數字圖像處理 降噪濾波 大作業(yè)

1、昆明理工大學信息工程與自動化學院學生實驗報告（ 20152016學年 第 一 學期 ）課程名稱：圖形圖像基礎程序設計 開課實驗室： 2015年 12月 1 日年級、專業(yè)、班物聯(lián)網131學號201310410133姓名李哲成績實驗項目名稱圖像綜合處理指導教師毛存禮教師評語 教師簽名： 年 月 日一、實驗目的及內容目的：掌握和熟悉Matlab編程環(huán)境及語言；掌握圖像降噪算法和用途。內容：在課程教學和查閱相關文獻資料的基礎上，選擇下面一個數字圖像處理技術專題，實現(xiàn)相應算法進行仿真實驗，并完成大作業(yè)報告。專題如下：(1) 圖像增強處理技術；(2) 圖像降噪處理技術。2、題目分析 利用matlab的GU

2、I程序設計一個簡單實用的圖像處理程序。該程序應具備圖像處理的常用功能，以滿足用戶的使用?，F(xiàn)設計程序有以下基本功能：1）圖像的讀取和保存。2）通過自己輸入數值，實現(xiàn)圖像的旋轉。3）圖像直方圖統(tǒng)計和直方圖均衡，要求顯示直方圖統(tǒng)計，比較直方圖均衡后的效果。4）能對圖像加入各種噪聲，5)并通過幾種濾波算法實現(xiàn)去噪并顯示結果。6）將圖像轉化成灰度圖像。3.總體設計軟件的總體設計界面布局如上圖所示分為顯示區(qū)域與操作區(qū)域。上邊為顯示區(qū)域：顯示載入原圖，以及通過處理后的圖像。操作區(qū)域：通過功能鍵實現(xiàn)對圖像的各種處理。設計完成后運行的軟件界面如下：4、具體設計現(xiàn)介紹各個功能模塊的功能與實現(xiàn)。4.1圖像的讀取和保

3、存： （1）利用matlab中 “ uigetfile”、“imread” “imshow”實現(xiàn)圖像文件的讀取與顯示：實現(xiàn)代碼：function pushbutton2_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)% hObject handle to pushbutton2 (see GCBO)% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)filename,p

4、athname=uigetfile('*.jpg''*.bmp''*.tif''*.*','載入圖像');if isequal(filename,0)|isequal(pathname,0) errordlg('沒有選中文件','出錯'); return;else file=pathname,filename; global S %設置一個全局變量S，保存初始圖像路徑，以便之后的還原操作 S=file; x=imread(file); set(handles.axes1,'H

5、andleVisibility','ON'); axes(handles.axes1); imshow(x); set(handles.axes1,'HandleVisibility','OFF'); axes(handles.axes2); imshow(x); handles.img=x; guidata(hObject,handles);end % - Executes on button press in pushbutton4.function pushbutton4_Callback(hObject, eventdata, h

6、andles)% hObject handle to pushbutton4 (see GCBO)% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA) sfilename ,sfilepath=uiputfile('*.jpg''*.bmp''*.tif''*.*','保存圖像文件','untitled.jpg

7、'); if isequal(sfilename,sfilepath,0,0) sfilefullname=sfilepath ,sfilename; imwrite(handles.img,sfilefullname); else msgbox('你按了取消鍵','保存失敗'); end（2）圖像保存。利用uiputfile和imwrite函數實現(xiàn)圖像文件的保存。實現(xiàn)代碼：function pushbutton4_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)% hObject handle to pushbutton4 (

8、see GCBO)% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA) sfilename ,sfilepath=uiputfile('*.jpg''*.bmp''*.tif''*.*','保存圖像文件','untitled.jpg'); if isequal(sfilename,sfilepath,0

9、,0) sfilefullname=sfilepath ,sfilename; imwrite(handles.img,sfilefullname); else msgbox('你按了取消鍵','保存失敗'); end3） 程序的退出。實現(xiàn)代碼： function pushbutton5_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)% hObject handle to pushbutton5 (see GCBO)% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of

10、MATLAB% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)clc;close all;close(gcf);clear;4.2圖像轉化為灰度圖像因為matlab中較多的圖像處理函數支持對灰度圖像進行處理，故對圖像進行灰度轉化十分必要。利用rgb2gray（X）函數對其他圖像進行灰度圖像的轉化。實現(xiàn)代碼：function pushbutton11_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)% hObject handle to pushbutton11 (see GCBO)% eventda

11、ta reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)global Taxes(handles.axes2);T=getimage;x=rgb2gray(handles.img); %RGB?×?imshow(x);handles.img=x;guidata(hObject,handles);4.3圖像直方圖統(tǒng)計和直方圖均衡（1）通過histeq（X）函數實現(xiàn)直方圖均衡。此函數只能對灰度圖像進行直方圖均衡所

12、以要先將彩圖轉為灰度圖像。實現(xiàn)代碼：function pushbutton12_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)% hObject handle to pushbutton12 (see GCBO)% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)global Taxes(handles.axes2);T=getimage;h=histeq(handle

13、s.img); imshow(h);handles.img=h;guidata(hObject,handles); （2） 直方圖統(tǒng)計。通過利用imhist(X)函數來實現(xiàn)直方圖統(tǒng)計。實現(xiàn)代碼：function pushbutton13_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)% hObject handle to pushbutton13 (see GCBO)% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB% handles structure with handles an

14、d user data (see GUIDATA)axes(handles.axes2);x=imhist(handles.img); %直方圖統(tǒng)計x1=x(1:10:256);horz=1:10:256;bar(horz,x1);axis(0 255 0 15000);set(handles.axes2,'xtick',0:50:255);set(handles.axes2,'ytick',0:2000:15000); 4.4加入各種噪聲，并通過幾種濾波算法實現(xiàn)去噪（1）加入噪聲。通過imnoise(I,type,parameters)來加入各種噪聲。加入椒鹽

15、噪聲實現(xiàn)代碼：function pushbutton6_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)% hObject handle to pushbutton6 (see GCBO)% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)global Taxes(handles.axes2);T=getimage; prompt='數日椒鹽噪聲參數1:'

16、 defans='0.02' p=inputdlg(prompt,'input',1,defans); p1=str2num(p1); f=imnoise(handles.img,'salt & pepper',p1); imshow(f); handles.img=f; guidata(hObject,handles);加入高斯噪聲：實現(xiàn)代碼：function pushbutton10_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)% hObject handle to pushbutton10 (see G

17、CBO)% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)global Taxes(handles.axes2);T=getimage; prompt='輸入高斯噪聲1:','輸入高斯噪聲2' defans='0','0.02' p=inputdlg(prompt,'input',1,defans); p1=str2

18、num(p1); p2=str2num(p2); f=imnoise(handles.img,'gaussian',p1,p2); imshow(f); handles.img=f; guidata(hObject,handles);加入乘性噪聲：實現(xiàn)代碼：function pushbutton8_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)% hObject handle to pushbutton8 (see GCBO)% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MAT

19、LAB% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)global Taxes(handles.axes2);T=getimage; prompt='輸入乘性噪聲1:' defans='0.02' p=inputdlg(prompt,'input',1,defans); p1=str2num(p1); f=imnoise(handles.img,'speckle',p1); imshow(f); handles.img=f; guidata(hObject,h

20、andles); （2） 濾除噪聲（椒鹽噪聲）濾波前中值濾波后實現(xiàn)代碼：function pushbutton14_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)% hObject handle to pushbutton14 (see GCBO)% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)global Taxes(handles.axes2); T=getim

21、age; k=medfilt2(handles.img); imshow(k); handles.img=k; guidata(hObject,handles);線性濾波后實現(xiàn)代碼：function pushbutton16_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)% hObject handle to pushbutton16 (see GCBO)% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB% handles structure with handles and user

22、 data (see GUIDATA)global Taxes(handles.axes2);T=getimage; h=1 1 1;1 1 1;1 1 1; H=h/9; i=double(handles.img); k=convn(i,h); imshow(k,); handles.img=k; guidata(hObject,handles);自適應濾波后實現(xiàn)代碼：function pushbutton18_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)% hObject handle to pushbutton18 (see GCBO)% eventdata

23、 reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)global Taxes(handles.axes2);T=getimage; k=wiener2(handles.img,5,5); imshow(k); handles.img=k; guidata(hObject,handles);低通濾波器濾波后實現(xiàn)代碼：function pushbutton19_Callback(hObject, eventdata, ha

24、ndles)% hObject handle to pushbutton19 (see GCBO)% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)axes(handles.axes2);y1=handles.img; f=double(y1); % 數據類型轉換，matlab不支持圖像的無符號整型的計算g=fft2(f); % 傅里葉變換g=fftshift(g); % 轉換數據矩陣M,N=s

25、ize(g);nn=2; %二階巴特沃斯低通濾波器d0=50; %截止頻率50m=fix(M/2); n=fix(N/2);for i=1:M for j=1:N d=sqrt(i-m)2+(j-n)2); h=1/(1+0.414*(d/d0)(2*nn); % 計算低通濾波器傳遞函數 result(i,j)=h*g(i,j); endendresult=ifftshift(result);y2=ifft2(result);y3=uint8(real(y2);imshow(y3); % 顯示處理后的圖像高通濾波器濾波后實現(xiàn)代碼：function pushbutton20_Callback(h

26、Object, eventdata, handles)% hObject handle to pushbutton20 (see GCBO)% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)axes(handles.axes2);x=(handles.img); f=double(x); % 數據類型轉換k=fft2(f); % 傅里葉變換g=fftshift(k); % 轉換數據矩陣M,N=s

27、ize(g);nn=2;d0=25; %截止頻率25m=fix(M/2); n=fix(N/2);for i=1:M for j=1:N d=sqrt(i-m)2+(j-n)2); % 計算高通濾波器傳遞函數 if d<=d0 h=0; else h=1; end result(i,j)=h*g(i,j); endendresult=ifftshift(result);y2=ifft2(result);y3=uint8(real(y2);imshow(y3); % 顯示濾波處理后的圖像4.5還原通過一個全局變量保存原始圖像路徑，在需要還原至原始圖像時，重新讀取該全局變量即可。實現(xiàn)代碼：f

28、unction pushbutton21_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)% hObject handle to pushbutton21 (see GCBO)% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)global S %還原 axes(handles.axes2); y=imread(S); f=imshow(y); handles.img=y

29、;guidata(hObject,handles);5、結果分析軟件測試基本成功，課題所要求的功能均能較好實現(xiàn)。但一些功能只支持灰度圖像的處理。其中值得一提的是在濾波處理中的低通濾波與高通濾波的效果。由于一般圖像中含有較多的低頻信息成分高頻成分較少，通過低通濾波后，噪聲以及高頻成分被濾除，圖像雖有少量失真，略顯模糊，但尚可辨識。但若是通過高通濾波后，大量的有效低頻信息被濾除，圖像嚴重失真，不可辨識。當我第一次拿到此次的課題時，感到有些無所適從。雖然，曾經學習過matlab的課程，在課程的考核中也取得了較好的成績，但由于對matlab的學習更多的只是停留在理論上的學習，在課時內的試驗也只是簡單的

30、基礎性試驗， 所以對matlab實際運用不是很熟練。 為此，在實踐正式開始前，我利用課余時間，重新復習了matlab教材，專門借閱了利用matlab進行圖像處理的相關教程，通過索引網絡上的相關資料，為課設做了較為充分的準備。在參考了相關材料及源程序，我對自己要做的課設內容有了進一步的了解，并對matlab的使用有了更深的體會。 當然，在課設的進行過程中，我還是遇到了不少問題。例如，起初由于我對句柄使用以及一些函數使用的不恰當，使得在對圖像文件的保存上就遇到了問題，不過最后還是在老師的提示下解決了。隨著課設的進行，對matlab的的熟悉度逐步加深。 總體來說，此次的課程設計，還是較為滿意的。它不

31、但鞭策著我去鞏固matlab的基礎理論知識，還提高了我對matlab的實際操作運用，使得理論與實踐相結合，為進一步學習matlab打下堅實的基礎；同時，在實踐的工程中，也讓我體會到一種努力付出并得到回報的滿足感覺。參考書目：(五號，宋體加粗)1 數字圖像處理（MATLAB）(第二版) 美Rafael C.Gonzalez 電子工業(yè)出版社附錄：(五號，宋體加粗)function varargout = faded(varargin)% FADED MATLAB code for faded.fig% FADED, by itself, creates a new FADED or raises

32、the existing% singleton*.% H = FADED returns the handle to a new FADED or the handle to% the existing singleton*.% FADED('CALLBACK',hObject,eventData,handles,.) calls the local% function named CALLBACK in FADED.M with the given input arguments.% FADED('Property','Value',.) cr

33、eates a new FADED or raises the% existing singleton*. Starting from the left, property value pairs are% applied to the GUI before faded_OpeningFcn gets called. An% unrecognized property name or invalid value makes property application% stop. All inputs are passed to faded_OpeningFcn via varargin.% *

34、See GUI Options on GUIDE's Tools menu. Choose "GUI allows only one% instance to run (singleton)".% See also: GUIDE, GUIDATA, GUIHANDLES % Edit the above text to modify the response to help faded % Last Modified by GUIDE v2.5 29-Dec-2015 22:05:27 % Begin initialization code - DO NOT EDI

35、Tgui_Singleton = 1;gui_State = struct('gui_Name', mfilename, . 'gui_Singleton', gui_Singleton, . 'gui_OpeningFcn', faded_OpeningFcn, . 'gui_OutputFcn', faded_OutputFcn, . 'gui_LayoutFcn', , . 'gui_Callback', );if nargin && ischar(varargin1) gui

36、_State.gui_Callback = str2func(varargin1);end if nargout varargout1:nargout = gui_mainfcn(gui_State, varargin:);else gui_mainfcn(gui_State, varargin:);end% End initialization code - DO NOT EDIT % - Executes just before faded is made visible.function faded_OpeningFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles, vara

37、rgin)% This function has no output args, see OutputFcn.% hObject handle to figure% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)% varargin command line arguments to faded (see VARARGIN) % Choose default command line outpu

38、t for fadedhandles.output = hObject; % Update handles structureguidata(hObject, handles); % UIWAIT makes faded wait for user response (see UIRESUME)% uiwait(handles.figure1); % - Outputs from this function are returned to the command line.function varargout = faded_OutputFcn(hObject, eventdata, hand

39、les) % varargout cell array for returning output args (see VARARGOUT);% hObject handle to figure% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA) % Get default command line output from handles structurevarargout1 = handles.

40、output; % - Executes on button press in pushbutton2.function pushbutton2_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)% hObject handle to pushbutton2 (see GCBO)% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)filename,pathname=uige

41、tfile('*.jpg''*.bmp''*.tif''*.*','載入圖像');if isequal(filename,0)|isequal(pathname,0) errordlg('沒有選中文件','出錯'); return;else file=pathname,filename; global S %設置一個全局變量S，保存初始圖像路徑，以便之后的還原操作 S=file; x=imread(file); set(handles.axes1,'HandleVisibil

42、ity','ON'); axes(handles.axes1); imshow(x); set(handles.axes1,'HandleVisibility','OFF'); axes(handles.axes2); imshow(x); handles.img=x; guidata(hObject,handles);end % - Executes on button press in pushbutton4.function pushbutton4_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)% hOb

43、ject handle to pushbutton4 (see GCBO)% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA) sfilename ,sfilepath=uiputfile('*.jpg''*.bmp''*.tif''*.*','保存圖像文件','untitled.jpg'); if i

44、sequal(sfilename,sfilepath,0,0) sfilefullname=sfilepath ,sfilename; imwrite(handles.img,sfilefullname); else msgbox('你按了取消鍵','保存失敗'); end % - Executes on button press in pushbutton5.function pushbutton5_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)% hObject handle to pushbutton5 (see GCBO)%

45、eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)clc;close all;close(gcf);clear; % - Executes on button press in pushbutton6.function pushbutton6_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)% hObject handle to pushbutton6 (see GCBO)

46、% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)global Taxes(handles.axes2);T=getimage; prompt='數日椒鹽噪聲參數1:' defans='0.02' p=inputdlg(prompt,'input',1,defans); p1=str2num(p1); f=imnoise(handles.img,&

47、#39;salt & pepper',p1); imshow(f); handles.img=f; guidata(hObject,handles); % - Executes on button press in pushbutton7.function pushbutton7_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)% hObject handle to pushbutton7 (see GCBO)% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB% hand

48、les structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA) % - Executes on button press in pushbutton8.function pushbutton8_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)% hObject handle to pushbutton8 (see GCBO)% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB% handles structure with handles an

49、d user data (see GUIDATA)global Taxes(handles.axes2);T=getimage; prompt='輸入乘性噪聲1:' defans='0.02' p=inputdlg(prompt,'input',1,defans); p1=str2num(p1); f=imnoise(handles.img,'speckle',p1); imshow(f); handles.img=f; guidata(hObject,handles); % - Executes on button press

50、in pushbutton9.function pushbutton9_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)% hObject handle to pushbutton9 (see GCBO)% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA) % - Executes on button press in pushbutton10.function push

51、button10_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)% hObject handle to pushbutton10 (see GCBO)% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)global Taxes(handles.axes2);T=getimage; prompt='輸入高斯噪聲1:','輸入高斯噪聲2' d

52、efans='0','0.02' p=inputdlg(prompt,'input',1,defans); p1=str2num(p1); p2=str2num(p2); f=imnoise(handles.img,'gaussian',p1,p2); imshow(f); handles.img=f; guidata(hObject,handles); % - Executes on button press in pushbutton11.function pushbutton11_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)% hObject handle to pushbutton11 (see GCBO)% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)global Taxes(handles.axes2);T=getimage;x=rgb2g