九年級(jí)unit13SectionA第四課時(shí)

1、1. 不同種類的污染不同種類的污染2. 河底河底3. 把垃圾扔到河里把垃圾扔到河里4. 在在中起作用中起作用different kinds of pollutionthe bottle of the riverthrow rubbish into the riverplay a part in I. Check if you know these phrases.5. 在中國(guó)南部在中國(guó)南部6. 對(duì)對(duì)有害有害7. 在在頂部頂部8. 海洋生態(tài)系統(tǒng)海洋生態(tài)系統(tǒng)in southern Chinabe harmful to at the top ofthe oceans ecosystemtake pa

2、rt inaffordturn offreusablepay fortake actiontransportation參加參加v. 買的起；承擔(dān)的起買的起；承擔(dān)的起（后果）（后果）關(guān)掉關(guān)掉adj. 可重復(fù)使用的可重復(fù)使用的付費(fèi)；付出代價(jià)付費(fèi)；付出代價(jià)采取行動(dòng)采取行動(dòng)n. 運(yùn)輸業(yè)；交通運(yùn)輸運(yùn)輸業(yè)；交通運(yùn)輸Words ReviewPay attention to the sentences.1. Were trying to save the earth.2. The river used to be so clean.3. The air is badly polluted.4. No scie

3、ntific studies have shown that shark fins are good for health.5. We should help save the sharks.Present progressiveused toPassive voicePresent perfectModal verbs現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí): : Present Progressive結(jié)構(gòu)結(jié)構(gòu): be (am/is/are) + v.-ing標(biāo)志詞：標(biāo)志詞：Look, Listen, now, right now，these days,e.g. Look! The boy is crying.

4、定義：定義：表示說(shuō)話時(shí)表示說(shuō)話時(shí)(瞬間瞬間)正在進(jìn)行正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作的動(dòng)作, 也表示目前或現(xiàn)階也表示目前或現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。 用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1.Listen! The phone _(ring). Please go to answer it.2. Alan, its late. Why not go to bed? Jenny hasnt come back yet. I _(wait) for her. 3. Whats your father doing now? He _ (write) a letter in th

5、e study.is ringingam waitingis writing1) 表示目前一段時(shí)間內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行，但表示目前一段時(shí)間內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行，但 說(shuō)話時(shí)可能沒(méi)有進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。說(shuō)話時(shí)可能沒(méi)有進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。 Right now I am studying Chinese by distance learning. 我現(xiàn)在正通過(guò)遠(yuǎn)程教育學(xué)習(xí)漢語(yǔ)。我現(xiàn)在正通過(guò)遠(yuǎn)程教育學(xué)習(xí)漢語(yǔ)。2) 與與always, constantly, forever, all the time等副詞連用，等副詞連用，表示動(dòng)作反復(fù)或習(xí)表示動(dòng)作反復(fù)或習(xí) 慣。慣。此時(shí)句子常含有說(shuō)話者的強(qiáng)烈此時(shí)句子常含有說(shuō)話者的強(qiáng)烈 情感在內(nèi)。表達(dá)較強(qiáng)的情

6、感在內(nèi)。表達(dá)較強(qiáng)的“責(zé)備責(zé)備”或或 “表?yè)P(yáng)表?yè)P(yáng)”之意。之意。 You are always changing your mind. 你總是主意不定。你總是主意不定。(太煩人了。太煩人了。) He is always helping others. 他總是幫助別人。他總是幫助別人。(他真是個(gè)好人。他真是個(gè)好人。) I called you at 4:00 yesterday afternoon, but no one answered. Sorry, I _ with my friends at that time. (2011河南河南) A. swim B. swam C. will swim

7、 D. was swimming考點(diǎn)例析考點(diǎn)例析【考點(diǎn)點(diǎn)撥考點(diǎn)點(diǎn)撥】 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻或某階過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻或某階 段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，其謂語(yǔ)由段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，其謂語(yǔ)由“was / were + 現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞”構(gòu)成。構(gòu)成。 常與過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)連用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有：常與過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)連用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有： then, at that time, this time yesterday, at ten yesterday等。等。used to do sth. 表示過(guò)去常常做某事表示過(guò)去常常做某事, 而現(xiàn)而現(xiàn) 在往往不做了在往往不做了, 后接動(dòng)詞原后接動(dòng)詞原 形。形。e.g. I used

8、to get up at six oclock. =I got up at six oclock. 我過(guò)去六點(diǎn)鐘起床。我過(guò)去六點(diǎn)鐘起床。used to do翻譯下列句子。翻譯下列句子。艾米以前是短頭發(fā)嗎？艾米以前是短頭發(fā)嗎？你以前常在學(xué)校吃午餐嗎？你以前常在學(xué)校吃午餐嗎？他過(guò)去不戴眼鏡。他過(guò)去不戴眼鏡。這些商店過(guò)去在周日是不營(yíng)業(yè)的。這些商店過(guò)去在周日是不營(yíng)業(yè)的。他以前很高，是嗎？他以前很高，是嗎？Did Amy use to have short hair?Did you use to have lunch at school?He didnt use to wear glasses.The

9、shop usednt to open on Sundays.He used to be very tall, didnt he?used to 的否定句和疑問(wèn)句的否定句和疑問(wèn)句否定句：否定句：didnt use to /used not to 一般疑問(wèn)句一般疑問(wèn)句:Did you use to.? /Used you to ?變反意疑問(wèn)句變反意疑問(wèn)句，附加疑問(wèn)部分可用，附加疑問(wèn)部分可用didnt /usednt 或或did / usedShe used not to like tests.Used you to be popular in school?They usednt to go s

10、kating, did they? Jenny used to play the piano. 用用used to句型說(shuō)出與圖片情景相符的句子。句型說(shuō)出與圖片情景相符的句子。Jenny Mike used to wear glasses. Mike, glasses Peter used to play soccer. Peter, soccer Amy, long hairAmy used to have long hair. Mark used to like swimming. Mark, like swimused to “_”, 表示表示_used to + _對(duì)比現(xiàn)在和過(guò)去對(duì)比現(xiàn)在

11、和過(guò)去: _過(guò)去的習(xí)慣過(guò)去的習(xí)慣過(guò)去常常過(guò)去常常動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形but not any more, but not any longerbut now ，被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：Passive voice定義：定義：表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者，即行表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者，即行 為動(dòng)作的對(duì)象的一種語(yǔ)態(tài)。為動(dòng)作的對(duì)象的一種語(yǔ)態(tài)。結(jié)構(gòu)：結(jié)構(gòu)：be + 過(guò)去分詞過(guò)去分詞e.g. A new school was built last year. Our classroom is cleaned every day.被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)初中階段我們學(xué)習(xí)了七種被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)，歸納如下：初中階段我們學(xué)習(xí)了七種被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)，歸納如

12、下：（1）一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：）一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：am / is / are + 過(guò)去分詞過(guò)去分詞（2）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)式：）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)式： have / has + been + 過(guò)去分詞過(guò)去分詞（3）現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)式：）現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)式：am/ is/ are + being + 過(guò)去分詞過(guò)去分詞（4）一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)式：）一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)式：was / were + 過(guò)去分詞過(guò)去分詞（5）過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)式：）過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)式：was / were + being + 過(guò)去分詞過(guò)去分詞（6）過(guò)去完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)式：）過(guò)去完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)式：had + been + 過(guò)去分詞過(guò)去

13、分詞（7）一般將來(lái)時(shí)的被動(dòng)式：）一般將來(lái)時(shí)的被動(dòng)式：will / be going to be+ 過(guò)去分詞過(guò)去分詞（8）含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)式：）含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)式：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be +動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞。動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞。用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1. The Secondary School Entrance Exams _ (hold) in June.2. A strange noise _ (hear) by his mother last night.3. A wide road _ (build) between the two villag

14、es by those people next year. is heldwas heardwill be builtTranslate the sentences by using Passive voice.1. 剛才一些老年人參觀了博物館。剛才一些老年人參觀了博物館。2. 工人們使用不同種類的機(jī)器工作。工人們使用不同種類的機(jī)器工作。The museum was visited by some old people just now. Different kinds of machines are used to work by the workers. 結(jié)構(gòu)結(jié)構(gòu): has/have +

15、過(guò)去分詞過(guò)去分詞標(biāo)志詞：標(biāo)志詞：already, yet, ever, never, since, fore.g. I havent finished my homework yet.定義：定義：表示動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成表示動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成, 但對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成影但對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成影 響響; 或者表示從過(guò)去某一時(shí)間開(kāi)始一或者表示從過(guò)去某一時(shí)間開(kāi)始一 直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在并還可能持續(xù)下去的直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在并還可能持續(xù)下去的 動(dòng)作。動(dòng)作。 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí): Present Perfect1) 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) + since + 點(diǎn)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)點(diǎn)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)(名名詞、短語(yǔ)、從句，其中從句用一般詞、短語(yǔ)、從句，其中從句用一般過(guò)去時(shí)過(guò)

16、去時(shí))2) 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) + for + 段時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)段時(shí)間狀語(yǔ) 3) It / This is the first / 其他序數(shù)詞其他序數(shù)詞 / last time + that 從句中，從句使用從句中，從句使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)?，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。1) Mary has been ill since three days ago. 2) Mary has been ill for three days. 3) It is the first time that I have visited the city.This is the best film that Ive (ever) seen. C

17、omplete the following sentences.1. I _ (be) in Beijing for two years.2. I _ never _ (hear) of that man before.3. Tom _ (work) there since two years ago.have beenhaveheard has worked4. The twins _ (wash) the clothes for an hour.5. He _ (play) basketball since three years ago.6. How long _ Sally _ (si

18、ng) yet?have washedhas playedhassungJoe: _you ever _ (take) part in an environmental project?Ken: Yes, I have. I _ (help) with a Clean-Up Day last year. It was _(consider) the biggest clean-up project this city ever _(have).Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the verbs in brackets.Have take

19、n helpedconsideredhad had4aJoe: How many people _ (take) part?Ken: I _ (think) more than 1,000 people _(come) to help out.Joe: Thats fantastic! I guess everyone in this city is _ (try) to improve the environment.Ken: Yes, we cant afford to _ (wait) any longer to take action!tookthinkcametryingwaitv.

20、 承擔(dān)得起承擔(dān)得起( (后果后果) ); 買得起買得起1. We cant afford to wait any longer to take action! afford v. 承擔(dān)得起承擔(dān)得起; 提供提供, 給予給予 afford to do sth. (常與常與can, be able to連用連用) 買得起買得起; 有足夠的有足夠的e.g. We cant afford to pay such a price. 我們付不起這個(gè)價(jià)錢。我們付不起這個(gè)價(jià)錢。 Dancing affords us pleasure. 跳舞給我們帶來(lái)快樂(lè)。跳舞給我們帶來(lái)快樂(lè)。用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。用所給詞的適

21、當(dāng)形式填空。1. The old man used _ (be) a teacher. 2. We should _ (clean) the room every day. 3. Look! Tom _ (sleep) in his room. 4. Lots of trees _ (plant) on the hill every year. 5. He _ (live) here for 20 years. to be clean is sleeping are planted has lived1. Dont make so much noise. The children _ an E

22、nglish lesson. (2011黑龍江綏化黑龍江綏化) A. have B. are having C. were having2. Listen! The phone _. Please go to answer it. (2011沈陽(yáng)沈陽(yáng)) A. rings B. is ringing C. rang D. will ring3. - Why wont you go to the movie with me, Gina? - Because I _ it twice. (2011襄陽(yáng)襄陽(yáng)) A. see B. have seen C. saw D. will see4. China

23、 develops so fast. Thats true. It _ a lot already. (2011安徽蕪湖安徽蕪湖) A. changesB. changed C. will changeD. has changed 5. Nick _ a job in a bank, but to our surprise, he didnt take it. (2012貴州遵義貴州遵義) A. offered B. has offered C. was offered6. Have you heard of Earth Day? Yes. The first Earth Day _ in 1

24、970 to educate us to protect our planet. (2012河南河南) A. celebrates B. celebrated C. is celebrated D. was celebrated take part inAffordturn offReusablepay fortake actionTransportation參加參加v. 買的起；承擔(dān)的起買的起；承擔(dān)的起（后果）（后果）關(guān)掉關(guān)掉adj. 可重復(fù)使用的可重復(fù)使用的付費(fèi)；付出代價(jià)付費(fèi)；付出代價(jià)采取行動(dòng)采取行動(dòng)n. 運(yùn)輸業(yè)；交通運(yùn)輸運(yùn)輸業(yè)；交通運(yùn)輸Words Review7. Excuse me,

25、whose book is this? It _ be Johns. It has his name on it. (2013四川南充四川南充) A. must B. need C. cant8. _ I swim here? No, you _. Look at the sign “No swimming”. (2013四川廣安四川廣安) A. Must; cant B. Can; dont C. Can; mustnt 1. 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞本身有一定的詞義情態(tài)動(dòng)詞本身有一定的詞義, 表示說(shuō)表示說(shuō)話人的情緒、態(tài)度或語(yǔ)氣話人的情緒、態(tài)度或語(yǔ)氣, 但不能單但不能單獨(dú)作謂語(yǔ)獨(dú)作謂語(yǔ), 只能與其他動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成

26、謂語(yǔ)。只能與其他動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)。常見(jiàn)的有常見(jiàn)的有: can (could), may (might), must, need, shall (should), will (would)等。等。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞2. 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞無(wú)人稱和數(shù)的變化情態(tài)動(dòng)詞無(wú)人稱和數(shù)的變化, 后接動(dòng)詞后接動(dòng)詞原形。否定式是在情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后面加原形。否定式是在情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后面加not。個(gè)別情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有過(guò)去式形式個(gè)別情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有過(guò)去式形式, 可用來(lái)表可用來(lái)表達(dá)更加客氣、委婉的語(yǔ)氣。達(dá)更加客氣、委婉的語(yǔ)氣。 e.g. Ken can climb up the tress like a koala. Tracy could ride a bi

27、cycle when she was five years old. You mustnt play with fire. It is dangerous.考點(diǎn)一：考查表示考點(diǎn)一：考查表示“能力能力”的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 1. _ your Australian friend eat with chopsticks? Yes, but she cant use them well. A. Should B. Need C. Can D. Must2. The work is too hard for us. We _ finish it on time. A. cant B. mustnt C

28、. shouldnt D. neednt 3. Could your father play golf when he was young? No, he _. But he _ play table tennis. A. couldnt; could B. neednt; might C. mustnt; should D. shouldnt; need 【考點(diǎn)點(diǎn)撥考點(diǎn)點(diǎn)撥】 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can表示表示“能力能力”時(shí)，與時(shí)，與be able to同義，其否定形式為同義，其否定形式為cant。can表示現(xiàn)在的能力，其過(guò)去式表示現(xiàn)在的能力，其過(guò)去式could表示過(guò)表示過(guò)去的能力。去的能力。考

29、點(diǎn)二：考查表示考點(diǎn)二：考查表示“應(yīng)該應(yīng)該”的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 1. _ we to finish our homework before noon? Yes, you _. A. Need; can B. Have; do C. Ought; ought to D. Should; must2. You _ study hard if you want to be a scientist in the future. A. may B. should C. would D. could 【考點(diǎn)點(diǎn)撥考點(diǎn)點(diǎn)撥】 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞should和和ought to都可表示都可表示“應(yīng)該應(yīng)該”，但，但

30、should側(cè)重說(shuō)話者主觀的看側(cè)重說(shuō)話者主觀的看法，而法，而ought to更側(cè)重客觀情況。更側(cè)重客觀情況。 should的否定形式為的否定形式為shouldnt，ought to的否定形式為的否定形式為oughtnt to或或ought not to?？键c(diǎn)三：考查表示考點(diǎn)三：考查表示“請(qǐng)求；許可請(qǐng)求；許可”的情的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞及其回答態(tài)動(dòng)詞及其回答 1. _ I borrow your maths book? Sure. Here you are. A. Need B. Will C. May D. Must 2. _ I take some photos in the hall? No, you

31、 _. Look at the sign “No photos”! A. Can; neednt B. Must; mustnt C. Should; neednt D. May; mustnt 3. Could I use your dictionary for a while? Yes, of course you _. A. could B. can C. will D. should 【考點(diǎn)點(diǎn)撥考點(diǎn)點(diǎn)撥】 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞may和和can都可表示都可表示“請(qǐng)求；請(qǐng)求；許可許可”。may比比can正式，正式，could在表示在表示“請(qǐng)請(qǐng)求；許可求；許可” 時(shí)，既可表示過(guò)去，也可表示時(shí)，既

32、可表示過(guò)去，也可表示語(yǔ)氣的委婉。語(yǔ)氣的委婉。 當(dāng)當(dāng)“May / Can / Could I ”表示表示“請(qǐng)請(qǐng)求；許可求；許可”時(shí)，肯定回答常用時(shí)，肯定回答常用“Yes, please.” / “Certainly.”等，否定回答常用等，否定回答常用“No, you cant / mustnt.”等。等?？键c(diǎn)四：考查表示考點(diǎn)四：考查表示“推測(cè)推測(cè)”的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞1. I saw Lily in the supermarket this morning. Oh, it _ her. She moved to Australia the day before yesterday. A. can

33、 be B. must be C. cant be D. mustnt be2. After a long walk, the children _ be very tired now. A. will B. must C. have to D. can3. John _ go with us tomorrow, but he isnt sure. A. must B. can C. need D. may 【考點(diǎn)點(diǎn)撥考點(diǎn)點(diǎn)撥】 may, can, must都可表都可表“推測(cè)推測(cè)”，三者，三者的可能性依次遞增。的可能性依次遞增。 may和和must表表“推測(cè)推測(cè)”常用于肯定句常用于肯定句中，中

34、，can表表“推測(cè)推測(cè)”常用于否定句和疑問(wèn)句常用于否定句和疑問(wèn)句中。中?？键c(diǎn)五：考查考點(diǎn)五：考查need, must和和have to的用法的用法 1. Jim, you _ play with the knife. You _ hurt yourself. A. wont; cant B. mustnt; may C. shouldnt; must D. cant; shouldnt 2. _ I have to hand in my homework now, Mr Zhang? Yes, you do. A. Do B. Can C. May D. Must 3. Must I get

35、up before six oclock tomorrow morning, Dad? No, you _. Tomorrow is Saturday. You may get up a little later. A. mustnt B. cant C. neednt D. may not4. Its too late. We _ go home, or well be blamed (責(zé)備責(zé)備). A. can B. may C. might D. have to【考點(diǎn)點(diǎn)撥考點(diǎn)點(diǎn)撥】 need作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，意為作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，意為“需要需要”，后，后接動(dòng)詞原形，常用于否定句、疑問(wèn)句和條接動(dòng)詞原形

36、，常用于否定句、疑問(wèn)句和條件句中。件句中。 must意為意為“必須必須”，強(qiáng)調(diào)主觀看法。，強(qiáng)調(diào)主觀看法。對(duì)對(duì)must引導(dǎo)的一般疑問(wèn)句，肯定回答常用引導(dǎo)的一般疑問(wèn)句，肯定回答常用“must”，否定回答常用，否定回答常用neednt或或dont have to。mustnt意為意為“一定不要；禁止一定不要；禁止”。 have to意為意為“ 不得不；必須不得不；必須”，強(qiáng)調(diào)，強(qiáng)調(diào)客觀情況下需要做某事，有人稱、數(shù)和時(shí)客觀情況下需要做某事，有人稱、數(shù)和時(shí)態(tài)的變化，變否定句和疑問(wèn)句時(shí)需要借助態(tài)的變化，變否定句和疑問(wèn)句時(shí)需要借助助動(dòng)詞完成句型的變化。助動(dòng)詞完成句型的變化。分分類類特點(diǎn)特點(diǎn) 例詞例詞意義意義

37、例句例句情情態(tài)態(tài)動(dòng)動(dòng)詞詞跟動(dòng)跟動(dòng)詞原詞原形形（有（有自己自己的詞的詞匯意匯意思）思）can (could), may (might), should, ought to, must, need, have to, etc.不能獨(dú)立不能獨(dú)立做謂語(yǔ)。做謂語(yǔ)。表示說(shuō)話表示說(shuō)話人語(yǔ)氣、人語(yǔ)氣、情感或態(tài)情感或態(tài)度，無(wú)人度，無(wú)人稱和數(shù)的稱和數(shù)的變化變化(have to除外除外)We cant carry the heavy box.He may come tomorrow.We must study hard. Translation.1. 我們不能在教室里吃東西。我們不能在教室里吃東西。2. 首先你必須

38、完成作業(yè)。首先你必須完成作業(yè)。3. 他現(xiàn)在不可能在家。他現(xiàn)在不可能在家。4. 她一定知道這個(gè)問(wèn)題的答案。她一定知道這個(gè)問(wèn)題的答案。We cant eat in the classroom. You must finish your homework first. He cant be at home now. She must know the answer to this question.4bFill in the blanks with the appropriatemodal verbs from the box.People _ think that big things_ be d

39、one to save the earth. Many forget that saving the earth begins with small things. For example, you _ savemay/mightmustcancan would couldhave to should mustmay/ mightelectricity by turning off the lights when you leave a room. You _ also use reusable bags instead of plastic bags. I think its a great idea that you now _ pay for plastic bags in some stores. And instead of driving to school or work, you _ ride your bike or walk. If its far, you _ take the bus. All these couldhave to can/shouldcan/could關(guān)掉關(guān)掉adj.可重復(fù)使用的可重復(fù)使用的付費(fèi)付費(fèi);付出代價(jià)付出代價(jià)small things _ add up and become big th