2020高考英語(yǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)

1、2020 高考英語(yǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)2020 高考就要到來了，英語(yǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn)同學(xué)們都掌握了嗎？如果還沒有可要抓經(jīng)時(shí)間 了。下面就是小編給大家?guī)淼?高考英語(yǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)，希望能幫助到大家！ 高考英語(yǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié) 1一、短語(yǔ)歸納1. take after 長(zhǎng)相或舉止像 （某個(gè)長(zhǎng)輩 ）（不用進(jìn)行時(shí) ）Mary really takes after her mother;she has the same eyes ， nose and hair. 瑪麗 真像她媽媽，眼睛、鼻子和頭發(fā)都一個(gè)樣。2. take apart 把（小型機(jī)器、鐘表等 ）拆開;拆散;（在體育運(yùn)動(dòng)或比賽中 ）把 徹底 打敗;對(duì)苛求;嚴(yán)厲批評(píng) Ta

2、ke the watch apart and see if you can see whats wrong with it. 把手表拆開來看看你能不能檢查出什么毛病。England was really taken apart by Italy in last night在s昨 m晚at的ch比. 賽中，英格蘭隊(duì)可謂給意大利隊(duì)打得潰不成軍了。3. take as 看作，認(rèn)為 （=regard / consider / look on / treat as）I took your nod as a sign of approval. 我把你的點(diǎn)頭看作是同意的表示了。4. take away 拿走

3、;使停學(xué)，使離開 ;使消失;減去 The child was taken away（ 輟 學(xué)）from school. Now I ll give you some tablets to take away使（ 消失）the pain.Take away（ 減去 ）2 from 4 and you get 2.take away from 貶低（有益或令人滿意之事物 ）的作用 His refusal to accept the prize does not take away from his success in winning it. 他拒絕領(lǐng)獎(jiǎng)無損于他贏得此 獎(jiǎng)的斐然成績(jī)。5. take

4、 back 承認(rèn)說錯(cuò)了 （話），收回（諾言、話語(yǔ) ）;使回憶起 ;送回，還回去 ;退（貨） I m sorry I was rude;I take back everything I s aid. 對(duì)不起我失禮了，我承認(rèn)我所 說的全都錯(cuò)了。Seeing that old film really took me back! 觀看那部舊電影的確使我回想起了過去 的歲月。6. take down 拿下，取下 ;記下來 ;褪下（褲子等穿于腰以下的衣物 ）;把（大型機(jī)器或 大物件）拆成零部件;把拆卸開（tear down 推倒;拆毀 pull down 拆毀）When the picture was t

5、aken down ，the wall looked very bare. 把那幅畫取下來 后墻壁就顯得毫無裝飾了。Well have to take the engine down to get to the gearbox. 我們得先拆卸發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)， 才能接觸到變速箱。7. take in 接待 （某人）留宿 ;欺瞞，欺騙 ;充分理解，掌握 ;把（衣服）改窄（let out 加寬， 放長(zhǎng)，加大 ）;包含，包括 He had nowhere to sleep so we offered to take him in. 他沒 有地方可睡，我們于是就提出讓他留宿。Don t be taken in

6、by his promises. 不要被他的許諾所蒙騙 !It took me a long time to take in what you were saying.我費(fèi)了好長(zhǎng)時(shí)間才弄明白你所說的話。My dress is a bit loose round the waist could you take it in for me? 我衣服的腰 圍有點(diǎn)寬松，你能給我改窄一些嗎 ?This is the total cost of the holiday ，taking everything in. 這是度假的全部費(fèi)用， 一切都包括在內(nèi)。8. take off 脫下，脫去 （尤指衣服）;解（

7、拿）掉（put on 穿上）;（飛機(jī)等）升空，起飛 ;休假; 歇（ 天）假;請(qǐng)假;開始有成就 ;開始受歡迎 ;開始成名 ;打折扣;（尤指為了逗笑而 ）模仿（某 人）的談吐、舉止等 Im taking Thursday off because I'm moving into a new ho我use.星期四休假，因?yàn)槲乙峒?。It was at this point that her acting career really took off. 正是從這個(gè)時(shí)候起，她的 表演生涯真正開始走紅了。His shopkeeper took off 5 percent discount for e

8、ach. 他的店員把每樣?xùn)|西都打折 了 5%. The actor made everyone laugh by taking off the members of the royal family. 這個(gè)演員模仿某些王室成員，結(jié)果逗引得人人發(fā)笑。9. take on 開始雇用;開始具有/ 呈現(xiàn)（某種品質(zhì)、面貌等 ）;露出;接受（工作等）;承擔(dān) （責(zé)任等 ）;開始和爭(zhēng)吵（斗毆、作對(duì)、較量等 ）Weve decided to take on a new clerk in the accounts department.我們已決定在會(huì)計(jì)部雇用一名新職員。His face took on a wor

9、ried expression. 他的臉上露出了擔(dān)憂的表情。My doctor says I m too tired and has advised me not to take any more work on.醫(yī)生說我疲勞過度，勸我不要再干更多的工作The trade union made the mistake of trying to take on the government.工會(huì)犯了 試圖和政府抗?fàn)幍腻e(cuò)誤。The bus took on more passengers. 公共汽車搭載更多乘客了。10. take out 帶（某人）去（某處參加社交活動(dòng)等 ）;正式取得，領(lǐng)得，獲得

10、;洗去 （污跡）， 使褪色 I m taking the children out to the theatre tonight. 今晚我?guī)Ш⒆觽內(nèi)タ磻?。Mary and John took out a marriage license. 瑪麗和約翰正式領(lǐng)了結(jié)婚證。He took out the pencil marks from his drawing. 他擦去了他的畫上的鉛筆跡。11. take over 接手，接任 ;接管Who do you think will take over now that the governor has been dismissed?州長(zhǎng)已被免職，你看會(huì)由

11、誰(shuí)來接任呢 ?12. take to （尤指立刻）對(duì)產(chǎn)生好感，喜歡上 ;染上習(xí)慣（嗜好等）;到（某處）休 息;到躲藏;逃往 I took to Paul as soon as we met. 我一見到保羅就對(duì)他有好感。All this gloomy news is enough to make you take to drink. 所有這些令人沮喪的 消息都足以使人酗起酒來。Father s ，ill so he's taken to his bed. 爸爸病了，因此臥床休息了。13. take up 開始花時(shí)間從事 （某項(xiàng)活動(dòng) ）;對(duì)產(chǎn)生興趣 ;開始學(xué)習(xí)（某課程），選 修;（事物或事

12、件）占用了（時(shí)間或空間）;接受的建議;繼續(xù) John took up acting while he was at college. 約翰在上大學(xué)時(shí)開始喜歡上演戲了。The job took up most of Sunday. 這項(xiàng)工作占用了大半個(gè)星期天。Why dont you take him up on his offer of a meal? 你為什么不接受他的邀請(qǐng)去吃 飯呢?I ll take up the story where I finished yesterday. 這個(gè)故事我會(huì)從昨天講完的地方 繼續(xù)講下去。14. take for / to be錯(cuò)）當(dāng) （ 作，以為是 （

13、mistake for ）I took him for his brother. They are extremely alike. 我把他誤作是他弟弟，他們 很像。15. take a chance 碰碰運(yùn)氣，冒 風(fēng)險(xiǎn)16. take a deep / long breath 深吸一口氣 （以鼓起勇氣或仔細(xì)考慮 ）17. take a hand in 干預(yù)18. take a load / weight off sb.使s m放i心nd / 安心19. take a risk / risks 冒風(fēng)險(xiǎn)20. take a seat 坐下21. take a vote 投票表決22. take

14、an interest in 對(duì) 有興趣23. take steps / measures to do sth. 采取措施做某事24. take action (on)( 對(duì))采取行動(dòng)25. take advantage of 利用;占的便宜 ;不正當(dāng)?shù)乩?6. take aim (at) 瞄準(zhǔn)27. take by surprise 奇襲;出其不意地做某事 ;使 驚奇28. take care 當(dāng)心(= look out / be careful )29. take care of 照顧，料理 ;處理，對(duì)付 ;當(dāng)心30. take charge of 負(fù)責(zé) ;接管31. take cold

15、 感冒，傷風(fēng)32. take control of 控制住，管住33. take delight / pleasure in 以 為樂;喜歡34. take effect 開始起作用 ;開始生效35. take for granted 想當(dāng)然地認(rèn)為 (會(huì)是某種情況 );認(rèn)為 是理所當(dāng)然的 ;認(rèn) 為沒有問題36. take for instance / example 以 為例37. take hold of 抓住 ;吸引住38. take into account / consideration 考慮到，把 考慮進(jìn)去39. take it / things easy 慢慢來，不要過于緊張 /

16、勞累，沉住氣40. take it or leave it 要不要都行 ;要么要，要么不要 ;不要還價(jià)41. take note (of) 把 記下來42. take notice (of) 注意 ;理會(huì)43. take notes 作記錄 ;記筆記44. take / come into office 就職，上任45. take one s breath awa令y 人驚異，令人嘆為觀止46. take one 's chance(碰s)碰自己的運(yùn)氣47. take one s tim慢e 慢來，從容不迫48. take pains 費(fèi)盡力氣，煞費(fèi)苦心，盡力設(shè)法 I took pai

17、ns to explain the facts clearly.49. take (the)trouble 費(fèi)事，下工夫 You must have taken a lot of trouble to find out what was true.50. take part (in) 參加，參與51. take pity on / upon 可憐，憐憫 (show mercy to / have mercy on)52. take place 發(fā)生，舉行53. take pride in (be proud of) 為感到自豪/ 驕傲54. take one s plac代e 替某人55. t

18、ake the opportunity 利用這個(gè)機(jī)會(huì) I shall take the first opportunity of seeing you. He may take the opportunity to point out that56. take turns 輪流(做某事 )They took turns to look after the baby. The two boys took turns at digging the hole.57. take sides 支持;偏袒 You always take sides with brother without even li

19、stening to me.你總是偏袒弟弟，根本不聽我的。58. I take it (that) 我想 ;我認(rèn)為 I take it you ve heard that the mayor 's re我signed. 想你已聽說市長(zhǎng)已經(jīng)辭職了。二、考點(diǎn)透視1. 考查特定語(yǔ)境下的詞義辨析、短語(yǔ)搭配。(1) take 與其它動(dòng)詞加上同一個(gè)介 / 副詞的辨析，如 06 山東卷第 34 題;(2) take 與其它動(dòng)詞加上不同介 / 副詞的辨析，如 08 山東卷第 29 題、 08 寧夏卷第34 題、08 天津卷第 7題等;(3) take 短語(yǔ)搭配辨析，包括 take + 介詞/ 副詞短語(yǔ)

20、， take + 名詞短語(yǔ)， take + 名 詞+ 介詞短語(yǔ)等。2. 結(jié)合時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)考查 take 短語(yǔ)，如 06 福建卷第 24 題。3. 結(jié)合非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的用法考查 take 用法，如 03 上海卷第 39 題。高考英語(yǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié) 2一. 轉(zhuǎn)化法 (conversion)在英語(yǔ)中，一個(gè)單詞由一種詞性轉(zhuǎn)化為另一種或幾種詞性而詞形不變的方法叫做 轉(zhuǎn)化法。1. 動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)化為名詞Let me have a try.讓我試試。They are only allowed to sell soft drinks at school. 在學(xué)校里只準(zhǔn)許他們出售不含酒精的飲料。2. 名詞轉(zhuǎn)化為動(dòng)詞He shoul

21、dered his way through the crowd. 他用肩膀推開人群前進(jìn)。The smell from the kitchen made his mouth water. 從廚房傳來的氣味使他流口水。3. 形容詞轉(zhuǎn)化為動(dòng)詞We will try our best to better our living conditions. 我們要盡力改善我們的生活狀況。They tried to perfect the working conditions. 他們努力改善工作條件。4. 形容詞轉(zhuǎn)化為名詞He didn 't know the difference between ri

22、ght and wrong. 他不辨是非。The old in our village are living a happy life. 我們村的老年人過著幸福的生活。5. 形容詞轉(zhuǎn)化為副詞How long have you lived there?你在那兒住多久了 ?二. 合成法 (composition) 由兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的單詞連在一起合成一個(gè)新詞，這種構(gòu)詞法叫做合成法，合成 的詞叫做合成詞 (compounds) 。合成詞的寫法由習(xí)慣決定，可以寫在一起，也可以用 連詞符號(hào)連接。1. 合成名詞名詞/代詞+名詞newspaper blood-test she-wolf 動(dòng)詞 +名詞typew

23、riter pickpocket daybreak 形容詞 +名詞 greenhouse highway 副詞+名詞 overcoat outside 名詞+v.-ing/v.-ing + 名詞 handwriting reading-room freezing-point 動(dòng)詞 +副詞 / 副詞+ 動(dòng)詞 breakthrough get-together outbreak outcome 名詞 +介詞 +名詞 sister-in-law editor-in-chief2. 合成形容詞 名詞+形容詞 /形容詞+名詞 world-famous duty-free large-scale long

24、- term 副詞+形容詞 over-anxious evergreen 名詞+過去分詞 man-made sun-burnt 名詞+現(xiàn)在分詞 peace-loving English-speaking 形容詞 +現(xiàn)在分詞 good-looking easy-going 副詞+過去分詞 well-informed widespread 副詞+現(xiàn)在分詞 hardworking far-reaching3. 合成動(dòng)詞 名詞 +動(dòng)詞 baby-sit sleepwalk副詞 +動(dòng)詞 outnumber underestimate overwork 形容詞 +動(dòng)詞 whitewash4. 合成副詞 形

25、容詞 +名詞 meanwhile anyway 形容詞 +副詞 everywhere anyhow 副詞+副詞 however 介詞+名詞 beforehand overhead 介詞+副詞 forever5. 合成代詞 代詞賓格 +self/selves herself themselves 物主代詞 +self/selves myself yourselves 形容詞 +名詞 anything nothing6. 合成介詞 副詞+名詞 inside outside 介詞+副詞 without within 副詞+介詞 into三. 派生法由一個(gè)詞加上前綴或后綴構(gòu)成一個(gè)與原單詞意義相近或截然

26、相反的新詞叫做派生 法。1. 前綴 除少數(shù)前綴外，前綴一般改變單詞的意義，但不改變單詞的詞性。(1) 表示否定意義的前綴un-unhappy unfinished undressdis- disagree disbelieveinil-( 在字母 l 前)， im-( 在字母 m ，b，p 前)， ir(在字母 r 前)-inaccurate illegal impolite imbalance irregularmis-misbehave mislead mistake non-nonstop nonsmoker(2) 表示其他意義的前綴en-“使 ” enrich enlarge enco

27、urage inter- “相互” international intercontinental re- “再，又，重 ” rethink retell recycle tele- “遠(yuǎn)程的” telescope telephone telegraph auto- “自動(dòng)的” automatic automobile co- “共同” coworker cooperate coexist anti- “反對(duì)，抵抗 ” antiwar antifreeze antinuclear multi- “多” multistory multicultural multicolor bi-“雙，二 ”bc

28、iycle bilingual bilateral micro- “極小的，微小的 ” microwave microcomputer over- “太多，過分 ” overwork overdo overestimate self- “自己，本身 ” se-lfcentered self-confident self-control under- “在下面， 下的，不足的 ” underline， underground ， underestimate ， underrate2. 后綴(1)形容詞后綴-able “可的，具有的” acceptable drinkable knowledgea

29、ble reasonable -al “與有關(guān)的” physica，l magical ， political-an“屬于某地方的人 ” American African-ern “方向 ” southern， northern ， eastern-ful/ less 沒“)有( 的” helpfu，l useful ， homeless ， hopeless-ish “如的;有特征的” foolish childish selfish-ive “有 傾向的 ” active attractive expensive-en“由制成的” golden wooden woolen-ous“有(性質(zhì)

30、 )的” famous， dangerous ， poisonous-ly 有“性質(zhì)的” friendly yearly daily-y“構(gòu)成形容詞 ” noisy dusty cloudy (2)名詞后綴-er / or 表“人或用具 ” farmer， baker ， visitor ， professor ， cooker ， container -ese“某國(guó) (人)的” Chinese， Japanese-ian “某國(guó)、某地人 ;精通的人” musician， Asian ， Russian ， technician -ist 某“種主義或職業(yè)者 ” physicis，t scie

31、ntist ， communist ，socialist -ess“表女性，雌性 ” hostess， actress ， princess-ment“行為或其狀態(tài) ” governmen，t movement ， achievement -ness“性質(zhì)，狀態(tài) ” illness， sadness ， carelessness-tion “動(dòng)作，過程，結(jié)果 ” invention， organization ， translation(3) 動(dòng)詞后綴-fy / ify 使得“;變得 ” simplify， beautify ， purify-en“使成為 ;變得” shorten， deep

32、en ， sadden-ize “使成為 ” apologize， realize ， specialize(4) 副詞后綴-ly “方式，程度 ” freely， truly ， angrilyward(s) “向” towards， forward ， upwards(5) 數(shù)詞后綴-teen “十幾” fourteen， eighteen ， thirteen-ty “整十位數(shù) ” forty， fifty ， sixty-th “序數(shù)詞 ” twelfth， twentieth高考英語(yǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié) 3一、直接考查連詞 but 在語(yǔ)境中的用法即要求考生根據(jù)試題的語(yǔ)境 （看其是否有轉(zhuǎn) 折意味

33、 ）來確定連詞 but 的正確使用。這類考題通常會(huì)將連詞 but 與連詞 and ，so，or 等結(jié)合起來考查。同學(xué)們做題時(shí)要注意比較，尤其要注意比較各個(gè)連詞填入句子后， 比較句意的邏輯性和通暢性。如：1. You have failed two tests. You'd better start working harder ， youwon't pass the course.A. and B. so C. but D. or解析 D.or 的意思是"否則""要不然"，只有此詞填入空格，句意最通順。2. They wanted to

34、charge $5 ，000 for the car ， we managed tobring the price down.A. but B. so C. when D. since解析 A.前后兩分句之間是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，故用 but.3. -Somebody wants you on the telephone. - no one knows I'm here.A. For B. And C. But D. So解析 C."有人打電話來找我 "與"沒有人知道我在這里 "是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，故填 but.二、利用 but 的轉(zhuǎn)折語(yǔ)境考查其他知識(shí)點(diǎn)即根據(jù)題干

35、中連詞 but 的轉(zhuǎn)折性語(yǔ)境來 確定相關(guān)知識(shí)點(diǎn)的選擇。此時(shí)尤其要注意前后相關(guān)信息的對(duì)比、對(duì)照或互為相反義。 如：1. He has made a lot of films ，but good ones.A. any B. some C. few D. many解析 C. 由于句中用了轉(zhuǎn)折連詞 but ，所以要填 few 與前面的 many 相對(duì)比。2. It's hard for him playing against me. I've got nothing to play for， but for him ，he needs to win so .A. far B. wel

36、l C. little D. badly解析 D.句中的 badly 不是表示"糟糕地"，而是表示 "很""非常"，這樣用的 badly 主要與表示 "想要"或"需要"的詞語(yǔ)或短語(yǔ) （如 want ， need ，be in need of 等）連用 如：Our school is badly in need of English teacher. 我們學(xué)校急需英語(yǔ)教師。 / He wants to buy a new car badly. 他很想買輛新車。3. I told your friend how to get to the hotel ，but perhaps I have driven her there.A. could B. must C. might D. should解析 D