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1、 精銳教育學(xué)科教師輔導(dǎo)講義學(xué)員編號(hào): 年 級(jí):高三 課 時(shí) 數(shù): 學(xué)員姓名:xxx 輔導(dǎo)科目:英語 學(xué)科教師: xxx授課類型T C主語從句T 教學(xué)目標(biāo)使學(xué)生清楚主語從句的關(guān)系詞及解題技巧星級(jí)授課日期及時(shí)段教學(xué)內(nèi)容C-專題(建議5分鐘)現(xiàn)形記從我們以主語從句為例看看名詞性從句的原形 e.g. His words surprised me. (他的話令我感到吃驚。)如果換一下表達(dá)方式,你有什么想法?His words改成What he said 對(duì)不對(duì)呢?keys: 答案是正確的。His words=What he said批注:通過這個(gè)小例子,讓學(xué)生明白把主語的短語改成一個(gè)小句子,就成了主語從
2、句。既然是名詞性從句,那就說明這個(gè)小從句既是名詞性質(zhì)的,又是個(gè)有謂語動(dòng)詞,由關(guān)系詞引導(dǎo)的小從句。 (建議20分鐘)一、主語從句的概念 在復(fù)合句中作主句的主語的從句。二、主語從句的關(guān)系詞引導(dǎo)詞有連詞that (that 不可省),whether; 代詞有who,whoever, what ,which;副詞 when ,where, how, why 等。如:1.由從屬連詞引導(dǎo)的主語從句: a. Whether the country should build a nuclear power station
3、 is something we must discuss. b. That light travels in straight line is known to all. =It is known to us all that light travels in straight line . 批注:連詞that, whether引導(dǎo)的主語從句,在從句中不作任何成分,不能省略,多用it作形式主語。2.由連接代詞引導(dǎo)的主語從句
4、: a. What we need is more time. = The thing that we need is more time.b. Which type of coal they are going to burn needs to be decided. c. Whoever is here gets a prize. 批
5、注:who是連接代詞,引導(dǎo)主語從句,在從句中作主語不能省略,what引導(dǎo)的主語從句有時(shí)相當(dāng)于“先行詞+that”3.由連接副詞引導(dǎo)的主語從句: a. When the plane is to take off hasnt been announced. b. Where he has been is still a puzzle. c. How much water
6、;is flowing can be measured easily. 注: (1)單個(gè)主語從句作主語時(shí)(包括兩個(gè)或多個(gè)連接詞引導(dǎo)一個(gè)主語從句),謂語動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù);如果由and 連接的兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的主語從句作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。如:When the meeting will begin has not been decided yet.When they will start and where they go have not been decided yet.When and where the meeting will
7、begin has not been decided yet.(2)主語從句放在句首往往顯得頭重腳輕,不太平衡,因此,在大多數(shù)情況下都是在主語的位置上用一個(gè)形式主語 it,而把主語從句移到句未去。 it 作形式主語,把主語從句后置的常用句型有: 1)It + be + 形容詞 + that從句 It is quite clear that Tom was fond of music. 2)It +
8、;be + 名詞 + that從句 It is a pity that she has made such a foolish mistake. 3)It + be + 過去分詞 + that從句 Its not yet decided that when the test will be
9、;given. 4)It seems, happens 等不及物動(dòng)詞 + that從句 It happened that I didnt take any money with me. It seems that he doesnt like the dish. 批注:it作為形式主語引導(dǎo)的主語從句是考試的重點(diǎn),需要主要和強(qiáng)調(diào)句型區(qū)分開來。這里面要注意以下情況:當(dāng)what引導(dǎo)的主語從句表示“東西”時(shí),一般不用it作形式主語。
10、0; What he needs is more experience. 表示“無論”,Whatever, whoever, whichever引導(dǎo)的主語從句一般也不用it作形式主語。 如: Whatever he has done is right.Whichever he likes has nothing to do with me.批注:這里是難點(diǎn),需要重點(diǎn)跟學(xué)生強(qiáng)調(diào)。whatever, whoever, whichever還可連接讓步狀語從句,相當(dāng)于no matter what/who/whic
11、hWhatever (=no matter what) he has done, I can forgive him. 但以下情況往往必須用it作形式主語,主語從句一般不能放在句首。a. It doesnt matter whether he likes or not. b. Its said that the highway will be open to traffic next year.
12、; c. Is it likely that it will snow in the afternoon? d. It turned out that he was right.e. It happened that he took the same train.主語從句不在句首,可以用if代替 whether, 但如若在句首,只能用whether,而不能用if. a.Its not clear to me whether (
13、 if ) she likes to join our discussion. b.Whether she likes to join our discussion is not clear to me. 批注:學(xué)習(xí)名詞性從句記住能用if的肯定能用whether,倒過來不一定成立就可以了。4) It 作形式主語和it引導(dǎo)強(qiáng)調(diào)句的比較 It 作形式主語代替主語從句,主要是為了平衡句子結(jié)構(gòu),主語從句
14、的連接詞沒有變化。而it引導(dǎo)的強(qiáng)調(diào)句句型的結(jié)構(gòu)為:It is/was+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that引導(dǎo)的從句(如果被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分是人,也可用who代替that),是對(duì)句子某一部分進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào),無論強(qiáng)調(diào)的是什么成分,都可用連詞that。被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分指人是也可用who/whom。例如: It is a pity that you didnt go to see the film. It doesnt interest me whether you succeed or not. It is in the morning that the murder took place. It is John that brok
15、e the window. 批注:此點(diǎn)是??键c(diǎn),也是易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)。因?yàn)閺?qiáng)調(diào)句型的檢驗(yàn)符合去掉it be和that如果剩下的部分稍加調(diào)整句序是正確的,如果不是這樣就是主語從句。 例題精講考題1 _ makes this shop different is that it offers more personal services. (2006遼寧) A. What B. Who C. Whatever D. Whoever批注:題干中的主語從句特指“使得這家商店與眾不同的事物”, 而且沒有強(qiáng)調(diào)“使得這家商店與眾不同的任何事物”之意, 應(yīng)選用what引導(dǎo)主語從句。因此答案是A??碱}2 _ fashion
16、 differs from country to country may reflect the cultural differences from one aspect. (2002上海春) A. What B. That C. This D. Which批注:陳述客觀情況的名詞性從句的引導(dǎo)詞之后是完整的陳述句, 引導(dǎo)詞本身不充當(dāng)該名詞性從句中具體的句子成分, 有這樣用法的引導(dǎo)詞只能是that。因此答案是B??碱}3 _ well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather. (1996) A. If B. Whether C. That D. Whe
17、re批注:下劃線處的引導(dǎo)詞之后接了一個(gè)完整的陳述句, 但整個(gè)主語從句不是客觀陳述某種情況而是要表示“是否”的意思, 應(yīng)選用引導(dǎo)詞whether。注意: 表示“是否”的名詞性從句的引導(dǎo)詞if不能用于引導(dǎo)主語從句。因此答案是B??碱}4 It is pretty well understood _ controls the flow of carbon dioxide in and out the atmosphere today. (2003上海) A. that B. when C. what D. how批注:本題下劃線處引導(dǎo)的是一個(gè)放在句末的主語從句(被句首的形式主語it所指代)。在該主語從
18、句中引導(dǎo)詞要作主語, 四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有what可以充當(dāng)名詞性從句的主語。因此答案是C??碱}5 It worried her a bit _ her hair was turning gray. (1992) A. while B. that C. if D. for批注:本題下劃線處引導(dǎo)的是一個(gè)放在句末的主語從句(被句首的形式主語it所指代)。陳述客觀情況的名詞性從句的引導(dǎo)詞之后是完整的陳述句, 引導(dǎo)詞本身不充當(dāng)該名詞性從句中具體的句子成分, 有這樣用法的引導(dǎo)詞只能是that。因此答案是B??碱}6 It is none of year business _ other people think
19、about you. Believe yourself. (2007福建) A. how B. what C. which D. when批注:下劃線處引導(dǎo)主語從句表示“其他人如何想你”, 在該主語從句中充當(dāng)think的賓語, 四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只能選擇what做引導(dǎo)詞。題干中what引導(dǎo)的主語從句放在句末、 由句首的形式主語it所指代。因此答案是B。名詞性從句的分析步驟: 根據(jù)主句所缺成分判斷從句類型 根據(jù)從句所缺成分判斷關(guān)系詞的選擇a. 如果從句缺少主賓表等基本成分,使用關(guān)系代詞b. 如果從句缺少狀語,不缺少基本成分,使用關(guān)系副詞c. 如果從句不缺少任何成分,使用that或者if/whether
20、(建議10分鐘)一、改錯(cuò)練習(xí)1.Where shall we spend the holiday isnt decided. 2.You have made a mistake is a fact. 3.That is certain that we can win. 4.No matter who leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights. 5.It is important that a student learns a foreign language. 二、選擇1. I have always been honest and s
21、traightforward, and it doesnt matter _that Im talking to.A. who is it B. who it is C. it is who D. it is whom 2. _ made the school proud was_ more than 90 of the students had been admitted to key universities. A. What; because B. What ; that C. That ; what D. That ; because3. _ we will go camping tomorrow depends on the weather. A. If B. Whether C. That D. Where4. _ that they can pass the written exam this time. A. That is hoped B. It is hoped C. It hopes D. That hopes5. _ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language. A. There B.
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