外文翻譯旅游服務(wù)貿(mào)易的比較優(yōu)勢(shì)

1、外文翻譯-旅游服務(wù)貿(mào)易的比較優(yōu)勢(shì)思想的比較優(yōu)勢(shì)中提到的最早的阿丹史密斯國(guó)富，然后來(lái)到 了李嘉圖比較優(yōu)勢(shì)理論。由禮f赫克歇爾和作者bert訂oh訂in 研究，因素是加入的理論和比較優(yōu)勢(shì)理論的進(jìn)一步完善。隨著國(guó) 際貿(mào)易的發(fā)展，人們發(fā)現(xiàn)，在國(guó)際貿(mào)易中發(fā)生的事情不能由比較 優(yōu)勢(shì)理論來(lái)解釋。所以，邁克爾波特出來(lái)的比較優(yōu)勢(shì)的國(guó)家和構(gòu) 建國(guó)家競(jìng)爭(zhēng)優(yōu)勢(shì),構(gòu)建比較完善的理論體系的理論。二次大戰(zhàn)以后，隨著國(guó)際和平環(huán)境的來(lái)臨，世界經(jīng)濟(jì)的日益繁 榮和國(guó)際交往的不斷擴(kuò)大，旅游業(yè)已經(jīng)成為世界規(guī)模最大的產(chǎn)業(yè), 其發(fā)展對(duì)于世界各國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展都帶來(lái)了重要的貢獻(xiàn)，由于國(guó)際 旅游業(yè)是世界經(jīng)濟(jì)中最具有廣泛前景的一個(gè)組成部分，各國(guó)都在

2、 繼續(xù)努力的開(kāi)放并積極參與這一領(lǐng)域的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。我國(guó)作為國(guó)際旅游 競(jìng)爭(zhēng)領(lǐng)域的后來(lái)者，要想從旅游資源大國(guó)向世界旅游強(qiáng)國(guó)轉(zhuǎn)變， 增強(qiáng)國(guó)際旅游服務(wù)貿(mào)易的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力是解決問(wèn)題的必由之路。如何將 現(xiàn)有的國(guó)際貿(mào)易理論移植到旅游服務(wù)貿(mào)易領(lǐng)域，并加以應(yīng)用來(lái)指 導(dǎo)實(shí)踐，是本文在研究旅游服務(wù)貿(mào)易領(lǐng)域嘗試的一條新分析思 路。本文在比較優(yōu)勢(shì)理論、波特的國(guó)家競(jìng)爭(zhēng)優(yōu)勢(shì)理論等理論基 礎(chǔ)上,依據(jù)近年我國(guó)有關(guān)統(tǒng)計(jì)資料，以相關(guān)的貿(mào)易理論及現(xiàn)代統(tǒng) 計(jì)方法為指導(dǎo)，定性和定量分析相結(jié)合的方法，將理論與實(shí)踐相 結(jié)合采用貿(mào)易競(jìng)爭(zhēng)指數(shù)、國(guó)際市場(chǎng)占有率、貿(mào)易顯示性優(yōu)勢(shì)指數(shù) 及勞動(dòng)生產(chǎn)率指標(biāo)等指標(biāo)來(lái)構(gòu)架評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)體系，借用eviews統(tǒng) 計(jì)分析軟件，運(yùn)用多

3、元回歸方法。得出了以下結(jié)論：我國(guó)國(guó)際旅 游服務(wù)貿(mào)易比較優(yōu)勢(shì)較為突出，國(guó)際競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力相對(duì)較強(qiáng)。但是這樣 的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力只是暫時(shí)的，可能存在后勁不足的問(wèn)題。通過(guò)實(shí)證分析 發(fā)現(xiàn)影響國(guó)際旅游服務(wù)貿(mào)易競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力因素，交通運(yùn)輸，組織化程度 與我國(guó)國(guó)際旅游服務(wù)貿(mào)易競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力水平成正相關(guān)關(guān)系。根據(jù)分析的 結(jié)果，本文在實(shí)行保護(hù)、開(kāi)發(fā)創(chuàng)新并重的原則下，從基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè), 交通條件，產(chǎn)業(yè)組織結(jié)構(gòu)等方面著手改善我國(guó)國(guó)際旅游服務(wù)貿(mào)易 競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力水平。就在國(guó)際市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)改天換地的時(shí)刻，國(guó)際服務(wù)貿(mào)易挺身而出, 后來(lái)在國(guó)際貿(mào)易，但它的份額變得越來(lái)越大，所有國(guó)家更加重視 服務(wù)貿(mào)易。因此，服務(wù)貿(mào)易納入關(guān)貿(mào)總協(xié)定的多邊貿(mào)易體制。上 世紀(jì)后半葉，全球旅游界盛

4、行著這樣一個(gè)觀點(diǎn)，旅游業(yè)是21世紀(jì) 產(chǎn)業(yè)和朝陽(yáng)產(chǎn)業(yè)，旅游業(yè)將在21世紀(jì)蓬勃發(fā)展，實(shí)現(xiàn)大跨越與大 發(fā)展，成為獨(dú)領(lǐng)風(fēng)騷的產(chǎn)業(yè),并有著不衰的生命力和極強(qiáng)的競(jìng)爭(zhēng) 力。近30年來(lái),西方發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家服務(wù)貿(mào)易額的增長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過(guò)了貨物 貿(mào)易。作為服務(wù)貿(mào)易最為重要的組成部分，作為中國(guó)加入wt0后 少數(shù)具有國(guó)際競(jìng)爭(zhēng)優(yōu)勢(shì)的重要產(chǎn)業(yè)之一，旅游服務(wù)貿(mào)易口益受到 世界各國(guó)的廣泛關(guān)注和重視。改革開(kāi)放以來(lái)，我國(guó)的旅游業(yè)已經(jīng) 取得了巨大的成就，但是要想把我國(guó)從旅游大國(guó)轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)槁糜螐?qiáng)國(guó), 增強(qiáng)我國(guó)旅游服務(wù)國(guó)際貿(mào)易競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力是無(wú)法回避的問(wèn)題。產(chǎn)業(yè)國(guó)際 競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力鉆石模型理論運(yùn)用于旅游服務(wù)貿(mào)易領(lǐng)域，研究我國(guó)旅游服 務(wù)貿(mào)易的國(guó)際競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力問(wèn)題。然而,服務(wù)

5、貿(mào)易是國(guó)際貿(mào)易領(lǐng)域中發(fā)展最為迅速的地區(qū)。在最 近的幾十年中，西方發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家服務(wù)貿(mào)易額的增長(zhǎng)已經(jīng)遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超出了 貨物貿(mào)易的增長(zhǎng)。由于在服務(wù)貿(mào)易的最重要組成部分，作為少數(shù) 具有國(guó)際競(jìng)爭(zhēng)優(yōu)勢(shì)加入wto后中國(guó)重點(diǎn)行業(yè)之一，旅游業(yè)得到了 廣泛的關(guān)注。旅游在我國(guó)已獲得在改革開(kāi)放30年來(lái)的巨大成就。 但它是一個(gè)不可回避的問(wèn)題，以促進(jìn)中國(guó)從旅游大國(guó)轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)橐粋€(gè) 強(qiáng)大的中國(guó)旅游的旅游業(yè)的國(guó)際競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力。本文利用了工業(yè)旅游的 國(guó)際競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力理論和是否對(duì)我國(guó)旅游業(yè)的國(guó)際競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力問(wèn)題進(jìn)行研 究。并說(shuō)明了當(dāng)前中國(guó)旅游業(yè)發(fā)展的情況,筆者利用波特先生的 “國(guó)家鉆石”模型來(lái)分析現(xiàn)有的關(guān)鍵因素可能顯著影響我們的旅 游業(yè)的國(guó)際競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力。此外，該文件

6、列出了一個(gè)指標(biāo)體系，對(duì)旅游服 務(wù)的進(jìn)出口數(shù)據(jù)的基礎(chǔ)上，這是三個(gè)國(guó)際市場(chǎng)占有率等因素，貿(mào) 易競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力指數(shù)，顯示性比較優(yōu)勢(shì)指數(shù)，指數(shù)構(gòu)成，使我們的世界旅 游競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的比較分析。世界旅游資源和旅游產(chǎn)業(yè)是中國(guó)旅游業(yè)的 外部環(huán)境，有最重大影響的中國(guó)旅游業(yè)。因此,在本論文第四部分, 介紹了世界上一些發(fā)展模式，分析了三個(gè)國(guó)家的旅游，并得到關(guān) 于如何開(kāi)發(fā)中國(guó)的旅游服務(wù)的新思路。最后，在結(jié)論基地以一定 的分析和評(píng)價(jià)方面取得的實(shí)際,筆者從為促進(jìn)旅游產(chǎn)品結(jié)構(gòu)，區(qū) 域結(jié)構(gòu)，旅游產(chǎn)業(yè)等中國(guó)的旅游競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的一些有益的建議。眾所周知，旅游業(yè)是最大的之一,在世界上發(fā)展最快的服務(wù)行 業(yè)。而以“永遠(yuǎn)的朝陽(yáng)產(chǎn)業(yè)”方面。7月21日，200

7、5年,人民對(duì) 中國(guó)銀行宣布我國(guó)開(kāi)始實(shí)行以市場(chǎng)供求為基礎(chǔ)的需求，是指一籃 子貨幣進(jìn)行調(diào)節(jié)，有管理的浮動(dòng)匯率制度。從現(xiàn)在開(kāi)始，人民幣價(jià) 格上升，并帶來(lái)了為我國(guó)的旅游業(yè)產(chǎn)生深遠(yuǎn)的影響。在人民幣升 值背景下，如何在旅游服務(wù)貿(mào)易在國(guó)際市場(chǎng)的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力大，如何成 為一個(gè)強(qiáng)大的旅游在世界各國(guó)，更注重競(jìng)爭(zhēng)而作出的旅游發(fā)展戰(zhàn) 略,并使用theries行為噸的實(shí)踐是這篇文章的主要觀點(diǎn)。作為國(guó)際旅游競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的新人，正面臨著與中國(guó)加強(qiáng)旅游服務(wù) 貿(mào)易的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力，從而成為行業(yè)中一流的從該國(guó)豐富的旅游資源球 員不可避免的挑戰(zhàn)。因此，它是一種新的分析方法,本文試圖在旅 游產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展投入在旅游服務(wù)貿(mào)易行業(yè)，這就是說(shuō)，作為一個(gè)榜樣， 采用

8、目前的理論使用已經(jīng)退出國(guó)際貿(mào)易理論實(shí)際使用o本文從對(duì) 中國(guó)的第三產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展的實(shí)際出發(fā)，然后分析哪些因素影響了旅 游服務(wù)在波蘭的“國(guó)家鉆石”模式為主業(yè)的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力。在此期間， 進(jìn)行了 一個(gè)評(píng)價(jià)中國(guó)的旅游競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力對(duì)旅游業(yè)的投入和產(chǎn)出數(shù)據(jù)， 市場(chǎng)份額比例在世界上的基礎(chǔ)。此外，本文通過(guò)對(duì)影響從這些地 區(qū)作為旅游的生產(chǎn)，國(guó)內(nèi)旅游需求因素的條件角度對(duì)旅游服務(wù)行 業(yè)因素分析，與旅游業(yè)相關(guān)或輔助行業(yè)狀況，旅游企業(yè)戰(zhàn)略,結(jié)構(gòu), 競(jìng)爭(zhēng)和機(jī)遇，和政府。最后，提出的建議和策略，以提高中國(guó)旅游 服務(wù)行業(yè)的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力。外文翻譯原文the comparative advantages of trade in tourism servi

9、cesmaterial source:world tourism economyauthot：david jamesthe thought of comparative advantage was mentioned earliest in the wealth of nation of adan smith, then david ricardo came out the theory of comparative advantage. by the research of eli f heckscher and bertil ohilin, factor was added into th

10、e theory and the theory of comparative advantage was further perfected. with the development of internationdl trade, people found that someth ing happen ing in in ter nati onal trade could not be explained by the theory of comparative advantage- so, michael porter came out the theory of comparative

11、advantage of nations and con structed compe titive adva ntage of nations and construe ted comparative perfect theory system.internatiorml service trade came forth later in international trade, but with the share of it becoming bigger and bigger, all the countrics attached more importance to service

12、trade. so, service trade was brought into mult訂ateral trade system of gatt. the tourism trade shared a large portion in the service trade, and brought forth a more concern of every government.with opening up of china' tourism market, the tourism service trade face opportunities and challenges ne

13、ver met before. this thesis was separated into four parts. the first partintroducc china" tourism service trade and analyze the importance to china， trade. classic comparative advantage theory and competitive advantage theory were discussed in chapter twoin chapter three, these two theories wer

14、e used to analyze actuality of china tourism trade. in chapter four, some countries' good measure were discussed, and relevant measures were brought forward to improve the competitive advantage of china" tourism service trade in the world.the service trade is the most rapidly developing are

15、a in the international trade domain in lhe recent several decades, the volume growth of service trade in western developed country has gone far beyond the growth of the goods trade. as the most important component in the service trade, eind as one of a few key industries which have internationeil co

16、mpetitive advantages after china enters wto, the tourism industry obtains the widespread attentioru tourism in our country has already obtained huge achievement during the 30 years of reform and open. but it is an unavoidable question to promote international competitiveness of china s tourism for c

17、hina transforming from the treiveling great nation to the travcling powerful one. this paper utilizes the theory of industrial international competitiveness in tourism and does a research on the problem of interneitional competitiveness of tourism in our country.and by illustrating the current devel

18、oping situation of tourism in china, the author uses mr. porter2 s "state diamond" model to analyze the existing key factors which could significantly affect our international competitiveness of tourism. furthermore, this paper sets up an index system basing on the tourism service data of

19、import and export, which is composed of three in dices such as in ter nati onal market occupancy factor, trade competitive power index, revealed comparativc advantage index, makes a worldwide comparative analysis of our tourism competitiveness. world tourism resources and the tourism industry are th

20、e external environment of china's tourism, and have the most significant impact to chirm's tourism. so in the four part of this thesis, the paper introduces some development patterns in the world, analyzes three countries，tourism and gets some new ideas on how to develop china's tourism

21、services. finally, bases on the conclusion made by the certain analysis and practical evaluation, the author provides some useful suggestions for promoting chirm's tourism competitiveness from the tourism product structure, regional structure of the tourism industry and so on.the tourism is one

22、of the biggest and develops quickest service industries in the world, and is regard as "the forever sunrise industryv on july 21, 2005, peoples bank of china announced our country starts to implement take the market supply and demand as a foundation, refers to a basket currency to carry on the

23、adjustment, to have the management floating exchange rate system. from now on, the price of renminbi was increased , and brought the profound influence for our country" s tourism. under the renminbi revaluation background, how big of the traveling service trade' s competitive in the interna

24、tional meirket; how to became a powerful traveling nation in the world; pay more attention to the competitive while make a strategy of traveling developmental and use the theries conduct t the practice are the main viewpoints in this article this article utilizes the domestic and foreign traveling c

25、ompetitive power theory in the traveling service trade domain, research the competitive power of our country' s traveling service trade international under the background of renmi birevaluation. first, this article to the domestic and foreign traveling international competitive power theory whic

26、h has carried on the elab omtion with to organize, discusses the suitable in the traveling service trade domain, has emphatically introduced the baud conpetitiv -e advantage theory。from the present si tuation, util izes the model “diamond” to analysis the primary factr for influence the compctitivc

27、of ur cuntry" s traceling and service tradeing. second, compared the main countries and the areas in the world with their traveling trade competitive under the situatin., then carries on the generalized an alysi is using the service trade comparison superiority index and the international marke

28、t percentage of target to our country trav veli ng international compe titive power. finally, take the above analysis as the basis, research the international competitive power t inhance our country" s traveling and service tradeing , then give some advice about how to improve the competitive o

29、f our tourism industries, such as deal the rate of exchemge reformation with a good way;optimize the traveling industrial structure;strength the power of development and management;learn form ther countries experienee and enhance the guidance power of the government.as a newcomer to the internationa

30、l tourism competition, china is faced up with inevitable challenges of enhancing the tourism service trade s competitive edge so as to become a first-class player in the industry from the country rich in tourism resources. as a result, it is one method of new analysis this paper attempts to develop in the tourism industry to put the already exiting international trade theory into use in the tourism service trade industry, that is to say, employ