Book6_U4_重點詞匯講解(2)

1、U4 重點詞匯講解1 International aid helps many people around the world to have better lives, especially when things go wrong. 國際援助幫助世界上的許多人過上了更好的生活，尤其是當(dāng)情況變得糟糕的時候。go wrong 出毛病，發(fā)生故障；變糟，變壞go 的用法： go在此處充當(dāng)系動詞，后加形容詞做表語，表示變化 （通常是由正常變?yōu)椴徽?，好變成壞?。拓展： go deaf變聾go blind變瞎Go sour變酸go pale變蒼白Go mad變瘋go bad變質(zhì)eg. To my s

2、urprise, something has gone wrong with the engine. 使我吃驚的是，發(fā)動機出毛病 了。She went pale at the news. 聽到那消息她的臉色變得蒼白。Eggs go bad easily in summer. 夏天雞蛋容易變壞。He went blind after the accident. 這次事故后，他的眼睛就瞎了。2. Being a Goodwill Ambassador means that I visit countries where the UN operates programs to help people

3、.作為一名親善大使意味著我要訪問那些聯(lián)合國采取行動幫助其人民的國家。 operate: vt. 使用，使運轉(zhuǎn)（系統(tǒng)、項目、服務(wù)等）eg. The government operates a new system for assisting the old people. 政府制定了一個新的制 度來幫助老年人。Machines are operated by electricity. 機器靠電開動。Operate: vi 動手術(shù) operate on eg. The doctor operated on his chest yesterday. 昨天醫(yī)生給他的胸部動了手術(shù)。 Operation:

4、 n. 軍事行動；手術(shù)；操作，實施。eg. The army received an order to put off the operation. 部隊接到命令要推遲行動。The operation of the machine is simple. 這臺機器的操作很簡單。You 'd better examine the engine regularly to guarantee its smooth operation. 你最好經(jīng)常檢查 引擎以保證它能正常運轉(zhuǎn)。He is very ill and needs an operation. 他病得很重，需要做手術(shù)。3. I '

5、;m pleased to have this chance today to talk to you about the United Nations or the UN, as it is more often referred to. 我很高興今天有機會同大家談?wù)劼?lián)合國的情況，聯(lián)合國被稱為 UN. refer to: 1） 提交，交付； 2）求助，查詢； 3）參照，參閱； 4）言及，提到； 5）把 稱 作eg. You can refer to your notes in the exam but discussing with others is not allowed. 考試中你可

6、以參考筆記，但不可以與其他人討論。If you are still confused, please refer to the expert. 如果你還不明白，可以去問問專家。 The shop referred the complaint to the manufacturer. 商店把投訴轉(zhuǎn)交給了制造商。 Don 't refer to that matter again. 不要再提那件事了。Is she the lady referred to last night? 她就是昨晚提到的那位女士嗎？The speaker referred to him as an up-and c

7、oming politicians. 演講者被認為是一位政治新秀。4. I feel very honored to have been able to take on this role. 能夠擔(dān)任這個角色，我感到十分榮 幸。1) honor: vt. 尊敬，給予榮譽 eg. I'm honored that you could come. 很榮幸你能來。The young should honor the old. 年輕人應(yīng)該尊重老人。I hope that you can honor our agreement. 我希望你能信守我們的協(xié)議。 honor: n. 榮譽，面子，尊敬

8、eg. Everyone has the responsibility to protect the honor of his country. 每人都有責(zé)任保護祖國的 榮譽。The athletes won great honor for our motherland. 運動員們?yōu)槲覀兊淖鎳A得了無限榮譽。 We mush show honor to our teachers. 我們必須尊敬我們的老師。拓展： honor 構(gòu)成的常見短語 be honored for 因而受到尊敬 be honored with 被授予 be/ feel honored by 因而感到極大的榮幸 have t

9、he honor of doing sth./ to do sth. 有做的榮幸 in honor of . 為向表示敬意，為紀(jì)念 eg. He is honored with the title of a model teacher. 他被授予模范教師的稱號。He sang a song in honor of my birthday. 為慶祝我的生日他唱了一首歌。 honorable: adj. 可敬的，值得欽佩的，品格高尚的 eg. We all trust him because he is an honorable person. 我們都很信任他，因為他是一個高尚的 人。2) tak

10、e on: 承擔(dān)；雇傭；呈現(xiàn)(性質(zhì)、外觀) eg. Don 't take on more work than you can do. 不要承擔(dān)超過你所能符合的工作量。Jiangsu Province has taken on a new look in the past twenty years. 二十年來，江蘇省呈現(xiàn)的 嶄新的面貌。5. With the help of these armies and other worthy organizations the UN assists the victims of wars and disasters. 在這些軍隊和其他可敬的組織

11、的協(xié)助下， 聯(lián)合國為戰(zhàn)爭及災(zāi)難的受害者提供幫 助。worthy: adj. 令人敬重的；值得的，相稱的；有價值的 eg. He is a worthy teacher.他是一位受人敬重的老師。His behavior is worthy of praise. 他的行為值得稱贊。She said that she was not worthy to accept the honor they had offered her. 她說她不配接受他 們給予的榮譽。注： 1) worth 和 worthy 表示“值得的”時的區(qū)別。 be worth + n./ pron. / doing be wort

12、hy of + n./ being done/ to be done eg. The book is worth readingThe book is worthy of being read./ to be read. 這本書值得一讀。2) worthy 表示“可敬的”時，通常作定語，不作表語。6. Apart from the urgent problems caused by wars and conflicts, the UN helps countries withOther problems such as lack of education, lack of food, pove

13、rty, disasters and disease. 除戰(zhàn)爭和沖突引起的緊急問題外， 聯(lián)合國還幫助那些因教育匱乏、 食物短缺， 或由 貧窮、災(zāi)難、疾病引起問題的國家。lack: vt./ vi./ n. 缺乏，沒有， 需要vt. lack something They are so rich that they lack nothing. 他們非常富裕，什么都不缺。vi. lack for something She lacks for common sense. 她缺乏常識。n. (a) lack ofThe house couldn ' bet finished as a lac

14、k of funds. 因為缺少資金，房子無法完工。adj. be lacking inMoney for the project is still lacking. 開展這個項目的錢還沒有著落。She is lacking in confidence when delivering a speech in public. 她在向公 眾演講時總是缺乏自信。7. One of the jobs of the UN is to protect human rights and improve laws on behalf of people who need help. 聯(lián)合國的職能之一是保護人權(quán)

15、和完善那些需要保護的人而制定的法律。on behalf of sb. = on one 's behalf 作為某人的代表，為了eg. On behalf of my colleagues and myself I thank you.我代表我的同事以及我自己向你表示謝意。Ken is not present, so I shall accept the prize on his behalf. 肯不在場，因此我將代表他接受 此獎。8. If only I were a Goodwill Ambassador! 要是我是一個親善大使就好了！ if only 但愿，要是就好了。引導(dǎo)的句子

16、使用虛擬語氣。eg. If only I were rich! 但愿我很富有！If only I had taken your advice! 我要是早接受你的建議就好了。If only I should come to your party tomorrow evening! 明天晚上要是我能去參加你的聚會 就好了！9. What I want to remind everyone is, without your support- such as giving money-UNICEF would not be able to do so much good work. 我要提醒大家的是，

17、如果沒有你們的支持比如 捐款聯(lián)合國兒童基金會就不會做得那么好！ remind: 提醒，使想起。構(gòu)成短語： remind sb. of somethingremind sb. to do remind (sb) that eg. I'm sorry, I 've forgotten your name. Can you remind me? 對不起我忘了你的名字。 提醒一下 好嗎？Passengers are reminded that no smoking is allowed on this train. 旅客們請注意， 本次列車禁止 吸煙！That view reminds

18、 me of the days when I was brought up in the village. 這個場面讓我想起在村 子里長大的時光。10. We recommend using alternative sources of fuel such as charcoal. 我們推薦使用如木炭之類 的替代材料。recommend: vt. 推薦，介紹，建議 常用短語： recommend sth to sb = recommend sb sthrecommend doing sthrecommend sb to do sth recommend sb/ sth for / as sth

19、 recommend that sb (should) do .eg. This book was recommended to all the students. 這本書被推薦給了所有的學(xué)生。 I recommend booking the flight ticket as early as possible. 我建議盡早定機票。 He was recommended as the chief editor by his co-workers. 他被同事推薦當(dāng)主編。 He recommended that I (should) buy a new car. 他建議我買輛新車。recommen

20、dation: n. 建議，推薦eg. He should listen to the doctor 's recommendation that he (should) stay in bed. 他應(yīng)當(dāng)聽從醫(yī)生 的勸告，臥床休息。11. Unfortunately, if the pump breaks down, the repairing of the pump takes several days, as an engineer has to come from the nearest town to repair it. 不幸的是，如果水泵壞了，由于工程師 不得不從最近的城里

21、趕過來修理，因此修理水泵要用好幾天的時間。break down: 出故障； 失敗；(身體)垮掉； (談話、通訊)中斷 ; 打倒；分解 eg. The telephone system has broken down.電話線路壞了。They have to stop working because the machine had broken down. 他們不得不停止干活， 因 為機器又壞了。Negotiations between the two sides have broken down. 雙邊談判已經(jīng)破裂。Her health broke down under the pressure

22、 of work. 她的身體在工作的壓力下跨掉了。Firefighters had to bread the door down to save the people inside. 消防員不得不打破門救里 面的人After many years, rocks break down into dirt. 若干年后，巖石就風(fēng)化為塵。12. There is not enough money for more than one teacher in a village; farming is the main occupation.村子里沒有足夠的錢，只能聘請一位老師；農(nóng)業(yè)是主要的產(chǎn)品。occup

23、ation: n. C 工作，職業(yè)，消遣U 居住，占用，占領(lǐng)，控制 by occupation 職業(yè)上eg. Please state your name, address and occupation請. 說出你的姓名，地址，和職業(yè)。 He regarded stamp-collection as a childish occupation. 他把集郵當(dāng)作一種幼稚的消遣。 In many of the caves there 's evidence of human occupation. 許多巖洞中都有人類居住的痕 跡。The man is a physician by occup

24、ation. 那人的職業(yè)是內(nèi)科醫(yī)生。 occupy: vt 占用，占據(jù)，忙著be occupied with/ in = occupy oneself with/ in從事于正忙著eg. I have been occupied in reading history books. 我一直專心讀歷史書。13. Many of the people have fled to the mountains to escape the floods. 許多人都逃到山上以逃 避水災(zāi)。flee: vt. 逃離某地，逃避某事 flee- fled- fledvi. 逃走，逃散eg. He was caught

25、 tying to flee the country. 他在企圖逃離這個國家時被抓住。He fled to London after an quarrel with his wife. 他在和妻子大吵一架后跑到了倫敦。 This smile fled from her face. 微笑從她臉上消失了。拓展：辨析 flee/ escape/ run away flee 強調(diào)逃的行為是否逃脫并未說明。 escape強調(diào)從危險或其他不好的情況中逃離。 run away 多用于口語，含不辭而別的意思。eg. He escaped (from) being hurt in the accident. 他

26、在那場事故中沒有受傷。The enemies fled everywhere. 敵人四處逃竄。He ran away from home at the age of thirteen. 他十三歲時離家出走了。. 根據(jù)句子意思以及所給中文或首字母提示，寫出單詞的正確形式。1. My time is （ 寶貴的 ）; I can only spare you a few minutes.2. None of us knows how to （ 操作 ） this new machine, so we 'd better ask an expertfirst.3. At least eigh

27、t people were killed and dozens more were injured during the （沖突 ）between the two countries.4. I was informed this morning that I was to fly to Birmingham this evening on （ 緊急的 ）business.5. I did nothing wrong so I have a clear （ 良心 ）。6. Professor Zhang recommended some （ 參考 ） materials to me.7. Liv

28、ing in r mountain village, they have little contact with the outside world.8. The kind old man r me of my grandfather who passed away several years ago.9. It takes a lot of time and l to build a railway.10. He listens to the BBC every day with the p of improving his listening skills.11. We visited a

29、 special family in a （ 多山的 ）village last week.12. Peter, please introduce the new employee to your （ 同事 ） 。13. They decided to limit their living （ 開支 ）, so they could go on holiday.14. Mary wants to find a （ 臨時的 ） job in the summer vacation.15. Food, clothing and shelter are all （ 基本的 ） demands of

30、life.16. Wood, coal, oil and gas are all different kinds of f.17. There is only enough spring water to supply the need of the house, so we have to pwater from the river for farm use.18. That was in 1894, 20 years before the o of the First World War.19. It is often less expensive to see a doctor in a

31、 c than in a hospital.20. They say their findings offer a cheap and easy way of helping patients h faster.根據(jù)漢語提示，完成句子。21. His uncle that he the most well-known university in the country. （ 他的叔叔堅持要他上國內(nèi)的名牌大學(xué)。 )22. The general gave that the bridge before 5o 'clock in themorning.（ 將軍命令必須在凌晨五點前摧毀這座橋。

32、 ）23. it rain tomorrow, we to put off our visit to the SummerPalace.（萬一明天下雨，我們將不得不推遲參觀頤和園。）24. In order to write this important report well, I spent the whole afternoon the materials.（ 為了寫好這份重要的報告，我花了整個下午的時間查閱資料。）25. We should make our children learn to be independent rather than grow up their paren

33、ts.（ 我們應(yīng)該讓孩子學(xué)會獨立，而不是一直在家長的保護下成 長。 ）.單項選擇：26. the earth, there are seven other planets in the solar system.A. In additionB. Part fromC. BesideD. In addition to27. Should the present unemployment continue, the society would face a more troublesomeA. situationB. environmentC. conditionD. location28. Th

34、e stadium which was the club 's first chairman was built ten years ago.A. in honor ofB. instead ofC. in favor ofD. by means of29. You look anxious for promotion, but are you prepared to the extra responsibility?A. take onB. take offC. take overD. take up30. We had to give up our plan for money.A

35、. lack inB. a lack inC. lack ofD. lacking of31. After the earthquake had destroyed crops and houses, the farmers in the village were food and shelters.A. in great want B. in need of C. needed great D. in need32. Where are you going to spend your summer holiday? I 'll go _ it is already cool.A. w

36、hatB. thatC. whetherD. where33. He must be from Africa, can be seen from his skin.A. thatB. oneC. itD. as34. Their father is good at bed time stories.A. taking up B. bringing up C. making up D. picking up35. In his letter he to the great help he received from the teacher.A. referredB. mentionedC. co

37、mmentedD. remarkedD. dealing withD. becoming39.There were 21,880 persons for the torchrelay of the 2008OlymipicGames, it the36. When he entered the backyard, the farmer caught a boy his apples.A. stealB. to stealC. stole D. stealing37. Our teacher asked us to complete the exercise without a dictionary.A. looking upB. referring toC. consulting in38. he aimed a good singer.A. at becomingB. for becomingC. in becomingbigges