英語中8種倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)

1、一、英語中構(gòu)成疑問句(除對主語或主語之定語提問的特殊疑問句外)，通常須使用倒裝 結(jié)構(gòu)，這是語法結(jié)構(gòu)的需要。例如：1.when are we goingto drink to your happiness?我們什么時候喝你們的喜酒?2. have you seen thef i lm?你看了那部電影嗎?3. have you anything like that?在美國英語中常見：do you have anything like that?你有那樣的東西嗎?二、以副詞here, there, off, out, away等開頭的句子，主要是表示感嘆語氣的句子， 當其主語為名詞時，通常要使用倒裝

2、。例如：4. here comes our teacher!你們的老師來了！5. away went the boy to the school!那男孩子到學校里去了！6. off goes the woman!那個女人走了!三、當構(gòu)成關(guān)聯(lián)從屬連詞so. that的so位于句首時，往往要使用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：7. so loudly did the students read that people could hear them out in the street. 同 學們大聲讀書，人們在街上都聽得見(他們的讀書聲)。8. so smal 1 were the words that he c

3、ould hardly see them.字那么小，他幾乎看不見。四、以引導詞there開頭的句子，須使用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：(a) 表示“有”之概念的athere + be +主語”結(jié)構(gòu)：9. there are three books on the desk.桌上有三本書。10. there were something in the box.箱子里有東西。(b) 用于正式文體，特別是文學作品中的there +不及物動詞十主語結(jié)構(gòu)，當主語不明 確而又是一個很長的名詞短語時，往往使用這種結(jié)構(gòu)：11. there entered a strange little man.走進來一個奇怪而身材又矮小

4、的人。12. once there lived an old fisherman in a village by the sea.從前，海邊的一個村子里住著一位老漁夫。在敘述性和描繪性的書面語中，這種結(jié)構(gòu)若帶有地點狀語，而且把這種狀語放在句首時，可 以用省略there的倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。如：13. in the cottage lives a family of six.在這幢小茅舍里住著一家六口。五、當平時一般不放在句首的狀語，為了強調(diào)起見而放在句首時，使用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：14. near the bridge was an old cottage.在橋的附近有一幢古老的小茅舍。15. wei i

5、do i remember the day i saw a wild tiger.見到一只猛虎的那一天，我記得很清楚。六、當直接引語的一部分或者全部位于句首時，引述分句的主語又是名詞或名詞短語，該 引述分句常用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：16. "what shall we do?" said the teacher.""我們怎么呢？"老師說。17、"great!" said my father. z/ "i'll go there. z，好極了！ 我父親說?！拔覍⒌侥抢锶??！逼?、某些讓步狀語從句往往把表語提到主語前面

6、或放在句首，以構(gòu)成倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：18. no matter how interesting the book is, he doesn't 1 ike to read it.（語序是：no matter how+表語十主語十系動詞be）不管這本書多有趣，他都不想看。19. however hard a sol id may be, we can changc its shape.（語序是：however+表語+主語+系動詞be）不管一個固體有多硬，我們都可以改變其形狀。20. young as he is, he knows some of the family secrets.（語

7、序是：表語十a(chǎn)s +代詞作主語十系動詞be）盡管他年紀小，他卻知道家里的一些秘密。21. difficuit as the work was （或：difficult as was the work）, it was finished in time.（語序是：表語十a(chǎn)s十名詞作主語十系動詞be,或：表語+ as +系動詞be +名詞作主語） 工作雖然困難，還是及時完成了。注：（1）用as引導的讓步狀語從句，表語應放在as之前（例20和例21）；如果主語是代 詞，主語就要放在系動詞be z前。例20；如果主語是名詞，則主語可以放在系動詞be z 前或后，如例21。（2）用as引導的讓步狀語從句

8、中，如果謂語是“助動詞+主要動詞原形”，則應把主要動詞 原形放在as之前，其語序為：主要動詞原形+ as +主語十助動詞。例如：22. try as i might, i could not lift the stone.盡管我用盡力氣，我還是舉不起這塊 石頭。八、有些表示“感嘆、祝愿”等語氣的句子，也可使用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：23. isn't it cold!天氣真冷!24. was i surprised!我真感到驚奇！25. may "both be happy!"祝你們兩位幸福！總之，使用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)的情況比較復雜，不可能在有限的篇幅內(nèi)作出詳盡的介紹與論述。 究竟

9、何時使用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，歸結(jié)起來不外兩點：一是語法結(jié)構(gòu)需要時用；二是表示強調(diào)時用。倒裝英語的基本語序是“主語+謂語”，如果將謂語的一部分或全部放在主語之前，這種語序叫倒 裝。倒裝既是一種語法手段，也是一種修辭手段，用于表示一定的句子結(jié)構(gòu)或強調(diào)某一句子 成分。一. 倒裝的原因a. 語法倒裝由于語法結(jié)構(gòu)的需要，將謂語的全部或一部分移到主語z前。1. 一般疑問句當我們把一個肯定句轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)橐蓡柧鋮?，常把肯定句中的助動詞或情態(tài)動詞放在句首。這類 助動詞或情態(tài)動詞包括：be, have, can, do, shall, will, may, must, dare, need, ought 或 used 等。he

10、will do it.will he do it他會做這件事嗎？this is my mobile phone number.is this your mobile phone number?這是你的手機號碼嗎？提不：如果肯定句屮沒有助動詞或情態(tài)動詞時，我們可以在句首用do的某種形式，以構(gòu)成倒 裝語序。jack likes to eat fish.杰克喜歡吃魚。does jack like to eat fish 杰克喜歡吃魚嗎？2. 特殊疑問句特殊疑問句的構(gòu)成：特殊疑問詞+ 般疑問句what does he like to eat 他喜歡吃什么？when will they go to th

11、e great wall 他們什么時候去長城？where did you go last night 昨晚你去哪里了 ？提示：如果疑問代詞在句中做主語，句子不要倒裝。who is not coming to dinner tonight 今晚誰不來吃飯?3. 反意問句在反意問句屮，用一般疑問句的形式，前后兩分句的主語，人稱要一致。前一分句是肯定, 反意問句用否定形式，并一定要縮寫；前一分句是否定，反意問句用肯定形式。everything is ready, isn't it 一切都準備好了,是嗎？bobbie seldom got drunk, did he 博比很少喝醉,是嗎？you

12、 had a wonderful time last night, didn't you 昨天晚上你玩得很愉快,是嗎？4 .感嘆句英語中的感嘆句有時也通過倒裝的形式來表達。here comes santa clause!圣誕老人來啦?。ㄖ^語前置）what bad manners they have!他們真沒禮貌?。ㄙe語前置）how happy the childrenare!孩子們多么幸福啊?。ū碚Z前置）5. 某些含有“really”意義的簡短表達，也用倒裝語序，但它們并不需要任何回答。一 elsa saw a snake last night.埃爾莎昨天晚上看到一條蛇。一 did s

13、he真的嗎？一 our new boss is very easygoing.我們的新老板人很隨和?！?is he 是嗎？一 philip has already finished his report.菲利普已經(jīng)完成了他的報告。一 has he真的嗎？6. 以引導詞there引起的陳述句there was no body in the room.房間里沒有人。in the valley there lies a river.山谷里有一條河。there is no harm in trying.不妨一試。7. 虛擬條件句 在虛擬語氣中，如果不用if,且從句中有were, had, should

14、等助動詞，需將助動詞were, had, should放在句首，用倒裝語序。if i were a bird, i could fly freely.were i a bird, i could fly freely.假如我是一只小鳥，我就能自由翱翔。if i had known it earlier, i would have lent him the money.had i known it earlier, i wouldn 誠 have lent him the money.要是我早知道這件事, 我就不會把錢借給他了. 表示祝愿的一些句子long live peace!和平萬歲！may

15、 our friendship be ever lasting!愿我們的友誼長存!8. 直接引語的一部分或全部放在句首時you should have been here five minutes ago,said the teacher.老師說：“你 5 分鐘之前 就該來了?！眃ouglas,said the teacher, do be careful next time.“道格拉斯，”老師說道,"下次一定要 小心。”b. 修辭倒裝為了突出重耍的內(nèi)容，或為了生動地描寫動作，人們往往采用修辭倒裝。1. 為了強調(diào)never before have we seen such a sig

16、ht.以前我們從來沒有見過這樣的情景。only in this way can we learn english well.只有用這種方法，我們才能學好英語。selfish does our life make us students.是生活把我們的學生變得如此自私。2. 為了生動流暢up went the rocket into the sky.嗖的一聲火箭上了天。before us lay a lot of difficulties.我們面前有很多困難。happy are those who are contented.知足者常樂。next came a man in his fortie

17、s.接下去進來一個四十多歲的男人。long did we wait before hearing from her.我們等了很久才收到她的信。c. 一些句型的固定用法such were his last words.他最后的話就是這樣。hardly had i got home when the teleph one rang.我一到家，電話就響了。how came it that she knew the secret她怎么會知道那個秘密的？二. 倒裝的種類英語最基本的詞序是主語在謂語動詞的前面。如果將句子的主語和謂語完全顛倒過來，這稱 之為完全倒裝。如果只將助動詞或情態(tài)動詞移至主語之前，謂

18、語的其他部分仍保留在主語的 后面，這稱之為部分倒裝。a. 完全倒裝完全倒裝是將謂語的全部放在主語z前，此結(jié)構(gòu)通常只用于一般現(xiàn)在時和一般過去時兩 種。on her left sat her husband.她左邊坐著她丈夫。here is the book you want.你要的書在這兒。down went the small boat.小船沉下去了。b. 部分倒裝部分倒裝是指將謂語的一部分，如助動詞或情態(tài)動詞，移至主語之前。only by working hard can one succeed.只有努力才能成功。never have i seen her before.我以前沒見過她。提示

19、：如果句中的謂語沒有助動詞或情態(tài)動詞，則需添加助動詞do, does或did,并將其 置于主語z前。well do i remember the day i joined the league.a團的那一天，我記憶猶新。little did i think that he could be back alive 我沒有想到他竟能活著回來。三. 常見的倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)a. 常見的完全倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)1. there be 句型。there is a mobile phone and some books on the desk.桌上有個手機和些書。there are thousands of people ga

20、thering on the square.廣場上聚集著成千上萬的人 注意 引導詞 there 還可以接 appear, exist, lie, remain, seem, stand, live 等詞。there lived an old fisherman in the village.村里住著一位老漁夫。there stand two white houses by the river.河濱矗立著兩座白房子。there existed some doubt among the students.學生中有些懷疑。2. 用于here, there, now, thus, then +動詞+主

21、語的句型中(謂語動詞多為be, go, come 等)。here comes the bus. 汽車來了。there goes the bell.鈴響了。now comes my turn.輪到我了。then came the order to take off.起飛的命令到 了。3. 以out, in, up, down, off, away等副詞開頭,謂語動詞是表示“移動”的go, come, leave 等句子里。away went the crowd one by one.人們一個一個地離去。in came a stranger in black.進來了一位穿黑衣的陌生人。down f

22、ell the leaves.樹葉掉了下來。注意在完全倒裝的結(jié)構(gòu)里,如果主語是人稱代詞，則用正常語序。out she went.她走了。here we are.我們到了。4. 表示地點的介詞詞組位于句首，謂語動詞是表示“存在”之意的be, lie, stand, exist等句 子中。south of the lake lies a big supermarket.湖泊的南邊是一個大超市。20 miles east of our school lies a modern swimming pool.我們學校向東 20 英里有一個 現(xiàn)代化的游泳池。on the floor were piles

23、of old books, magazines and newspapers.地板上是一堆堆ih 的 書報雜志。5. “表語+連系動詞+主語”結(jié)構(gòu)。lucky is she who was admitted to a famous university last year. 她很幸運，去年被一所名牌大學錄取。gone are the days when he was looked down upon.他被人看不起的fl子一去不復返了。present at the meeting are some well-known scientists.一些知名的科學家出席了會議。b. 常見的部分倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)1

24、. 含有否定意義的副詞或連詞(如 not, seldom, little, hardly, never, rarely, nowhere 等) 放在句首時。he can not speak a single word of english.not a single word of english can he speak.他連一個英語單詞都不會說。he cares little about his clothes.little does he care about his clothes.他不在乎穿著。i have never seen him before.never have i seen

25、 him before.never before have i seen him.我以前沒見過他。the mother didn't leave the room until the child fell asleep.not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room.孩子睡著了，媽媽才離 開房間。（not until引出的主從復合句中，主句倒裝，從句不倒裝。）churchill was not only a statesman, but a poetnot only was churchill a states

26、man, but a poet.丘吉爾不僅是個政治家，而且還是 個詩人。i shall by no means give up.by no means shall i give up.我決不放棄。必背：表示“剛就的倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)hardly had he started to leave when it began to rain.他剛要離開,天就下起了雨。 scarcely had he sat down when his mobile phone rang. 他岡i坐下， 手機就響了。no sooner had he handed in his paper than he realized hi

27、s mistakes. （也岡9交卷就意識至u 出錯了。2. 副詞only +狀語放在句首時。only then did i see life was not easy.只有那時我才知道生活是不易的。only in this way can you use the computer well.只有用這種方法你才能把電腦學好。 only when he is seriously ill does he ever stay in bed.只有他病重時，他才待在床上。（only+狀語從句，從句不倒裝，主句倒裝）3. so作“也”講吋，引導的句子用倒裝語序，表示前面所說的肯定情況也適用于另一人（或物）

28、。 其句型是：so + be （have,助動詞或情態(tài)動詞）+主語。she has been to tokyo. so have i.她去過東京，我也去過。he can send emails to his former classmates. so can she.他能電子郵件給以前的同學， 她也能。he went to the film last night. so did i.昨天晚上他去看電影了,我也去了。注意：如果對前面所說的內(nèi)容，加以肯定，或不作“也”講而只起連詞作用，表示一種結(jié)果 的意思，那不倒裝?！?jack won the first prize in the contest

29、.杰克在比賽屮獲一等獎。so he did.確實是的。一 it is cold today.今天很冷。so it is and so was it yesterday.確實是很冷，昨天也很冷。his mother told him to go to the film. so he did.他母親叫他去看電影，他就去了。4. neithernor引導的句子用倒裝語序，用于對前面所說的否定內(nèi)容表示同樣的看法。she won 誠 go. neithernor will i.她不走,我也不。i cannot swim. neither can he .我不會游泳，他也不會。注意：如果前面所說的內(nèi)容既有

30、肯定又有否定，或前后的謂語動詞形式不一致時，用“it is the same with +主語”結(jié)構(gòu)或用“so it is with +主語”結(jié)構(gòu)。he worked hard, but didn't pass the exam. so it was with his sister.他很努力，但沒有 通過考試。他妹妹也是這樣。（既有肯定又有否定）she is a teacher and she enjoys teaching. so it is with mr li.她是老師，熱愛教書。李先 生也是這樣。（謂語一個是系動詞，一個是行為動詞）5. “sothat和“suchthat”結(jié)構(gòu)

31、中的so或such位于句首時。he was so excited that he could not say a word.so excited was he that he could not say a word.他如此激動以至于一句話都說不出 來。his an ger was such that he lost con trol of himself.such was his anger that he lost control of himself.他是如此地生氣，以至于他不能 控制自己了。6. 些表示頻率的副詞（如many a time, often等）位于句首吋。i have se

32、en her taking a walk alone many a time.many a time have i seen her taking a walk alone.我多次看到她獨自一人在散步。she often came to my house in the past.often did she come to my house in the past.過去她常到我家來。7. 表示方式、程度的副詞位于句首吋。well do i remember the day when i joined the league.我對入團的那一天還記憶猶新。gladly would i accept y

33、our proposal.我很高興接受你的建議。8. 非謂語動詞+ be +主語。covering much of the earth's surface is a blanket of water.覆蓋地球大部分表面的是水。also discussed were the problems we had met with in our studies.同時還討論了我們在 學習中碰到的問題。first to unfold was the map of the world.首先要打開的是世界地圖。b.常見的其他形式的倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)1. 賓語位于句首表示強調(diào)the past one can kno

34、w, but the future one can only feel. 一個人可以明知過去，但只能 感悟未來。what julia did i cannot imagine.我想象不出朱莉婭做了什么。2. the .more. the more .結(jié)構(gòu)中的倒裝the harder you work, the happier you feel.你越努力工作,就越覺得快樂。（表語提前） the more you study, the more you know.你學得越多，就明白越多。（賓語提前） 提不：有時從句倒裝，主句不倒裝。i like the painting better the mo

35、re i look at it.我越看這幅畫，就越喜歡它。3. asthough引導的讓步狀語從句中的倒裝表語提前，構(gòu)成倒裝。though she is very pretty, she is not clever.pretty though she is, she is not clever.雖然她很漂亮，但是她不聰明。although it may appear strange, it is truedisabled as he was, he tried his best to serve the people.雖然他殘疾了，但他仍盡 力為人民服務。although he is a child, he speaks fluent english.child as he is, he speaks fluent english.雖然他是個孩子，但能講流利的英語。（名 詞單數(shù)前不