新概念英語(yǔ)第二冊(cè)17課超詳細(xì)筆記(共7頁(yè))

1、Lesson 17 Always young 【New words and expressions】生詞和短語(yǔ) appear v. 登場(chǎng)，扮演 stage n. 舞臺(tái) bright adj. 鮮艷的 stocking n. （女用）長(zhǎng)筒襪(棉的, 絨的, 并不是現(xiàn)在的絲襪) sock n. 短襪 appear v. 登場(chǎng), 扮演 vi. 出現(xiàn)，顯露（反義詞是 disappear） The plane appeared. The plane disappeared. vi. 當(dāng)眾露面；登場(chǎng)（演出等） The actor appeared. I cant appear in this dress

2、at the party. appear as 扮演角色 He appeared as a prince. appear on the stage as (扮演的確切表達(dá)) My aunt appeared on the stage as a young girl. vi. 似乎，看起來好像（與 seem 同義），顯得(系動(dòng)詞，后面直接加形容詞) He appears nervous. 他顯得很緊張(看起來) She appears to know you. Now it appears you are wrong. stage n. 舞臺(tái) on the stage 在舞臺(tái)上 in the s

3、tage 在某一階段(時(shí)期) bright adj. 鮮艷的 bright red 鮮紅色；bright yellow 明黃色； bright blue 寶藍(lán)色 【Text】 My aunt Jennifer is an actress. She must be at least thirty-five years old. In spite of this, she often appears on the stage as a young girl. Jennifer will have to take part in a new play soon. This time, she wil

4、l be a girl of seventeen. In the play, she must appear in a bright red dress and long black stockings. Last year in another play, she had to wear short socks and a bright, orange-coloured dress. If anyone ever asks her how old she is, she always answers, 'Darling, it must be terrible to be grown

5、 up!' 參考譯文 我的姑姑詹妮弗是位演員, 她至少也有 35 歲了. 盡管如此, 她卻常在舞臺(tái)上扮演小姑娘. 詹妮弗很快又要參加一個(gè)新劇的演出. 這一次, 她將扮演一個(gè)17歲的少女. 演出時(shí)她必須穿一條鮮紅色的裙子和黑色的長(zhǎng)筒襪. 去年在演另一個(gè)劇時(shí), 她不得不穿短襪和一件鮮艷的橘紅色的衣服. 一旦有人問起她有多大年紀(jì), 她總是回答:“親愛的, 長(zhǎng)成大人真可怕啊!” 【課文講解】 1、My aunt Jennifer is an actress. 以-ess 結(jié)尾的是女性；以-or、-er 結(jié)尾的是男性 actor男演員actress 女演員 waiter 男服務(wù)員waitress

6、 女服務(wù)員 prince王子 princess 公主lion 公獅子lioness 母獅子doctor 男醫(yī)生woman doctor 女醫(yī)生 god 神 goddess 女神 (God上帝 , 注意 “G” 大寫) 2、She must be at least thirty-five years old. 年齡的兩種表示方法： 數(shù)字+years old，作表語(yǔ) thirty-five years old 三十五歲 數(shù)字+-year-old，作定語(yǔ) my four-year-old daughter must + 動(dòng)詞原形 不得不, 必須；(對(duì)現(xiàn)在的)推測(cè) She must be a mode

7、l. She is fifteen years old. 她十五歲了 She must be fifteen years old. 她很可能十五歲 She must be at most fifteen years old. 她最多十五歲at most 最多She must be at least fifteen years old. 她至少十五歲at least至少 , 最少 If you cant clean the car, you can at least help me to clean it. 3、 In spite of this, she often appears on th

8、e stage as a young girl. in spite of不管，盡管 (“of” 為介詞, 后面一定會(huì)加名詞、代詞或從句) in spite of this 盡管如此In spite of this, I still like school.（school 前不加“the”表示上學(xué)，加“the”只表示學(xué)校） In spite of what you have said about her, she is much better than Mary. 4、Jennifer will have to take part in a new play soon. join參加了某一種團(tuán)體

9、 join sb./sth. join the army 參軍 join the party 入黨 join us (口語(yǔ))加入我們(這個(gè)團(tuán)體)中來 take part in 參加某一種活動(dòng) take part in the race 參加比賽 take part in a play take part in the party attend 出席 attend the meeting 參加會(huì)議, 出席會(huì)議 attend the party 出席宴會(huì) attend the class 上課 Thank you for your attending. 謝謝大家的出席(到來) Thank you

10、for your listening. 謝謝大家的聽講 5、This time, she will be a girl of seventeen. 兩種年齡的表達(dá)： She is eighteen years old. She is a girl of eighteen. 6、In the play, she must appear in a bright red dress and long black stockings. in+顏色、衣服 穿著樣的衣服，用介詞短語(yǔ)取代動(dòng)詞，避免了一句話中出現(xiàn)兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞 The boy in green. in a bright red dress 鮮紅色的

11、連衣裙 bright, orange-coloured dress 鮮艷的桔黃色衣服 7、If anyone ever asks her how old she is, she always answers, 'Darling, it must be terrible to be grown up!' ever = at any time 任何時(shí)候(時(shí)間副詞)it must be 一定(表示推測(cè)) be grown-up 作為一個(gè)成年人 grow up (人)成長(zhǎng)當(dāng)有人問你年齡時(shí)，你可以這樣回答： It is a secret. / It is privacy. I forge

12、t it.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞must的用法一、表示“必須”“一定要”，用法注意：（1）可用于肯定句、否定句或疑問句；用于否定句時(shí)，mustnt 意為“一定不要”“（可）不能”。如：You must phone him this evening. 今天晚上你必須給他打電話。You mustnt phone him this evening. 今天晚上你可不能給他打電話。Must I phone him this evening? 我今天晚上必須給他打電話嗎？注意，回答must引起的一般疑問句，如果要作否定回答，一般是用 neednt（不能用 mustnt）。如：A：Must I go there toda

13、y? 我必須今天去嗎？B：Yes, you must. 是的，你必須今天去。B：No, you neednt. 不，你不必今天去。（2）含有 must 的陳述句，其反意問句有兩種可能：若must表示“必須”，反意問句用 mustnt；若 must 表示“有必要”，反意問句用 neednt，但是由于在沒有上下文的情況下，很難分清must是表示“必須”還是表示“有必要”，所以有時(shí)兩者都可用。如：You must go there at once, neednt mustnt you? 你必須（有必要）馬上去那兒，不是嗎？二、表示推測(cè)，意為“準(zhǔn)是”“一定是”，注意以下用法：（1）對(duì)現(xiàn)在情況作推測(cè)，后

14、接動(dòng)詞原形；對(duì)現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行的情況作推測(cè)，后接動(dòng)詞進(jìn)行式；對(duì)一直在進(jìn)行的情況作推測(cè)，后接動(dòng)詞完成進(jìn)行式；對(duì)過去已發(fā)生的情況作推測(cè)，后接動(dòng)詞完成式。如：The man must have a lot of money. 這個(gè)人一定有不少錢。He must be writing a letter to his girl friend. 他一定在給他女朋友寫信。Someone must have been smoking here. 一定有人一直在這里抽煙。I must have read that in some book. 我一定是在某一本書上讀過這個(gè)的。比較以下各句：He must be ric

15、h. （現(xiàn)在）他一定很有錢。He must have been rich. （當(dāng)時(shí)）他一定很有錢。He must know the result. （現(xiàn)在）他一定知道結(jié)果。He must have known the result. （當(dāng)時(shí)）他一定知道結(jié)果。He must be waiting for us. 他一定在等我們。He must have been waiting for us. 他一定一直在等我們。must 表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在情況的推測(cè)后接動(dòng)詞原形時(shí)，該動(dòng)詞通常為狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞（如be, have, know 等），若為動(dòng)作動(dòng)詞，通常要轉(zhuǎn)換其他說法。如：He is sure to succee

16、d意思是“我肯定他會(huì)成功”。他肯定會(huì)把他的女朋友帶來。正：He is sure to bring his girlfriend.誤：He must bring his girlfriend.此誤句若視為正句，則表示：他必須把女朋友帶來。（2）表示推測(cè)的 must 通常只用于肯定句，在否定句或疑問句中要用 can 代之。如：If this is true, that must be false. 如果這個(gè)是真的，那個(gè)必然是假的。She cant be your daughter. 她不可能是你女兒。If winter comes, can spring be far behind? 冬天來了，春

17、天還會(huì)遠(yuǎn)嗎？（3）表示推測(cè)用于反意疑問句時(shí)要注意，反意問句的助動(dòng)詞不能用must，而要根據(jù)其后動(dòng)詞的形式來決定。如：He must be mad, isnt he? 他一定是瘋了，不是嗎？He must have gone home, hasnt didnt he? 他準(zhǔn)是回家去了，是嗎？He must have left here yesterday, didnt he? 他一定在昨天就離開這兒了，不是嗎？當(dāng)“must + have+過去分詞”不連用具體的過去時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，反意問句通常用完成式，有時(shí)也用過去時(shí)；但是若連用了具體的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，通常只用過去時(shí)。三、有時(shí)表示巧合，說明某事發(fā)生得不早不遲

18、，就在某個(gè)當(dāng)緊的時(shí)候，多指某些不受歡迎的事情的發(fā)生，在漢語(yǔ)中通常譯為“偏偏”。如：Just when I was busy, the neighbor must come and chatter. 正當(dāng)我忙碌的時(shí)候，鄰居偏偏過來聊天。John must choose the day I had company coming, to start painting the bathroom. 約翰偏偏選擇我有客人來這天油漆浴室。有時(shí)表示主觀上的偏執(zhí)或固執(zhí)，?？勺g為“偏”“偏要”。如：Why must she be so nasty to me? 為什么她偏對(duì)我這樣惡劣？After I gave h

19、er my advice，she must go and do the opposite. 在我給她出主意之后她偏要反著干。有時(shí)可譯為“非要”“非得”“硬是”“硬要”等。如：Must you make so much noise? 你就非得弄出這么大的聲音嗎？Why must you always interrupt me? 你為什么硬是老要打斷我？must與have to的區(qū)別區(qū)別1：must多表示主觀需要或責(zé)任感的驅(qū)使有必要或有義務(wù)去做某事，多譯為“必須”，而have to多表示客觀存在的環(huán)境所限,即客觀要求(無(wú)奈)而為之，多譯為“不得不干某事”。例：I must clean the ro

20、om because there are too dirty.（無(wú)人強(qiáng)迫）因?yàn)樘K了，我必須要打掃房間。We must be there on time. （責(zé)任感的驅(qū)使）我們一定準(zhǔn)時(shí)到達(dá)。I have to do my homework now.（不得不做）我現(xiàn)在不得不做作業(yè)。I have to leave school because my family is poor now.（無(wú)奈）因?yàn)榧依锔F了，我不得不退學(xué)。區(qū)別2：must沒有時(shí)態(tài)的變化，而have to有時(shí)態(tài)的變化。例：Daming was hurt. The doctor said he had to stay in hospi

21、tal for about two weeks. His father has to go to take care of him.大明受傷了。醫(yī)生說他大概得住院兩周，他的父親得去照顧他。We dont have to go to school on Sundays.星期天我們不必上學(xué)。區(qū)別3：must的否定為mustnt， 多表示“禁令”。例：No !You mustnt turn left! You must turn right into The Strand.不！你不能向左轉(zhuǎn)！你應(yīng)該向右轉(zhuǎn)進(jìn)入到strand中。由must引起的疑問句，肯定回答要用must或have to，否定回答要用n

22、eednt或dont have to，意思是“不必”； 此用法在中考中的單選題中容易出現(xiàn)！例：1）Must I finish my homework before eight oclock?Yes, you must.我必須要在8點(diǎn)之前完成作業(yè)嗎？是的，必須。2）Must I attend the meeting?No, you neednt/dont have to. You can ask Tom to go instead.我必須要參加這次會(huì)議嗎？不。你不必。你可以讓湯姆替你去。重難點(diǎn)as 的用法1. 和一樣 ，（副詞，介詞）The ground was as white as snow

23、 with petals that had drifted down from the apple trees.滿地是蘋果樹上飄落下來的花瓣，地上一片雪白。2. (表示時(shí)間)當(dāng)還是的時(shí)候 (介詞)As we were talking about him, he knocked at the door.（正當(dāng)時(shí)候）3. (表示方式)以的身份,以資格,作為，以角色;以形式,扮演角色；As a cub reporter he would learn the facts of life in the newspaper world.作為一名初出茅廬的記者，他要了解報(bào)界生涯的內(nèi)幕。Just as wri

24、ting a fiction, programming is a process of creating art.如同寫小說一樣，程序設(shè)計(jì)也是一個(gè)藝術(shù)創(chuàng)造的過程。4. (表示原因)由于,因?yàn)?because；sinceAs the wage of the job was low, there were few applicants for it.因?yàn)楣べY低,沒有什么人申請(qǐng)這份工作。5. (表示比較)像一樣 likeDespite the threat of war, people go about their work as usual.盡管戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)一觸即發(fā)，人們?nèi)韵衿綍r(shí)一樣工作。6. 盡管,即使

25、,雖然 althoughTired as they were, they walked on.Child as he is, he knows a lot.7. 以的方式，in the way that, 作"像"、"按照的方式"解He speaks English as Americans do.Remember, you must do everything as I do.注意： 作"當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)候",引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。注意與when、 while的用法區(qū)別。1. when作"當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)候"解,可以指較短的(一點(diǎn))時(shí)間

26、,也可指一段時(shí)間。如:When he was at college, he could speak several foreign languages.When the clock struck twelve, all the lights in the street went out.2. while常表示一段較長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間或一個(gè)過程,強(qiáng)調(diào)主句與從句同時(shí)發(fā)生。如:Work while you work. Play while you play.3. 但屬下列情形時(shí),只用as, 而不用when或while。 用于表示同一個(gè)人的兩種動(dòng)作交替進(jìn)行,指"一邊,一邊"。如:The gi

27、rl dances as she sings on the stage. He looked behind from time to time as he went forward. 表示兩個(gè)同步發(fā)展的動(dòng)作或行為,譯為"隨著"。如:As time went on / by, she became more and more worried.As children get older, they become more and more interested in the things around them. 表示兩個(gè)短促行為或事件幾乎同時(shí)發(fā)生。如:I thought of

28、 it just as you opened your mouth. Just as the flying worm hit her face, she gave a loud cry. 后接名詞表示某一年齡段時(shí),用as。如: As a young man, he was active in sports.Dress, Suit, Costume，garment辨析Dress：dress 表示“衣服”，有兩種用法：1. 用作可數(shù)名詞，主要指婦女穿的連衣裙或上下連身的女裝，也可指小孩穿的衣服，但不指男人穿的衣服。如：She makes all her own dresses. 她的連衣裙都是自己

29、做的。She was wearing a beautiful dress. 她當(dāng)時(shí)穿著一身漂亮的衣服。2. 用作不可數(shù)名詞，表示“衣服”的總稱(不論男女)。如：He doesnt care much about dress. 他不太注意衣著。注：在現(xiàn)代英語(yǔ)中，dress 用作不可數(shù)名詞的用法已不常見。它主要用來指某些特殊種類的衣服(如禮服等)。如：evening dress 晚禮服 full dress 大禮服national dress 民族服裝  fancy dress 化裝服裝Suit:suit 是可數(shù)名詞，指一套衣服。一套男人的衣服由上衣、背心和褲子組成。一套女子衣服由上衣和

30、裙子組成。business suitsuit 也組成有特殊用途的服裝，如：a bathing suit 游泳衣，a sports suit 運(yùn)動(dòng)服，a  space suit 宇航服，a diving suit 潛水服。Costume:Costume多用來指戲裝，或某種場(chǎng)合穿的全套服裝，也可指某一歷史時(shí)期或某一國(guó)家,某一時(shí)代或某一團(tuán)體的特別clothing。例如：My cousin went to the party in a pirate costume（我表弟穿海盜裝去參加那舞會(huì)）          Elizabetha

31、n costume（伊麗莎白時(shí)代的服裝）;cowboy costume（牛仔服裝）Garment:Garment即是一件clothing，特別指穿在外面的clothing，如She pulled the garment on and zipped it up.她穿上衣服并拉好拉鏈。Garment更多的是商業(yè)用語(yǔ)，用于服裝的生產(chǎn)和銷售。例如：the garment industry 制衣業(yè)，garment design。在美國(guó)，如果說服裝廠，一定是用garment factory, 決不會(huì)說clothes factory.附：as用法練習(xí)例1 Lets learn to use the problem we are facing _ a stepping-stone to future success.( NMET 2008全國(guó)卷)A. to   B. for   C. as   D. by例2 Mother was worried because little Alice was