初中英語賓語從句

1、Mainly RevisionObject Clauses賓語從句一教學(xué)任務(wù)一教學(xué)任務(wù) 復(fù)習(xí)賓語從句復(fù)習(xí)賓語從句 二教學(xué)重點(diǎn)二教學(xué)重點(diǎn) 1.1.賓語從句的概念賓語從句的概念 2. 2.賓語從句的引導(dǎo)詞賓語從句的引導(dǎo)詞 3.3.賓語從句中的語序賓語從句中的語序 4.4.賓語從句的時(shí)態(tài)變化賓語從句的時(shí)態(tài)變化 3教學(xué)難點(diǎn)教學(xué)難點(diǎn) 1. if與與whether的區(qū)別的區(qū)別 2. when與與if 引導(dǎo)的賓語從句和狀語從句引導(dǎo)的賓語從句和狀語從句 3.賓語從句與簡單句的互換賓語從句與簡單句的互換 We know him We know he likes English.主主s s主主s s謂謂v v謂謂

2、v v賓賓o o賓賓o o賓語從句就是由一個(gè)句子來構(gòu)成主句的賓語賓語從句就是由一個(gè)句子來構(gòu)成主句的賓語 主主s s謂謂v v賓賓o o簡單句簡單句復(fù)合句復(fù)合句 一 什么 是賓語從句？試比較Do you know who is the first Chinese astronaut(宇航員宇航員)?Our teacher told us that the earth goes around the sun. Please tell me where she has gone.I dont know if he will come tonight.Lets find out whats on to

3、night .Find out the Object Clauses We are proud of that Beijing is one of the biggest cities in the world .2.由連接代詞由連接代詞 Who,whom,whose,which,what和連接副詞和連接副詞 where,how,why,when引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。這些連詞既有詞義又引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。這些連詞既有詞義又充當(dāng)句子成份。充當(dāng)句子成份。e.g.1)Do you know whose book it is ?（誰的，作定語）（誰的，作定語） 2)Could you tell me why t

4、he train is late? （為（為什么，作狀語）什么，作狀語） 3)He asked who could answer the question.（誰，（誰，作主語）作主語） 注：注：that 在句中無詞義，在從句中不能充在句中無詞義，在從句中不能充當(dāng)句子成分，在口語中往往被省略。當(dāng)句子成分，在口語中往往被省略。e.g. I hear (that) he will be back in an hour.1.由從屬連詞由從屬連詞that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句引導(dǎo)的賓語從句二二 .賓語從句的引導(dǎo)詞賓語從句的引導(dǎo)詞3.由從屬連詞由從屬連詞 whether, if 引導(dǎo)的賓語從句引導(dǎo)的賓語從句e.g

5、. I want to know if/whether she is right . They didnt know whether Tom could come back or not . if/whether 引導(dǎo)賓語從句引導(dǎo)賓語從句 表示表示“是否是否”之義，在句中之義，在句中不充當(dāng)句子成份。不充當(dāng)句子成份。 if/whether可互換可互換,但但whetheror not為固定搭配為固定搭配.看一看：看一看：I dont know if it will rain tomorrow.If it rains ,Ill stay at home. I want to know when he

6、 will come back.When he comes back, please tell me.想一想：想一想：when和和if 可以引導(dǎo)什么從句？它們的時(shí)態(tài)有什么特可以引導(dǎo)什么從句？它們的時(shí)態(tài)有什么特點(diǎn)？點(diǎn)？whenwhen和和if if 既可以引導(dǎo)既可以引導(dǎo)賓語從句賓語從句，也可以引導(dǎo)，也可以引導(dǎo)狀語從句狀語從句。在賓語。在賓語從句中，時(shí)態(tài)根據(jù)需要確定；在狀語從句中，遵循從句中，時(shí)態(tài)根據(jù)需要確定；在狀語從句中，遵循主將從現(xiàn)主將從現(xiàn)的的原則原則。1. I dont know _ he will come or not.2. I dont care of _ he is handsome

7、.3. He wondered _ to stay here the next week.4. _ he will come is not decided. 與與or not 連用只能用連用只能用whether介詞后只能用介詞后只能用whether與與to do 不定式連用只能用不定式連用只能用whether作主語只能用作主語只能用whetherHelen says that she will learn French next year. Do you know where he comes from? He asked me if I could get to the bus statio

8、n on time.三三. . 賓語從句的語序賓語從句的語序無論主句是陳述句還是疑問句，賓語從句無論主句是陳述句還是疑問句，賓語從句都是運(yùn)用陳述句的語序，即是都是運(yùn)用陳述句的語序，即是“主語在前，主語在前，謂語在后謂語在后”的順序。的順序。 .He canHe hashe went toWhat happened to youWhats wrong with you 說一說說一說將上面的句子置于一個(gè)主句后，變成一個(gè)賓語從句。將上面的句子置于一個(gè)主句后，變成一個(gè)賓語從句。 Which is the way to the station Can you tell me/I want to know

9、/I wonder/Please tell me?e.g. Can you tell me if/whether he can swim?四四.賓語從句中時(shí)態(tài)的變化賓語從句中時(shí)態(tài)的變化I hear (that)Jim ( be ) a worker two years ago.Jim ( be ) an English teacher now . Jim ( cook ) dinner tomorrow .Jim ( sing )a popular song now.Jim ( be ) to the Great Wall twice . Jim ( play ) basketball whe

10、n his father came back. Jim ( learn )1000 Chinese words by the end of last semester. 填一填填一填wasiswill cookis singinghas beenwas playinghad learned1.當(dāng)主句是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，賓語從句的時(shí)態(tài)不作限制，當(dāng)主句是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，賓語從句的時(shí)態(tài)不作限制，我們可以根據(jù)句子的需要使用任何一種時(shí)態(tài)。我們可以根據(jù)句子的需要使用任何一種時(shí)態(tài)。（需要性原則）（需要性原則）2.2.當(dāng)主句是一般過去時(shí)的時(shí)候，賓語從句必須運(yùn)用相當(dāng)主句是一般過去時(shí)的時(shí)候，賓語從句必須運(yùn)用相應(yīng)的過去的某一

11、種時(shí)態(tài)，應(yīng)的過去的某一種時(shí)態(tài)，從而達(dá)到主句和從句的相互從而達(dá)到主句和從句的相互一致。（呼應(yīng)性原則）一致。（呼應(yīng)性原則）1) He will go to Hong Kong .2) He is sick.3) He is reading a book . 4) He has finished his work.1) He to Hong Kong .2) He sick.3) He a book . 4) HeHe said辨一辨辨一辨would go waswas reading his work.had finished 主句時(shí)態(tài)主句時(shí)態(tài)從從 句句 時(shí)時(shí) 態(tài)態(tài)連連 接接 前前連連 接接 后后

12、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)時(shí)態(tài)保持不變時(shí)態(tài)保持不變一般過去時(shí)一般過去時(shí)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般過去時(shí)一般過去時(shí)一般過去時(shí)一般過去時(shí)過去完成時(shí)過去完成時(shí)一般將來時(shí)一般將來時(shí)過去將來時(shí)過去將來時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)過去完成時(shí)過去完成時(shí) 3. 3.當(dāng)賓語從句說明的是客觀存在的事實(shí)或者是客觀存當(dāng)賓語從句說明的是客觀存在的事實(shí)或者是客觀存在的真理時(shí)，就不用受到主句時(shí)態(tài)的限制，仍是用一般在的真理時(shí)，就不用受到主句時(shí)態(tài)的限制，仍是用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。（特殊性原則）現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。（特殊性原則）He told me (that) Summer is after Spring .I wa

13、s told (that)the sun is much bigger than the moon. My parents told me (that) no news is good news.比一比比一比比一比 I dont know where I should go. Tell me how I can do it. I dont know where to go. Tell me how to do it. 你有什么發(fā)現(xiàn)？ 結(jié)論：由連接代詞和連接副詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句 疑問詞 + to do 的簡單句。 練一練1.I dont know what I shall do next .(變?yōu)?/p>

14、簡單句） I dont know next .2.John didnt decide which book he would buy .(變?yōu)楹唵尉洌?John didnt decide .3.Can you tell me how to get to the bus stop ?(變?yōu)閺?fù)合句） Can you tell me the bus stop ?4.Please tell Lucy how to use the MP5 .(變?yōu)閺?fù)合句） Can you tell Lucy the MP5. 五.賓語從句與簡單句的轉(zhuǎn)換What to dowhich book to buyhow I c

15、an get to how she can use.Find out the mistakes and correct them.1 Could you tell me where do they live? 2 She knew that Danny is a student.3 He told me that winter was colder than autumn. 4 Do you know who car it is? wasiswhose六六. .課堂檢測課堂檢測A.whoisthegirlB.whothegirlwasC.whowasthegirlD.whothegirl. C

16、hoose the right answers.BDBBDB賓語從句三要素賓語從句三要素引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)詞thatthat（陳述句）（陳述句）ififwhetherwhether（一般疑問句（一般疑問句） 特殊疑問詞特殊疑問詞（特殊疑問句（特殊疑問句) )時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)態(tài)主句為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)主句為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)從句可為任何時(shí)態(tài)從句可為任何時(shí)態(tài)主句為一般過去時(shí)主句為一般過去時(shí)從句從句一般過去時(shí)一般過去時(shí)過去將來時(shí)過去將來時(shí)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)過去完成時(shí)過去完成時(shí)語序語序賓語從句的語序都為陳述句語序賓語從句的語序都為陳述句語序客觀真理客觀真理 自然現(xiàn)象自然現(xiàn)象公式定理公式定理 名言警句名言警句 時(shí)態(tài)不變時(shí)態(tài)不變七七.本

17、課小結(jié)本課小結(jié)由由從屬連詞從屬連詞thatthat引導(dǎo)的賓語從句引導(dǎo)的賓語從句 由連接代詞 Who,whom,whose,which， what 和連接副詞 where,how,why,when引導(dǎo)的賓語從句由由從屬連詞從屬連詞 whether, if 引導(dǎo)的賓語從句引導(dǎo)的賓語從句注注：that 在句中無詞匯意義，在從句中不能充當(dāng)成分，在口語當(dāng)中往往省略e.g. 1. I hear (that) _. （一小時(shí)后他會(huì)回來）2. He said (that) _. （他非常想念我們）3. The teacher told us (that) _. （地球圍著太陽轉(zhuǎn)） he will be bac

18、k in an hour he missed us very much the earth moves around the sun由連接代詞what, whom, whose, which, what及連接副詞 when, where, how, why引導(dǎo)的賓語從句1. He asked _. (誰能回答這個(gè)問題）2. Do you know_. （他們在等誰）3. He asked _. （誰的書法是班上最好的）4. Please tell me _. （我們什么時(shí)候開會(huì)）5. Can you tell me _. （他在哪兒）6. Could you tell me _. （我該怎么去

19、車站）7. Would you tell me _（為什么火車遲到了） who could answer the question whom they are waiting for whose handwriting was the best in the class when well have a meeting where he is how I can get to the station why the train is late由從屬連詞由從屬連詞whether, if 引導(dǎo)的賓語從句引導(dǎo)的賓語從句e.g. 1. I want to know _. （他是否跟我們一起去公園）2.

20、 Ask him _. （他是否能來）3. I dont know _.（是否要下雨） if (whether) he will go to the park with us whether (if) he can come whether it is going to rain or not當(dāng)句末為當(dāng)句末為or not時(shí)，引導(dǎo)詞只能用時(shí)，引導(dǎo)詞只能用whether而不能用而不能用if.直接引語變間接引語與賓語從句的關(guān)系直接引語變間接引語與賓語從句的關(guān)系陳述句變?yōu)橐龑?dǎo)的賓語從句e.g. 1. He said, “You are younger than I ”. 2. He says, “To

21、m is a good student ”. He said that I was younger than him. He says that Tom is a good student. 直接引語變間接引語與賓語從句的關(guān)系直接引語變間接引語與賓語從句的關(guān)系一般疑問句變?yōu)閕f (whether)引導(dǎo)的賓語從句e.g. 1. She said, “ Do you often come here to read newspaper? ”2. “Will they go to visit the Great Wall?” he asked. She asked if (whether) I oft

22、en came here to read newspaper. He asked if (whether) they would go to visit the Great Wall. 直接引語變間接引語與賓語從句的關(guān)系直接引語變間接引語與賓語從句的關(guān)系特殊疑問句變?yōu)樘厥庖蓡柧渥優(yōu)閣ho, what, when等引導(dǎo)的賓語從句等引導(dǎo)的賓語從句e.g. 1. He asked, “Where do you live?” 2. “How can we get to the post-office?” he asked. He asked where I lived. He asked how th

23、ey could get to the post-office. 直接引語變間接引語與賓語從句的關(guān)系直接引語變間接引語與賓語從句的關(guān)系 1、當(dāng)主句的謂語動(dòng)詞是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或一般將來時(shí)，賓語 從句的謂語動(dòng)詞可以用所需要的任何一種時(shí)態(tài)。 2、當(dāng)主句的謂語動(dòng)詞是一般過去時(shí)，賓語從句的謂語 動(dòng)詞要用相應(yīng)的過去時(shí)態(tài)，但當(dāng)賓語從句敘述的內(nèi)容 為客觀真理時(shí)，仍然用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。e.g. The teacher said that the moon moves around the sun. 注注 意：意： will be goes were playing has returned had been trave

24、ls are talking were were doing1. The radio says it _ cloudy tomorrow. (be)2. The headmaster hopes everything _ well. (go)3. Tom says that they _ (play) basketball at six oclock yesterday evening. 4. I hear they _ (return) it already. 5. He said that they _ members of the Party since 1948. (be)6. He

25、asked what they _ at eight last night. (do)7. The teacher told his class that light _ faster than sound. (travel)8. I think you _ about the race now. (talk)9. I didnt know whom the letters _ from. (be)10. I didnt know what time he _ the letter. (write)11. Miss Wang told me that the earth _(move) round the earth. 12. Could you tell me who _ away the book already? (take)13. Ling Feng told me he _ to several times. (be)14. Our teacher told us in class the sun _ in the east. (rise)15. Can you tell me what they _ yesterday? (do) wrote moves has taken has been risesdid將將下列