初中階段動(dòng)詞不定時(shí)的用法概述

1、【摘要】 本文將動(dòng)詞不定式在初中階段的用法加以梳理并概述，旨在使讀者對(duì)該語(yǔ)法有較為系統(tǒng)和全面的認(rèn)識(shí)?！娟P(guān)鍵詞】 動(dòng)詞不定式 主語(yǔ) 表語(yǔ) 定語(yǔ) 賓語(yǔ) 語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ) 狀語(yǔ) 否定式初中階段動(dòng)詞不定式的用法概述陜汽一校 王雪紅一、動(dòng)詞不定式的構(gòu)成及特征動(dòng)詞不定式是一種非限定動(dòng)詞，它的基本形式是：“ to+動(dòng)詞原形”。有時(shí)可以不帶to。動(dòng)詞不定式?jīng)]有人稱(chēng)和數(shù)的變化，句中不能做謂語(yǔ)。但它保留動(dòng)詞的特點(diǎn)，即可以有自己的賓語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)。動(dòng)詞不定式還具有名詞 、形容詞、副詞的特征。二、動(dòng)詞不定式的用法1、作主語(yǔ)To learn a foreign language is not easy.To have a walk

2、after supper is a good habit .動(dòng)詞不定式作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，往往用 it作形式主語(yǔ)，把動(dòng)詞不定式放在謂語(yǔ)之后。例如上面的兩個(gè)例句就可以改為：It is not easy to learn a foreign language.It is a good habit to have a walk after supper.這種用法可歸納為下面的句型：It is +形容詞 +動(dòng)詞不定式如果要說(shuō)明不定式表示的動(dòng)作是誰(shuí)做的，可以用for 引出，即：It is +形容詞 +for +某人+ 動(dòng)詞不定式It is not easy for us to learn a foreign la

3、nguage.在有些形容詞如kind, good, nice, clever, foolish, polite等來(lái)表示誰(shuí)怎么樣， 這些形容詞后常用of而不用for。即：It +is+形容詞+ of +某人 +動(dòng)詞不定式It was kind of her to help the old man.It was foolish of us to believe him.3、 作表語(yǔ)Their plan is to have a picnic on the mountain.My wish is to become a writer.3、作賓語(yǔ)They want to travel around t

4、he world.I try to study English better.初中英語(yǔ)中可以用動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)的及物動(dòng)詞有: want , hope, wish, begin, start, try, remember, forget, like, love, agree, learn, prefer等。4、作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)Linda asked Tom to help her with her physics.My parents want me to study harder.能帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有: tell, ask, want, like, teach, help, i

5、nvite, allow, wish, encourage等。另外，有些動(dòng)詞后跟的作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞不定式需省去to。這些動(dòng)詞及短語(yǔ)有：see, watch, look at, make, have, let, feel, hear, listen to, notice等。注意，上面這一用法在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中，省略的to 都要補(bǔ)上。這一用法可以總結(jié)成以下幾句順口溜：“三看（ see, watch, look at ）三使（make, have, let ）一感受（feel ）， 兩聽(tīng)（hear, listen to）一注（notice）記心頭。這些詞后接賓補(bǔ)，不定式前省去to，這些句子變被動(dòng)，省去的

6、to再加上?！?、作定語(yǔ)Have you got anything to say ?I have a lot of homework to do.It is time to have class.注意：這種不定式很多和它修飾的詞有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，因此，如果這個(gè)不定式是不及物動(dòng)詞，它后面就應(yīng)有必要的介詞。There is nothing to worry about.She is a nice girl to work with.6、作狀語(yǔ)（1）用來(lái)修飾動(dòng)詞，表目的、結(jié)果、原因。People came here to watch the football match.People will live

7、to be 200 years old.We jumped with joy to hear the news.（2）不定式也可用在作表語(yǔ)用的形容詞后面作狀語(yǔ)，說(shuō)明產(chǎn)生這種情緒的原因或是在哪方面存在謂語(yǔ)所表示的情況等。I am sorry to hear that.He is happy to hear the good news.We are surprised to find him there.She is always ready to help others.Be careful not to catch cold.（3）當(dāng)一個(gè)句子里帶有too或enough這樣的詞時(shí)，我們也常用一個(gè)

8、不定式來(lái)作狀語(yǔ)。I was too tired to walk on.The girl is old enough to go to school.三、動(dòng)詞不定式的否定式。動(dòng)詞不定式的否定式由“not + to + 動(dòng)詞原形”例如:My mother wants me not to play with fire.The teacher told the students not to copy others homework.四、疑問(wèn)詞與動(dòng)詞不定式的連用。疑問(wèn)代詞 who, what, which, 和疑問(wèn)副詞 when, where, how, why 等后面可以接動(dòng)詞不定式，構(gòu)成不定式短語(yǔ)。I was very upset, I dont know what to do.Can you tell me how to