高中政治 第1課 生活在人民當(dāng)家作主的國(guó)家 第2框 政治權(quán)利與義務(wù)參與政治生活的基礎(chǔ)課件 新人教版必修2 (1908)

1、Section Word power & Grammar and usage一二一、寫作詞匯預(yù)習(xí)Word power & Grammar and usage部分的詞匯,完成下列小對(duì)話或語(yǔ)段。1.What are you going to do this weekend?I will (陪伴)my mother to the supermarket.2.Who is the man to whom your mother is talking?My (教練).3.Why not ask the secretary to take a message for you?Because

2、 I prefer to deal (直接地)with the manager.4.What are the members discussing in that room?The (步驟)for doing this.accompany instructor directly procedure 一二5.The young man (朝著方向) home now.When he gets home,he will tell his father that he wants to set up a company (獨(dú)立地).If his father is willing to be his

3、(導(dǎo)師),he will be very thankful.is heading on his own instructor 一二二、閱讀詞匯預(yù)習(xí)Word power & Grammar and usage部分的詞匯,寫出畫線部分的漢語(yǔ)意思。The boy likes going skiing 1. in winter.His father always accompanies 2. him to that square.When they get there,his father is also his instructor 3.The boy hopes to ski well o

4、n his own 4. soon.滑雪 陪伴 教練 獨(dú)自 12345語(yǔ)法指南1.I have received letters from so many people,all expressing their concern.(P22)我收到了很多人的信,他們都表達(dá)了自己的擔(dān)心。考點(diǎn):all expressing their concern是獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。Weather permitting tomorrow,we will go to the park.明天天氣允許,我們會(huì)去公園。There being no classes,the students went to the cinema.

5、沒(méi)有課,學(xué)生們?nèi)ル娪霸毫??？键c(diǎn)延伸下列句子的黑體部分是獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu),指出它們的構(gòu)成方式All the work finished,the young man left the company.工作都做完之后,這個(gè)年輕人離開(kāi)了公司。構(gòu)成 名詞+過(guò)去分詞 12345語(yǔ)法指南So much work to finish,the girl cant sleep well.有那么多工作要做,這個(gè)女孩都睡不好。構(gòu)成 An air accident happened to the plane,nobody alive.那架飛機(jī)遭遇了空難,無(wú)一人生還。構(gòu)成 The meeting over,they all

6、went home.會(huì)議結(jié)束了,他們都回家了。構(gòu)成 Mary was sitting near the fire,her back towards the door.瑪麗靠近火爐坐著,背對(duì)著門。構(gòu)成 名詞+不定式 代詞+形容詞 名詞+副詞 名詞+介詞短語(yǔ) 12345語(yǔ)法指南獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)由兩部分組成。前一部分是名詞或代詞,后一部分是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞(不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞、過(guò)去分詞)或形容詞、副詞或介詞短語(yǔ)。常在句中作狀語(yǔ)。12345語(yǔ)法指南12345語(yǔ)法指南12345語(yǔ)法指南2.It was with great sadness that they learnt of the mans death.(P2

7、2)正是伴著巨大的悲傷他們了解到那個(gè)人去世了?？键c(diǎn):本句是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型It is/was.that.;強(qiáng)調(diào)了狀語(yǔ)with great sadness。It was in March,2015 that he died.他就是在2015年3月去世的。It was in Beijing that I saw the film.我是在北京看的這部電影。12345語(yǔ)法指南考點(diǎn)延伸閱讀下列強(qiáng)調(diào)句,指出強(qiáng)調(diào)了哪種句子成分It is you that are to blame for the accident.是你應(yīng)該為那起事故負(fù)責(zé)的。強(qiáng)調(diào)成分 It was when I returned that she l

8、eft the meeting room.就在我回來(lái)的時(shí)候她離開(kāi)了會(huì)議室。強(qiáng)調(diào)成分 It was him who/that I saw the day before yesterday.我前天見(jiàn)到的人是他。強(qiáng)調(diào)成分 主語(yǔ) 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ) 賓語(yǔ) 12345語(yǔ)法指南(1)如果強(qiáng)調(diào)句型指現(xiàn)在或未來(lái)情況用It is.,指過(guò)去情況用It was.(2)被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分往往是除了謂語(yǔ)以外的成分。強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語(yǔ)用“do/does/did+動(dòng)詞原形”。(3)被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分如果是主格人稱代詞,who/that后的動(dòng)詞應(yīng)和該主格人稱代詞在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致。(4)關(guān)于強(qiáng)調(diào)詞的選用:強(qiáng)調(diào)人時(shí)可用who或that;如果不強(qiáng)調(diào)人一律用tha

9、t。(5)強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的一般疑問(wèn)句結(jié)構(gòu)為:Is/Was it.who/that.?(6)強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的特殊疑問(wèn)句結(jié)構(gòu)為:特殊疑問(wèn)詞+is/was it that.?12345語(yǔ)法指南易錯(cuò)提示(1)強(qiáng)調(diào)句型絕不能和定語(yǔ)從句混淆,被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分為時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)、地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)或者原因狀語(yǔ)時(shí)不能誤用when,where或why。Was it during the Second World War that he died?他是在第二次世界大戰(zhàn)期間去世的嗎?(2)判斷強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的使用是否正確的方法:將強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)去掉,如果去掉強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)后的句子仍然正確,則是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型,否則就不是。It was six years ago that h

10、e went to Tokyo.就是在六年前他去了東京。因?yàn)槿サ魪?qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)It was和that后,該句仍然是正確的句子,即Six years ago he went to Tokyo.所以該強(qiáng)調(diào)句型使用正確。12345語(yǔ)法指南12345語(yǔ)法指南12345語(yǔ)法指南3.She was accompanied by an experienced ski instructor and she learnt very quickly.(P25)她由一位經(jīng)驗(yàn)豐富的滑雪教練陪同,而且學(xué)得很快?？键c(diǎn):accompany vt. 陪伴(同),伴隨;為伴奏The mother accompanied her ch

11、ildren to the cinema last night.昨晚這位母親陪孩子們?nèi)チ穗娪霸?。The singer was accompanied on the piano by her sister.這位歌手的姐姐用鋼琴給她伴奏。12345語(yǔ)法指南考點(diǎn)延伸(1)閱讀下列句子,指出黑體單詞的相關(guān)詞組及含義When you feel lonely,your pet dog will keep you company.你感到孤獨(dú)時(shí),你的寵物狗會(huì)陪伴你。詞組 含義 German,in company with France,refused to lift the ban.德國(guó)和法國(guó)一道,拒絕解除禁

12、令。詞組 含義 (2)閱讀下列句子,指出黑體單詞的詞性及含義The dog will soon become my constant companion.這條狗很快會(huì)成為我忠實(shí)的伙伴。詞性 含義 keep pany 陪伴某人 in company with 和一起 名詞 伙伴 12345語(yǔ)法指南(1)accompany sb.to.陪某人到(to為介詞)accompany sb.at/on sth.為某人伴奏(2)company n. 陪伴;交往;公司keep pany陪伴某人in company with和一起(3)companion n.同伴,伙伴易錯(cuò)提示accompany當(dāng)“陪同,伴隨”

13、講時(shí),本身就有g(shù)o的含義,所以,不能再與go連用。12345語(yǔ)法指南12345語(yǔ)法指南12345語(yǔ)法指南4.Since she thought that she knew how to ski well,she decided to practise on her own.(P25)因?yàn)樗疽詾樗涝鯓硬拍芑┗煤?所以她決定自己進(jìn)行練習(xí)。考點(diǎn)一:since在這里引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句。通常位于句首,意為“既然,因?yàn)椤薄ince there is heavy haze in this city in winter,she seldom goes out.因?yàn)檫@個(gè)城市冬天霧霾太重,她很少出門。

14、Since you have got such a good chance,youd better make good use of it.既然你得到了一個(gè)好機(jī)會(huì),你最好好好利用它。12345語(yǔ)法指南易混辨析since,for,because,now that和as(1)since相當(dāng)于now that,“既然”,語(yǔ)氣較弱,強(qiáng)調(diào)已知的事實(shí)。Since you cant answer the question,Ill ask someone else.既然你回答不出這個(gè)問(wèn)題,我就問(wèn)別人了。(2)for是并列連詞,表示推斷的原因,或?qū)η耙环志溲a(bǔ)充說(shuō)明理由。It must have rained,f

15、or the ground is wet.一定是下雨了,因?yàn)榈厣虾艹睗瘛?3)because通常表示直接的原因。because引導(dǎo)的從句表示直接而明確的原因和理由,表示按因果關(guān)系的推斷,語(yǔ)氣很強(qiáng),用來(lái)回答why的問(wèn)句,一般位于主句之后。We couldnt go out because it was too cold.因?yàn)樘鞖馓?我們不能外出。12345語(yǔ)法指南(4)as意為“因?yàn)?由于”,語(yǔ)氣比because弱,所引導(dǎo)的從句表示的是不言而喻、顯而易見(jiàn)的原因和理由,其從句一般放在主句前。As it was late,we came back soon.由于時(shí)間很晚了,我們很快就回來(lái)了。123

16、45語(yǔ)法指南考點(diǎn)二:on ones own 獨(dú)自,單獨(dú);獨(dú)立地Why are you sitting there on your own?你為什么一人獨(dú)自坐在那里?I had to go to the cinema on my own because all the other boys were busy.其他男生都很忙,我只好獨(dú)自去電影院了。易錯(cuò)提示of ones own和on ones own(1)of ones own 屬于某人自己的(2)on ones own 獨(dú)立地These college professors have opinions of their own.這些大學(xué)教授們

17、有自己的見(jiàn)解。12345語(yǔ)法指南12345語(yǔ)法指南5.As soon as they arrived at the hospital,they headed directly for the doctors office.(P25)他們一到醫(yī)院,就徑直朝醫(yī)生的辦公室去了。考點(diǎn)一:head for朝著方向(地方)行進(jìn);前往He headed straight for the bus stop to catch the early bus.他徑直朝公共汽車站走去,為的是趕上早班車。Is the world heading for disaster?世界正面臨災(zāi)難嗎?12345語(yǔ)法指南考點(diǎn)延伸閱讀下

18、列句子,指出黑體單詞的相關(guān)詞組及含義Lets try and head them off before they cross the bridge.我們爭(zhēng)取在他們過(guò)橋之前攔住他們吧。詞組 含義 Use your head,and you will find a way.動(dòng)動(dòng)腦筋,你會(huì)想到辦法的。詞組 含義 In case of fire,you should try to keep your head.發(fā)生火災(zāi)時(shí),你應(yīng)該盡量保持冷靜。詞組 含義 head off 攔截 use ones head 動(dòng)腦筋 keep ones head 保持冷靜 12345語(yǔ)法指南head off 攔截use o

19、nes head 動(dòng)腦筋keep ones head 保持冷靜考點(diǎn)二:directly adv. 徑直地;直接地He answered me very directly and openly.他非常直接和坦率地回答了我。They bought the machine directly from the company.他們直接從公司買了機(jī)器。12345語(yǔ)法指南考點(diǎn)延伸閱讀下列句子,指出黑體單詞的詞性和含義He will give you a call directly he arrives here.他一到達(dá)這里就會(huì)給你打電話。詞性 含義 Who do you know directed th

20、e film Lost in Hong Kong?你知道誰(shuí)導(dǎo)演了電影港囧嗎?詞性 含義 It is known that he is a famous director.眾所周知,他是一位著名導(dǎo)演。詞性 含義 連詞 一就 動(dòng)詞 導(dǎo)演 名詞 導(dǎo)演 12345語(yǔ)法指南directly conj. 一就direct vt. 導(dǎo)演;指揮director n. 導(dǎo)演12345語(yǔ)法指南易錯(cuò)提示注意區(qū)別direct和directly的用法。(1)兩者用作副詞時(shí),均可表示“徑直地”“直接地”,但direct通常只位于動(dòng)詞之后,而directly則可位于動(dòng)詞之前或動(dòng)詞之后。如:We flew direct/di

21、rectly to Paris.我們直飛巴黎。His speech directly affected the strike.他的演講直接影響了罷工。(2)表示“一會(huì)兒”“馬上”“不久”,只用directly,不用direct。如:Ill be there directly.我一會(huì)兒就去那兒。(3)用作連詞,表示“一就”,只用directly,不用direct。如:Directly I walked into the room I saw him.我一進(jìn)入這個(gè)房間,我就看見(jiàn)了他。12345語(yǔ)法指南12345語(yǔ)法指南51234語(yǔ)法指南非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ)(一)不定式作狀語(yǔ),表目的/結(jié)果(往往指意料之

22、外的結(jié)果),但要注意其邏輯主語(yǔ)應(yīng)與句子的主語(yǔ)保持一致。(二)分詞作狀語(yǔ)*現(xiàn)在分詞:主動(dòng)、正在進(jìn)行、表意料之中的結(jié)果*過(guò)去分詞:被動(dòng)、已完成*當(dāng)分詞的動(dòng)作前無(wú)自己的邏輯主語(yǔ),則將其主語(yǔ)看成主句的主語(yǔ),而此時(shí)若表被動(dòng)常省略掉從句中的主語(yǔ)和系動(dòng)詞。If you put more salt into the soup,you will find it more delicious.=Putting more salt into the soup,you will find it more delicious.When he was asked about his family,he made no a

23、nswer.=(When) Asked about his family,he made no answer.51234語(yǔ)法指南 (三)注意1.非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)必須和句子的主語(yǔ)保持一致,構(gòu)成主動(dòng)或被動(dòng)關(guān)系。Hearing the news,tears filled her eyes.()Hearing the news,she burst into tears.()2.表示時(shí)間關(guān)系的分詞短語(yǔ)有時(shí)可由連接詞while或when引導(dǎo)。如:Be careful when crossing the street.過(guò)馬路時(shí)小心。3.有時(shí),“with或without+名詞(或代詞賓格)+分詞”的結(jié)構(gòu)表

24、示伴隨狀況或原因。With all the work done,he happily went home.工作都做好了,他愉快地回家了。51234語(yǔ)法指南4.當(dāng)分詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)與主句的主語(yǔ)不同時(shí),分詞需有自己的主語(yǔ),構(gòu)成獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。Our monitor being ill,wed better putting the meeting off.班長(zhǎng)病了,我們最好推遲開(kāi)會(huì)。Time permitting,we will go out.=If time permits,we will go out.如果時(shí)間允許,我們就出去。Being Sunday today,the library doesnt open.=Because it is Sunday today,the library doesnt open.因?yàn)榻裉焓侵苋?圖書(shū)館不開(kāi)放。51234語(yǔ)法指南5.某些固定結(jié)構(gòu)中,分詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)不受句子主語(yǔ)的限制,可獨(dú)立使用,稱為獨(dú)立分詞結(jié)構(gòu)。這些結(jié)構(gòu)有:a