(guī)定，付與簽字人。”？ ？?本證項(xiàng)下開具的匯票須注背書人和善意持有人不遲于最后分期付款日后30天內(nèi)承擔(dān)付款責(zé)任。？ ？?本信用證系根據(jù)國(guó)際商會(huì)第400號(hào)出丿? ?五、證明部分(Attestation )?英文合同結(jié)構(gòu)中的最后一個(gè)部分就是結(jié)尾辭，即證明部分與當(dāng)事人的簽名。至于簽名檔的部分，如果當(dāng)事人是公司的話，除了代表人的簽名以外，還要加蓋公司印鑒，并且通常會(huì)注明代表 on? the?date?a nd?year?first?writte n? above.? ?By:By: ? ?Title:Tit

30、le:? ?本協(xié)議由被授權(quán)之人，的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)模式，實(shí)體上講并沒有什么特別的功能或意義，與中文合同里最后通常會(huì)記載的“恐口說無(wú)憑，特立契為證 當(dāng)合同之當(dāng)事人為法人組織時(shí)，必須推選出一位自然人作為法定代表人，例如，公司的法定代表人通常會(huì)是董事長(zhǎng) 為公司簽約的代表人，此時(shí)與公司簽約的對(duì)方當(dāng)事人為了確保這個(gè)代表人的確屬于“duly?authorized?represe ntaSIGNATING?A?PURCHASING?AGEjNT?Pursua nt?to?a?duly?made,?seco nded,?a nd?carried?motio n? the?Board?o sin g?Age nt?of?t

31、his?Corporati on? with?limited?authority?to?make?purchases? in? the?Corporati ons?n ame'said?purchase?or?the?total?dollar?amou nt?of?a n?in stallme nt?purchase?will?exceed?the?amou nt?ofdollars resolutio n?duly?adopted?at?a?meeti ng?of?the?directors?thereof,?c on ve ned?a nd?held? in ?accorda nc

32、e?with?as?Secretary?of?Corporatio n?an d?have?attached?the?seal?of?Corporatio n? to?this?resolutio n.? ?，本公司授權(quán)為本公司采購(gòu)員，以本公司名義代表本公司對(duì)外采買。但其單筆采購(gòu)金額或分期購(gòu)買的總額不得超過美 公司章程在年月日召開的董事會(huì)上正式通過，現(xiàn)完全有效。？ ？?作為公司秘書，我簽字并蓋公司印鑒于該決議，Effective?Date合同前言所載明的日期相同，就用這句話表示，如果不同的話，就應(yīng)該另以條款明定合同生效日(?their?governme nts?or?Boards?of?Dir

33、ectors?for?approval.?The?date?whe n?the?later?party?obta in s?the?ap by?telex?or?cable?the?other?party?of?the?approval?which?is?co nfirmed?by?the?followi ng?registered?air 電傳或電報(bào)形式通知該批準(zhǔn)，隨后以航空掛號(hào)郵件確認(rèn)。？ ？?第二節(jié)遣詞用語(yǔ)特點(diǎn)(Wording?and?Expression )hn ical?Terms/?Termi nology )?法律專業(yè)性術(shù)語(yǔ)是在合同等法律文件中才用到的詞匯，它并不以一般受眾為對(duì)象

34、等專業(yè)用詞就已經(jīng)讓非專業(yè)人士大惑不解，英文合同的專業(yè)用詞自然就更玄妙無(wú)比了。？具體的實(shí)例如下：？ ？?nsation?for?the?damages?caused?by?such?delays.不妨害 18.1 款雙方的權(quán)利，16.1、16.2 及 16.3 款規(guī)定的賠償 on veya nce?shall?be?without?other?c on siderati on? tha n? the?mutual?cove nan ts?a nd?co nsiderati on s?of?this?產(chǎn))尤為專業(yè)。？ ？ We?advise?you?of?our?i nten tio n?to?t

35、ermi nate?our?te nan cy?o n?or?before?(Date)? 的房屋及其附屬物，都是專業(yè)用語(yǔ)。？ ？Lice nsee?agrees?to?pay?to?Lice nsor?a?mi nimu m?royalty?ofDolla?day?of?the?i ni tial?term?hereto.?受許可方同意支付許可方最低使用費(fèi)美元作為該許可合同第一期使用費(fèi)的最lated?o n?Royalty?i n?accorda nce?with?the?co nten t?a nd?scope?stipulated?i n? Article?2?to?the?C on t

36、ract?a nd 計(jì)價(jià)oyalty?price),相對(duì)于統(tǒng)包價(jià)格(lumpsum?price )。? ?Default?in?observing?or?performing?any?ch?default?beyo nd?a ny ?period?of?grace?specified?i n?a ny ?such?docume nt.借款人未能履行契約或附帶的擔(dān)保文ee?that?the?followi ng?situatio ns?shall?be?co nsidered?as?exceptio nal?circumsta nces?which?justify?the?r?a ny?circ

37、umsta nces?which?are?likely?to?affect?substa ntially?o ne?partys?ability?to?carry?out?his?，或任何可能對(duì)一方履行合同項(xiàng)下義務(wù)能力造成實(shí)質(zhì)影響的情形。？ ？?此處的composition顯然不是普通英語(yǔ)中pose?of?a ny? non cash?assets?of?the?Compa ny,?such?assets?may?be?distributed?i n?k in d?to?the?Members?i ，該財(cái)產(chǎn)可按各成員根據(jù)合同項(xiàng)下收取現(xiàn)金份額的權(quán)利以實(shí)物形式替代現(xiàn)金進(jìn)行分配。？ ？ln?kind

38、?此處與in?cll?establish?the?coveri ng?letter?of?credit?before?the?date?specified?i n?Clause?Three?of?this?Sales?C lfilled?by?the?Buyer,?or?to?lodge?a?claim?for?losses?sustained,?if?any.買方須于銷售確認(rèn)書第 3 條所規(guī)定為專用詞匯，我們常見的“版權(quán)所有”英語(yǔ)表達(dá)就是All?rights?reserved 。Rescind (取消合同/協(xié)議)和lodgeall?have?the?preemptive?right.?如一方

39、欲出售或轉(zhuǎn)讓其所投資的部分或全部，另一方應(yīng)有優(yōu)先購(gòu)買權(quán)。？ ？?用口頭用語(yǔ)，以顯示合同正規(guī)、嚴(yán)肅。具體實(shí)例如下：？ ？ At?the?request?of?Party?B,?Party?A?agrees?tsonn el?shall? not?to?partake?i n?a ny?political?activities?i n?lraq.所有人員不得參加伊拉克國(guó)內(nèi)的任何政治指導(dǎo)。？ ?Render 較 give 正式。？ ？ Party?A?shall?repatriate?the?patient?to?China?and?bear?the? y?an d?co nstrued?i n?a

40、ccorda nce?with?the?laws?of?Chi na.本合同受中國(guó)法律管轄，并依中國(guó)法律解釋。？ ?with?an y?of?its?authorized?represe ntatives?who?is?i ncompete nt.雇主認(rèn)為承包人委派的授權(quán)代表不合格時(shí)，求，即“請(qǐng)求”。公文體 forthwith?較?at?onee?正式。？ ？ The?Chairperson?may?convene?and?preside?an?Convene較 hold 正式，preside 較 be?in?charge?of?正式，interim 也是正式用詞，較 temporary 正式

41、。 ？ 品都無(wú)所有權(quán)。？ ？Title 較 ownership?正式。 ？ ？ The?term? “Effective?date ” ?means?the?date?on? y?the?E ngi neer?of?such?programs?or?the?provisio n? of?such?ge neral?descriptio ns?or?cash?flow?estimates 算，并不解除合同規(guī)定的承包人的任何義務(wù)或責(zé)任。？ ?Consent和estimate都是正式用詞。？ ？ The?A分割的一部分。？ ？Deen較 consider 正式。 ？ ？ The?parties?sh

42、all?work?together?in?order?to?endea ears?from?the?comme nceme nt?date雙方共同努力確保按附件四的工程進(jìn)度表及時(shí)竣工，根據(jù)該工程進(jìn)度表工期應(yīng) essio ns）?在英文合同中同、近義詞或相關(guān)詞成對(duì)或多個(gè)并列連用，使合同周密嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)，以減少漏洞和爭(zhēng)議。?相關(guān)。？ ？Party?A?agrees?to?purchase?from?Party?B?the?followi ng?commodity?u nder?the?terms?a nd?crized?to?accept?any?order?sort?to?collect?any?acc

43、ount?on?and?after?September?20.?自 9 月 20 日起，甲方ds?at?anytime.任何合伙人或其代理人，可隨時(shí)審查任一或全部會(huì)計(jì)賬目或其他記錄。？ ？?Any與all相關(guān)詞連? ?Final 和 binding 屬相關(guān)詞連用。？ ？ The?Company?hereby?releases?and?discharges?Party?A?fro務(wù)和責(zé)任。？ ？Release和discharge相關(guān)詞連用，duty， obligation 和liability屬近同義詞連用。？ ？?l?or?void?but?otherwise?shall?be?a nd?re

44、mai n?i n?full?force?a nd?effect.如果承包人切實(shí)履行并遵守上述合同和oid，be 和 remain，force 和 effect 也都是同義連用。？ ？ While?this?agreement?is?in?effect,?the?Any? other?editi on?o f?the?Work,?whether?revised,?suppleme nted,?corrected,?e nl arged,?abridged,?or?other 、節(jié)選或以其他方式。？ ？?句中 write,?edit,?print,?or?publish屬近義詞連用。？ ？ Ma

45、y?be?fixed?ordiscretion?and?opinion屬于近義詞連用。？ ？?4. or/? er和ee名詞的成對(duì)使用？?在英文合同中，經(jīng)人一承租人）,?licensorlicensee （許可方一被許可方），？payer payee （付款人一收款人），？offeror off寫首字母的詞除了基礎(chǔ)英語(yǔ)中用在句首的一般情形外，尤其應(yīng)注意下列幾種情況：？ ？當(dāng)事人？ ？?當(dāng)事人指.? ?乙方應(yīng)一經(jīng)收到甲方提供的原材料，即行檢驗(yàn)。？ ？機(jī)構(gòu)名稱？ ？?英文合同中涉及的機(jī)構(gòu)名稱，titute?for?the?Unification?of?Private?Law?（簡(jiǎn)稱 UNIDROI

46、T ? ?（國(guó)際統(tǒng)一私法協(xié)會(huì)）？ ？The?Bo例如：？ ?The?Accepta nce?Test?Ma nual?shall?be?the?docume nt?prepared?by?A?which?will?be?used?by?A? 是否符合技術(shù)規(guī)格和認(rèn)可資料的文件。？ ？?句中的Acceptance?Test?Manual?,?Equipment,?Approved?Data 均彳Contract?as?such?period?may?be?extended?pursuant?to?Article?6?hereof.現(xiàn)場(chǎng)驗(yàn)收應(yīng)在本合同生效日后 2 周內(nèi)le?of?various?ac

47、tivities?is?attached?at?Appe ndix?4.甲乙雙方應(yīng)竭盡全力在規(guī)定的期間內(nèi)完成本合同，各活動(dòng)e?following?Employer?and?Employee?in?acc ordance?with? “The?Labour?Law?of?The?People s?Republic?of?nal?Chamber?of?Commerce?Term?200也稱 International?Rules?for?the?lnterpretation?of?Trade?Terms?2000 國(guó)國(guó)際貨物買賣合同公約？ ？The?U niform?Customs?a nd?Pr

48、actice?for?Docume ntary?Credits,1993?Revisio n 賣統(tǒng)一法？ ？The?U ni form?Law?o n? the?Formatio n?OF?C on tracts?for?the?I nternatio nal?Sale?of?Goods? ?Party?B?a?mo nthly?salary?of?US$600?(SAY?FIVE?HUNDRED?US?DOLLARS?ONLY). 須每月付給受聘方美元 600 AGREEMENT?.?WITNESSES?that?WHEREAS?.?an d?WHEREAS?.?NOW?THEREFORE,

49、?i n?con sideratio n?of?it? here 加上介詞而構(gòu)成的復(fù)合副詞。如：hereby,?hereto,?hereu nto,?herei n,?herei nafter,?herei nbefore,?hereu方法。具體的理解和運(yùn)用將在第三章中英文合同常用詞一節(jié)詳述。？?基于民法法系對(duì)普通法系的影響，英文合同的的。英文合同中常見的不可抗力條款用的 Force?Majeure也是拉丁語(yǔ)。具體例子如下：？ ？ The?arbitration? What?we?said?regardi ng?the?first?co ntract?applies?mutatis?muta

50、ndis?to?all?later?o nes.我們就第一e?for?each?u nit?shall?be?calculated?a nd?deducted?from?the?purchase?price?fractio n?pro?rata.?補(bǔ)貼應(yīng)按? We?appoi nt?a nd?empower?Mr./Ms.?to?be?our?age nt?ad?litem?i n?the?first?a nd?seco nd?i nsta nces?a nd/or 托代理人。？ ？?Ad?litem 為拉丁語(yǔ)，意為“ for?the?suit ” .?Agent?ad?litem 意為訴訟代

51、理人。？ ？ ？7形式shall?not則禁止某種行為，一般宜譯為“不得”。?will無(wú)論語(yǔ)氣還是強(qiáng)制力都要比shall弱，宜譯為“將”ecome?effective?upo n?an d?from?the?date?o n? which?it?is?sig ned.本合同簽字生效。？ ? This?Co ntracty?the?parties?is?Re nmin bi,?which?will?be?the?registered?capital?of?the?joi nt?ve nture?compa ny.?各方認(rèn)greeme nt?with?a?writte n?n otice?to?t

52、he?Seller.?選擇期間，買方可書面通知賣方終止本協(xié)議。但其否定形式ms.?Should?such? negotiatio ns?fail,?such?dispute?may?be?referred?to?the?Peoples?Court?havi ng?jurisdi?occurs.首先，合同雙方應(yīng)通過友好協(xié)商解決合同產(chǎn)生與合同有關(guān)的爭(zhēng)議。如協(xié)商不成，所爭(zhēng)議合同缺少仲裁條款或 程。Shall表示義務(wù)性約定，should表示虛擬條件，may表示行使選擇性權(quán)利。？ ？?第三節(jié)句式結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)(Sen語(yǔ)并列，語(yǔ)序復(fù)雜多變的長(zhǎng)句面目出現(xiàn)，很少以簡(jiǎn)單句為主。 ？ ？1主句的狀語(yǔ)，一般放在助動(dòng)詞后，

53、行為動(dòng) re,?effect?a nd?mai ntai n? full?a nd?adequate?i nsura nce?agai nst?loss?or?damage?by?fire?a nd?such?risks?as 損害進(jìn)行投保，并保持充分和適當(dāng)?shù)谋ｋU(xiǎn)。？ ？ If,?at?a ny ?time?duri ng?the?executio n?of?the?Work,?theubject?of?a n?i nstructio n?un less?a n?item?or?a?Provisio nal?Sum?i n?respect?of?such?work?is?i ncluded?i

54、 n?包括了涉及此類工作的項(xiàng)號(hào)或暫定金額者除外。？ ？?2從句復(fù)雜，從句的狀語(yǔ)，往往放在連詞之后，從句的句子in? case?of?Force?Majeure?such?as?war,?serious?fires,?flood,?typhoo n?a nd?earthquake,?etc.,?the?time?f 水、臺(tái)風(fēng)和地震等不可抗力事件的影響而不能履行合同時(shí)，合同履行期應(yīng)予延長(zhǎng)，延長(zhǎng)期限相當(dāng)于事件影響的時(shí)間 t?of?the?i nspectio n?or?test in g?referred?to?i n? this?Clause,?the?E ngi neer?determi nes

55、?that?the?material?thereof?immediately.如果在按第37.3條約定的時(shí)間和地點(diǎn)，供檢查和檢驗(yàn)的材料或工程設(shè)備未準(zhǔn)備好，或者按 個(gè)條件從句，一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句。)？ ？?3主從復(fù)合句，從句經(jīng)常用簡(jiǎn)略形式。例如： ？ ？ A?party?dissat之日起5 日內(nèi)向上一級(jí)法院提起上訴。？ ？ The?Contractor?shall,?unless?otherwise?provided?in?the?Co有規(guī)定外，承包人應(yīng)自行安排從當(dāng)?shù)鼗蚱渌胤焦陀玫乃新殕T和勞務(wù)人員，以及他們的報(bào)酬、住房、膳食和交通。 述語(yǔ)序；二是否定詞放在句首，然后情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或助動(dòng)詞與主語(yǔ)位置調(diào)換

56、，構(gòu)成倒裝語(yǔ)序。英文合同中含否定意義的句 on?any?of?their?present?businesses.合同第12條第3款規(guī)定不得妨礙甲方或其分支機(jī)構(gòu)持續(xù)經(jīng)營(yíng)現(xiàn)有業(yè)務(wù)。方不得向任何第三人轉(zhuǎn)讓其持有的股權(quán)。？ ？?2 否定倒裝：(An astrophe)? ? ? In?n o?eve nt?shall、延誤、商譽(yù)損害或任何特別或間接的損害賠償，不論任何原因引起的，賣方概不承擔(dān)責(zé)任。？ ？ ？ In ?this?cno?case?shall?such?refu ndi ng?by?Party?B?exceeds?30?days?from?receipt?from?Party?A?of?t

57、he? notice?to?t ? ?三、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)(Passive?Voice)?和基礎(chǔ)英語(yǔ)一樣，英文合同中如果不必知道行為主體、不知道行為主體l?breach?of?this?Agreeme nt. 未能按上述要求通知甲方的，則視為構(gòu)成實(shí)質(zhì)違約。(作謂語(yǔ))？ ？ Seller?a意出售，買方同意購(gòu)買下述商品。(作后置定語(yǔ))？ ？Therefore,?Executive?agrees?that?the?Compa ny ?shmedy?without?a ny?b on d?or?other?security?bei ng?required.因此，董事同意本公司無(wú)須提供任何保證或其他擔(dān)保ntract?shall?be?made?by?M/T?through?Ba nk?of?Ch in a,?She nzhe n?Bra nch?a nd?the?ba nk?desig nated?by?Party? tn ership?will?be?promptly?liquidated,?with?all?debts?bei ng?paid?first,?prior?to?a ny?di