口譯中的邏輯分析指的是對(duì)講話(huà)進(jìn)行縱向和橫向的分析(共5頁(yè))

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上Module 2 Logical analysisI Theory and skills口譯中的邏輯分析指的是對(duì)講話(huà)進(jìn)行縱向和橫向的分析，縱向分析是指分清關(guān)鍵信息和輔助信息，即找出邏輯的層次；橫向分析則是明確各信息點(diǎn)之間的邏輯關(guān)系，如因果關(guān)系、對(duì)比對(duì)照、舉例說(shuō)明等。邏輯分析的目的是為了透徹地理解原語(yǔ)講話(huà)的內(nèi)容，對(duì)信息的點(diǎn)（具體的信息內(nèi)容）、線(xiàn)（各點(diǎn)之間的聯(lián)系）和面（即整體概念）進(jìn)行全面的把握，以便于記憶和表達(dá)。信息經(jīng)過(guò)分析加工，便能在記憶中留下更深的印象。邏輯分析練習(xí)可分為縱向分析和橫向分析練習(xí)?？v向分析的訓(xùn)練方法和第一課介紹的概述練習(xí)有些類(lèi)似，但側(cè)重點(diǎn)不一樣?？v向分

2、析要求進(jìn)行邏輯分層訓(xùn)練，即在聽(tīng)完一篇講話(huà)后首先用一句話(huà)概括出講話(huà)的中心內(nèi)容，這是邏輯的最上層；圍繞這一中心問(wèn)題講話(huà)人談了哪幾個(gè)方面的內(nèi)容，這是第二層關(guān)系；而每個(gè)方面又具體談了些什么，這是邏輯的下一個(gè)層次。例如第一課的練習(xí)1.1介紹了三種錯(cuò)誤的飯后習(xí)慣，這三種習(xí)慣分別是：飯后立即吃水果、喝茶和散步；針對(duì)每一種錯(cuò)誤習(xí)慣，分析了其原因，提出了正確的做法；在原因里又提到幾種原因，分別是。就這樣將信息一層一層地剖析下去，形成一個(gè)清晰的邏輯線(xiàn)路圖，然后按照邏輯線(xiàn)路對(duì)原語(yǔ)講話(huà)進(jìn)行復(fù)述，復(fù)述時(shí)不必拘泥于原語(yǔ)的順序和結(jié)構(gòu)。橫向分析的練習(xí)則要求我們找出信息之間的邏輯關(guān)系。一般的信息結(jié)構(gòu)都遵從一定的邏輯關(guān)系模式，如

3、：概括（generalization）、分類(lèi)（classification）、因果（cause-effect）、對(duì)比對(duì)照（compare & contrast）、按照時(shí)間、空間、步驟、重要性的順序排列（sequencing）、列舉（simple listing）、提出問(wèn)題-解決問(wèn)題（problem-solution）等。找邏輯關(guān)系可以根據(jù)線(xiàn)索詞匯，如英文里表示概括關(guān)系的線(xiàn)索詞匯有：to sum up, in summary, in conclusion, in brief, in short, on the whole等；表示順序的詞匯有：first, second, furtherm

4、ore, before, preceding, during, when, finally, meanwhile等；表示對(duì)比的詞匯有：likewise, as well as, in common with, both, similarly，compared to等；表示對(duì)照的有：on the other hand, on the contrary, otherwise, instead, still, yet, whereas, differently等；表示因果的則有：so, since, because, as a result, consequently, lead to等等。邏輯分析

5、要求在聽(tīng)取信息時(shí)不是被動(dòng)地接收，而是在全神貫注地收聽(tīng)的同時(shí)，結(jié)合自己對(duì)口譯情境和講話(huà)人背景的了解，進(jìn)行合理的分析和預(yù)測(cè)，這樣才能更好地跟上講話(huà)人的思路，緩解“聽(tīng)”的壓力，使口譯理解更輕松更準(zhǔn)確。II Skills practiceTeaching suggestions: Tell the students to form a mind picture or logic tree while listening, trying to associate main points with the corresponding sub-points, and then do the retellin

6、g to check the effectiveness of their logic analysis.Instruction: retell the passage, paying attention to the logic2.1有償搭車(chē)“上班族”借助網(wǎng)絡(luò)發(fā)帖聯(lián)絡(luò)搭乘“順風(fēng)車(chē)”，這種出行方式最近在北京、上海、深圳等一些大中型城市開(kāi)始流行起來(lái)。一些網(wǎng)站還專(zhuān)門(mén)設(shè)立了相關(guān)的欄目，北京出現(xiàn)了全國(guó)第一家順風(fēng)車(chē)專(zhuān)業(yè)門(mén)戶(hù)網(wǎng)站，有需求者只要將自己的出發(fā)地和目的地發(fā)布上網(wǎng)，就會(huì)很容易獲得理想的搭乘機(jī)會(huì)。除此之外，也有一些搭乘者是通過(guò)朋友介紹認(rèn)識(shí)的。與國(guó)外一些國(guó)家搭順風(fēng)車(chē)現(xiàn)象有所不同的是，按事先約定，國(guó)內(nèi)的

7、一些搭乘者會(huì)以現(xiàn)金或?qū)嵨锏男问浇o車(chē)主一定的補(bǔ)償，而一些車(chē)主也將省錢(qián)和掙錢(qián)作為提供便利的目的之一。面對(duì)越來(lái)越多的汽車(chē)污染以及日漸嚴(yán)重的交通壓力，“順風(fēng)車(chē)”的出現(xiàn)無(wú)疑是件好事。但隨之而來(lái)的“有償搭車(chē)”現(xiàn)象卻引起了各方的不同看法。對(duì)此持贊同意見(jiàn)的人認(rèn)為應(yīng)該提倡這種做法，因?yàn)樗确奖懔顺塑?chē)人，也減輕了車(chē)主的經(jīng)濟(jì)負(fù)擔(dān)，同時(shí)還能緩解城市交通壓力；反對(duì)的人則認(rèn)為私家車(chē)收費(fèi)搭乘他人，嚴(yán)格意義上屬于非法營(yíng)運(yùn)，由于它沒(méi)有辦理任何證件，干擾了正常的客運(yùn)市場(chǎng)。政府應(yīng)加以嚴(yán)格管理；一些保險(xiǎn)公司相關(guān)人士還認(rèn)為，一旦發(fā)生事故，保險(xiǎn)公司有權(quán)拒賠，理由是營(yíng)運(yùn)車(chē)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)比較大，同類(lèi)型汽車(chē)的保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)收費(fèi)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，營(yíng)運(yùn)車(chē)輛要高于私家車(chē)。2.2

8、 Why are girls not as good at maths and science?Girls don't do as well at maths and science as boys. There are several reasons for this. The first and most important reason is that they aren't encouraged to play with toys that build up interest in maths and science problems and that build sk

9、ills for problem solving or understanding how things work. Girls are encouraged to play with toys that foster language and human relations skills. As a result, they can grow up not knowing how an engine works or how to build a model from directions. Second, studies have shown that teachers don't

10、 expect girls to be good at maths. Even female maths and science teachers pay more attention to boys in class and call on boys more often. Because teachers don't expect girls to excel, they don't try very hard, and soon girls are far behind boys in these studies. Finally, girls don't hav

11、e many role models to look up to. Not very many maths and science teachers are women, especially in the later grades. When the media picture mathematicians and scientists, they usually picture men. As a result, girls aren't inspired to choose these fields as careers. In summary, several factors

12、work together in the home, in schools, and in society at large to send a subtle message to girls. Girls almost always get the message; as a result, few girls excel at maths and science. III. Interpreting exercise2.1 Yo-Yo Ma詞匯與短語(yǔ)cellist大提琴家span跨過(guò)album專(zhuān)輯Grammy格萊美獎(jiǎng)composer作曲家Carnegie Hall卡耐基音樂(lè)大廳Jullia

13、rd School of Music朱利亞音樂(lè)學(xué)院anthropology人類(lèi)學(xué)collaborate合作genre流派vocal cords聲帶Language tips1. His career as a professional cellist spans more than 20 years and over 50 albums.他的大提琴職業(yè)生涯跨越了20余年50多張專(zhuān)輯?！盩o span” is to cover, to cross. It would sound more idiomatic Chinese if the sentence were translated: 作為大

14、提琴演奏家，馬友友的職業(yè)生涯已經(jīng)橫跨了20多個(gè)年頭，期間他發(fā)布了50多張專(zhuān)輯。2. His experiences at Harvard as well as his multi-cultural background have helped to shape who he is today. 他在哈佛的求學(xué)經(jīng)歷以及多元的文化背景都造就了今天的馬友友。”To shape who he is today”, to make him what he is, or to contribute to his achievements.3. The most important thing when h

15、e plays is to give all of himself all of the time in a performance：對(duì)他來(lái)說(shuō)，最重要的就是每一場(chǎng)演出都全身心地投入。”Give all of himself all of the time”, to be fully concentrated, to devote all of himself to. Today well meet one of the greatest cellists of our times, Yo-Yo Ma. His career as a professional cellist spans mor

16、e than 20 years and over 50 albums. He has been honored for his music with many awards including an amazing 14 Grammy. He has played on many important occasions including the Grammy and the Olympics. /Yo-Yo Ma was born in France to Chinese parents who were both musicians. His mother was a singer, hi

17、s father, a composer. Yo-Yo Ma gave his first public performance when he was only 5. 4 years later, at the tender age of 9, he was playing at the prestigious Carnegie Hall in New York, by which time the family had moved to the US. / Yo-Yo Ma pursued his cello studies at the Julliard School of Music.

18、 From there he opted to attend Harvard and got a degree in anthropology. His experiences at Harvard as well as his multi-cultural background have helped to shape who he is today. /Today Yo-Yo Ma continues his musical journey, never hesitating to collaborate with musicians of all genres and from arou

19、nd the world. He is inspired by people and nature. To him, the cello is an extension of his vocal cords. The most important thing when he plays is to give all of himself all of the time in a performance, to try to transmit the contents of the music to the audience he is playing for. /IV Self-study m

20、aterialInstruction: Retell to each other the following dialogue in groups, trying to compare whose logic is clearer and why.詞匯與短語(yǔ)“Hero”英雄（電影名）動(dòng)作片action movie模式formula報(bào)仇血恨r(nóng)evenge功夫超群outstanding Kongfu master題材廣博much broader theme“Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon”臥虎藏龍（電影名）李安Ann Lee（臥虎藏龍導(dǎo)演）huge hit引起轟動(dòng)，取

21、得巨大成功sequels續(xù)集martial arts champion武術(shù)冠軍獨(dú)特的武打技巧unique martial arts technique很深的哲理sophisticated philosophyCNN：Congratulations on “Hero”. I mean, is the part very similar to what you normally play? 李連杰：不，這是一部不同尋常的電影中的一個(gè)非常獨(dú)特的角色，和我以往演過(guò)的角色都不一樣?？梢哉f(shuō)這是我最重要的動(dòng)作片之一。CNN：Why do you say that? You have made about 30 movies. How is this one different from the rest? 李連杰：通常的動(dòng)作片都有這么一個(gè)模式：一個(gè)孩子的父母親被殺，這個(gè)孩子從小習(xí)武，立志報(bào)仇血恨。長(zhǎng)大后他果然功夫超群，除掉壞蛋，為父母報(bào)仇。但英雄