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1、計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)試題精品文檔1.Explain Client-Server model for distributed computing by example.Client-server model can make computing faster than just use the server to computing and the client just be a browser.For example ,the data stored in a powerful server machine ,and the cilent connected with the server by in
2、ternet,it maniplation data at local cilent ,so the server can handle more request from other clients,and the client can make full use of it hardware resource.So the distributed computing can be very fast.2. Explain Peer-to-Peer model for distributed computing by examplePeer-to-Peer model means indiv
3、iduals who form a loose group can communicate with others in the group,everyone in this group can communicate with one or more other people ,and everone can be clients and servers.For example ,if we use BitTorrent to download a film,we download it from other people who also have this software and th
4、e resource, not just from one or two server.At the same time ,our resources also be shared and downloaded by other people , it makes the speed of the transmission more faster than before.3. Compare concepts of Broadcasting, Multicasting, Unicasting.Broadcasting : Broadcast systems usually allow the
5、possibility of addressing a packet to all destinations by using a special code in the address field. When a packet with this code is transmitted, it is received and processed by every machine on the network. Multicasting :If borad cast systems also support taransmission to a subset of the machine,it
6、 called multicasting.Unicasting :Point-to-point transmission with exactly one sender and exactly one receiver is sometimes called unicasting.4. What are the two generally accepted angles by which computer networks can be classified?It can be classified from Network node distribution and Network Topo
7、logy.5. Describe some characteristics of the Ethernet.Ethernet often used in local area networks, is the most common type of wired LAN. it use copper wires, optical fibers.and it frame in IEEE802.3收集于網(wǎng)絡(luò),如有侵權(quán)請(qǐng)聯(lián)系管理員刪除精品文檔6.How is a WAN organized? explain packet-switched principle.WAN spans a large geo
8、graphical area,often a country or continent,and less lines, In WAN,the hosts and subnet are owned and operated by different people.And before the message be sended,it will be cut into packets,every packets s header inserted some message about the target address ,and then post them ,be received ateac
9、h intermediate router .7.What are two reasons for using layered protocols? It can reduce the design complexity,every layer just need to concern about it s own fuction. if the protocols changes,the other layer s protocols don t need to change.8. What is the principal difference between connectionless
10、 communication and connection-oriented communication?Connection-oriented service need to establish a connection and until the connection establish success ,it starts the data transmission.if the transmission stop ,it close the connection,and the data transmission is ordered.Connectionless service :e
11、ach message carries the full destination address and each one is routed through the intermediate nodes inside the system independent of all the subsequent messages.and the receiver get the messages unordered.9. Explain the relationship between services and protocols.The service defines what operatio
12、ns the layer is prepared perform onit susers ,but doesn t say how these operations are implemented.and it s on a low level.The protocol is a set of rules governing the format and meaning of the packets,ormessages that are exchanged by the peer entities within alayer( 同一層上的對(duì)象 )entities use protocols
13、to implement(實(shí)施 ) theirserevice definitions.收集于網(wǎng)絡(luò),如有侵權(quán)請(qǐng)聯(lián)系管理員刪除精品文檔10. Which of the OSI layers handles each of the following:11.(a)Dividing the transmitted bit stream into frames.Data Link Layer12.(b)Determining which route through the subnet to use.Network Layer13. If the unit exchanged at the data
14、link level is called a frame and the unit exchanged at the network level is called a packet, do frames encapsulate packets or do packets encapsulate frames? Explain your answer.Do frames encapsulate packets, because the data link level is lower than network level,the packet which from network level
15、neet to beencapsulated in frame s data header,and the sent to physical layer.14. A system has an n-layer protocol hierarchy( 分層協(xié)定 ). Applications generate messages of length M bytes. At each of the layers, an h-byte header is added. What fraction of the network bandwidth is filled with headers?h*n /
16、(M+h*n)15. Suppose the algorithm used to implement the operations at layer k is changed, how does this impact operations at layers k-1 and k+1?It doesn t influence the layer k+1 and k-1;16. Suppose there is a change in the service (set of operations) provided by layer k, how does this impact service
17、s at layers k-1 and k+1?It doesn t influence the layer k+1 and k-1;17. List two ways in which the OSI reference model and the TCP/IP reference model are the same. Now list two ways in which they differ.Same they all need layer for each different level of abstarction each layer performs a function.Di
18、fference : OSI reference model have seven level,and tcp/ip just has four level . OSI supports both in the network layer ,tcp/ip supports only connectionless mode in the network layer.18. Please draw a diagram showing the OSI reference model.sorry19. What is the main difference between TCP and UDP.Tc
19、p is connection-oriented protocol.UDP is connectionless protocol.Tcp s transmitted message is ordered ,and UDP s not收集于網(wǎng)絡(luò),如有侵權(quán)請(qǐng)聯(lián)系管理員刪除精品文檔20. When a file is transferred between two computers, two acknowledgement strategies are possible. In the first one, the file is chopped up into packets, which ar
20、e individually acknowledged by the receiver, but the file transfer as a whole is not acknowledged. In the second one, the packets are not acknowledged individually, but the entire file is acknowledged when it arrives. Discuss these two approaches.First one :if one packge has error,it don t need to s
21、end all the file again,but the size of all transferred message is larger than the second one.Second one:if one packet has error,the whole file need to retransfer again.21. Assume you post a regular letter to a friend, do you think the postal service is a reliable service? if you want to make sure th
22、at the letter will arrive at your friend's mail box, think of a protocol based on the regular letter postal service.Postal service is not a reliable service ,I will send two letters ,one is the message which be encrypted,the other is the key,and each one s header has the message that tell the friend if he just get one letter,then reply me ,and I will send it again ,that s all.if he get all,reply ok to me.else ,I will send two messages again.22. The In
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