商務英語期末筆頭考試范圍

1、商務英語復習 1重點詞匯unit 1-2的重點詞匯28 / 28文檔可自由編輯打印take over收購，接管take on responsibility承擔責任throw new light on 提供線索、情況behind schedule 落后進度to set (targets) v. 設立目標survival course 生存訓練deadline  n.最后期限trade fair 交易會subsidiary 子公司complimentary ticket 免費贈送的票seminar 研討會dominance: n. 占據(jù)統(tǒng)治地位idiomatic express

2、ions 習慣用語cross-cultural issues 跨文化問題be insensitive to對不敏感criteria    n.  標準round (of golf) 一輪比賽，一場（高爾夫球賽）negotiation     n.  談判, 協(xié)商, 討價還價questionnaire   n.  調(diào)查表, 問卷contract    n.  合約，合同 v. 訂約, 承包grateful   adj.

3、  感謝的, 感激的distinctive adj.有特色的entertaining: adj.有趣的, 娛樂的 unit 3-4的重點詞匯to confirm (an order): 確認 (訂單) confirmation: 確認；證明 delivery: 遞送，交付（信件、貨物等）to diversify      v.使多樣化 to boost (profits)  提高利潤headquarters：總部commitment   承擔義務（許諾）cash flow: 現(xiàn)金流量t

4、o maintain (goodwill)  v. 保持（友好關系/信譽）margin 利潤to finalise (the detail)   把最終定下，定稿mortgage   n.& v. 抵押under way 在進行中credit cards 信用卡personal loan 個人貸款competitive advantage 競爭優(yōu)勢brand loyalty 品牌忠誠to stretch a brand延伸品牌saturate 使飽和 saturated   adj.飽和的publicity n.報道

5、; 宣傳be set to do sth必將be bound to do sth 必定It really pays to do something做某件事情很值得cash discounts 現(xiàn)金折扣incentive  n.動機& adj.激勵的 unit 5-6的重點詞匯relocate v.搬遷successive adj.繼承的，連續(xù)的distribution network 配送網(wǎng)絡sophisticated adj.精密的，先進的，老練的to fulfil (needs): v.履行grant：n.&v. 同意，準予to assess: v.對進

6、行評估(easy)access: n. 接近，進入，通道impressive: adj.予人深刻印象的，令人欽佩的endorse v.請名人為商品做廣告work ethic 職業(yè)道德logistic adj.物流的 logistics n. 物流spectacular adj.壯觀的turnover n.營業(yè)額company performance 公司績效disposal n.處理(財產(chǎn)等的)出售assets n.資產(chǎn)acquisition n. 獲得征購(土地等), 采購dividend n. 紅利, 股息rumour n. 亦作rumor 謠言, 傳聞v.謠傳to comply with

7、(regulations) 遵從 服從 順從environmental impact 環(huán)境沖擊、影響hazardous adj.危險的, 有害的 collapse/to collapsevi.倒坍崩潰（價格等）暴跌priority n.(時間、順序上的)先、前優(yōu)先, 重點; 優(yōu)先權 to pose a threat to 對產(chǎn)生/構成威脅recycle v.再使用，循環(huán)使用unit 7-8的重點詞匯maintenance n.維修，維修部門sustain v.遭受hazard n.危險，危害risk assessment 風險評估to take precautions采取防范措施take in

8、to account 把考慮進去in place 適宜go to court 上法庭in ones own right 憑本身的權利、能力、資格等to abuse (a system) v.濫用（系統(tǒng)、制度、設備）award v.裁定，判給breach v.違反implement v.實施claim n.索賠to draw up/formulate a policy 起草一份政策規(guī)定unfair dismissal 不公正的解雇to commute v.上下班往返兩地to negotiate v.商議，談判，交涉to prioritise v.按重要性排列to incur(expenses):

9、 v.蒙受claim v.要求報銷authorize v.批準make an expenses claim for 要求報銷的費用secure a contract 贏得一份合同undertake a survey 進行調(diào)查check out of (the hotel) 結帳settle the balance 結清余額（Tips: Dont memorize the above words in isolation. Learn them in contexts. 不要孤立地死記上述詞匯，應回到原課文中，聯(lián)系上下文來記憶學習。）2閱讀信息匹配題的復習范圍：P29，P53，P853英譯中的復

10、習范圍：P8 para2-3 P12 para 2,3,5 P24 para 3, 5, 6 P44 para 5-6 P97 para 1, 4, 6 P100 para 5, 6,7(Note: P97 para 4: Step 1 Walk around; para 6: Step 3 Even after)Unit one A Teamwork第一單元 A 團隊合作Assessing teams 團隊評估詞匯準備work towards a common objective 朝同一個目標共同努力share information 共享信息different point of view

11、不同的觀點(be) under pressure 有壓力toiletries 化妝品廠，清潔、化妝用品公司major brand 主導品牌sales department 銷售部門sales staff 銷售人員company culture 公司文化expatriate 旅居海外的management consultant 管理顧問managerial skills 管理技能creative thinking 創(chuàng)新技能team building 團隊建設effective management style 有效的管理方式a survival course 生存技巧培訓課程food and a

12、ccommodation 食宿profile 簡介，小傳，概況simulation 模擬訓練marketing mania 營銷激情go for profit 追求利潤behind schedule 進度落后計劃stick to the schedule 嚴格按照計劃進行口語參考詞匯和表達co-operative 齊心協(xié)力的have communication problems 交流有困難attach importance to team building 重視團隊建設develop team work 開拓/促進團隊協(xié)作an effective team 精銳的團隊a high-perfor

13、mance unit 高效的團隊exchange of views 交流看法emphasize team spirit 強調(diào)團隊精神share the same value 具有相同的價值觀collective efforts 共同的努力閱讀思考P8 para2-3Read the article about how Cussons developed teamwork at its Polish subsidiaries. What did Cussons do? What benefits did this bring?No longer Poles apartWhen Peter Wel

14、ch, president of Cussons Polska and Uroda SA, arrived at Cussons newly acquired factory in Poland in 1993, he discovered that the concept of teamwork didnt exist. The guy who ran it before had a queue of people outside his office waiting for decisions on everything from taking a days holiday to majo

15、r investments. All decisions were made by one man. Cussons entered Poland by taking over a manufacturer of cleaning products in Wroclaw. Two years later they bought Warsaw-based Uroda toiletries. Turnover increased at Wroclaw from £11m to £ 50m and the smaller Uroda quickly grew into a

16、63; 22 m business. Both businesses are now major brands in Poland and export to other eastern European markets.But in spite of these successes, it is still hard to develop new approaches.The company culture here is the result of fifty years of regulation and control.explains Welch. Its not easy to g

17、et people to take on responsibility and be accountable when things go wrong. The sales department used to be a guy next to the phone waiting for it to ring.To help solve these problems, Cussons brought in three expatriate managers to work closely with the local sales staff in project teams. They als

18、o brought in senior Coverdale management consultant keith Edmonds to work on the teams managerial skills and improve communication within the team. Edmonds held two one-week programmes, working on team-building and developing creative thinking.The imaginative ideas participants came up with were ext

19、raordinary electric. He describes the programmes as helping people recognize that there is a rang of effective management styles. We wanted to throw new light on old problems. The participants responded very positively. In one task they were given £ 500 and told to make as much profit with it a

20、s possible. They came up with amazing ideas, says Edmonds. They put on discos. They went to the Czech border, bought products and then sold them at a profit.Welch believes the programmes were excellent at getting people excited about their jobs. But he warns, we need to ensure that what happens on t

21、he programmes happen back in the workplace. The results, however, are already very positive. The two programmes cost us about £ 40,000 in total, including food and accommodation, but the returns we are getting from them are huge. We saved about £ 200,000 from the first programme and we are

22、 expecting savings of around £ 700,000 from the second one.The programmes also form the basis of monthly reviews, in which progress is measured against targets set in the programmes. You can see the results improving each month. Im very pleased with the way it has worked out, says Welch.課文講解 今天

23、要給大家講解有關teamwork-團隊合作的課文。課文主要內(nèi)容是卡森公司如何在波蘭的子公司開拓團隊合作。我們在閱讀文章時要思考卡森公司采取了什么方法，What did Cussons do?并取得了那些收益。What benefits did this bring?No longer Poles apart 不再有兩極之遙/彌合差距。題目是一個雙關語（pun）。Pole 的意思是極地，Poles apart是慣用語，基本意思是“完全相反”、“大相徑庭”；同時，Poles 又是波蘭人的意思。題目利用雙關，指卡森公司與其新并購的波蘭分公司原先在團隊合作，公司管理等方面大相徑庭，但通過培訓等一系列措

24、施，雙方彌補了這方面的差異。題目的字面意思是“不再有兩極之遙”，按照意譯的方法，我們可以翻譯為“彌合差距”。（第一段的講解）When Peter Welch, president of Cussons Polska and Uroda SA, arrived at Cussons newly acquired factory in Poland in 1993, he discovered that the concept of teamwork didnt exist. 1993年，當卡森波蘭公司和烏諾達股份有限公司總裁彼得·維奇剛到在波蘭新并購的工廠時，他發(fā)現(xiàn)那兒根本不存在團隊合

25、作的概念。Uroda SA: 烏諾達股份有限公司。SA是法語，有時也寫成 S / A或S.A.。意思是“股份有限公司”(Ltd 是 Limited 的縮寫) Limited: 股份有限公司. 。 acquire收購：to become the owner of; to buy; to get the possession of acquire原來的意思是“獲得”，“占有”。在商務英語中，它的意思是“收購”。 The guy who ran it before had a queue of people outside his office waiting for decisions on ev

26、erything from taking a days holiday to major investments. All decisions were made by one man. 以前管理這家工廠的人辦公室門外總有一隊人在等著他作出各種決策，小到放一天假，大到重大投資，所有的決策都由一個人作。Cussons entered Poland by taking over a manufacturer of cleaning products in Wroclaw. Two years later they bought Warsaw-based Uroda toiletries. 卡森公司

27、是通過并購弗羅茨瓦夫的一家洗潔用品廠進駐波蘭的。兩年后，他們并購了位于華沙的烏諾達化妝品公司。take over收購，接管，接受，to accept responsibility for，接受某種責任。比如，He took over my debts. 他接收了我的債務。take over也有控制的意思，to gain control of.：to take over a company接管一家公司，控制了一家公司。toiletry多用復數(shù)形式，加復數(shù)變成toiletries，意思是化妝品，比如牙膏（toothpaste），梳子（comb），香水（perfume ），在文章中指生產(chǎn)這類產(chǎn)品的工

28、廠。Turnover increased at Wroclaw from £11m to £ 50m and the smaller Uroda quickly grew into a £ 22 m business. Both businesses are now major brands in Poland and export to other eastern European markets. 弗羅茨瓦夫的營業(yè)額從1100萬英鎊增加到5000萬英鎊；而規(guī)模小一些的烏諾達公司則迅速成長為一個營業(yè)額達到2200萬英鎊的企業(yè)。目前，這兩家公司的產(chǎn)品都是波蘭的主導

29、品牌，并且出口到其它東歐市場。Turnover: 營業(yè)額 a £ 22 m business一個營業(yè)額為萬英鎊的企業(yè)。business 做可數(shù)名詞時，表示“工商企業(yè)，商行，公司”，和 firm, company的意思一樣。例如：The majority of small businesses go broke within the first twenty-four months. 在最初兩年里，大部分小公司都破產(chǎn)了。這一段講了卡森公司在波蘭收購了兩家公司，并取得了很大成就，但公司的運作是不是一直都很順利呢，我們繼續(xù)課文的內(nèi)容。（第二段的講解）But in spite of thes

30、e successes, it is still hard to develop new approaches. 盡管有這些成就，但要開拓新的工作方法仍然相當困難。The company culture here is the result of fifty years of regulation and control. its not easy to get people to take on responsibility and be accountable when things go wrong. The sales department used to be a guy next

31、to the phone waiting for it to ring. 這里的公司文化是50年集權控制的結果，要讓人們承擔責任或在出現(xiàn)問題時負起責任很不容易。以前的銷售部就是一個人坐在電話機旁等候電話鈴響。這段話中有兩個短語要引起我們的注意，take on responsibility承擔責任和 be accountable (to someone for something)就某事情對某人負有責任。Take on 還可以和work搭配。例如：The doctor says that Jim should take on much less heavy work.醫(yī)生說吉姆應該少承擔一些繁重

32、的工作。另外be accountable (to someone for something)這個短語，也可以說成 be held accountable for，比如：They should be held accountable for their acts.他們應該對自己的行動負責。但我們也應當對自己的行動負責 we should be held accountable for our acts.You will be held accountable for it.你應對此做出解釋。Each government worker is accountable for his own wo

33、rk.每一個政府工作人員都應對自己的工作負責。I am not accountable to you for my work.我沒有義務要對你說明我的工作情況。（第三段的講解）To help solve these problems, Cussons brought in three expatriate managers to work closely with the local sales staff in project teams. 為了解決這些問題，卡森公司專門聘請了三位旅居海外的經(jīng)理，同波蘭本地的銷售人員結成團隊一起工作。Bring in 有“接納，使某人任職”的意思。比如： H

34、e was brought in last year as the direct manager.他去年正式出任總經(jīng)理。Expatriate 是指那些已經(jīng)移居海外，定居海外或已經(jīng)放棄原國籍的人。如：French expatriate in New York 移居紐約的法國人。除了聘請海外經(jīng)理，卡森公司還從著名的科佛戴爾公司聘請了資深管理顧問凱恩·埃德蒙來指導團隊的管理技能，改進團隊的內(nèi)部交流。They also brought in senior Coverdale management consultant keith Edmonds to work on the teams ma

35、nagerial skills and improve communication within the team. Work on sth 致力于某件事情 work on managerial skills致力于管理技能，我們來看看Google的招聘廣告就用到了work on 這個詞， We're looking for exceptional people who love to work on innovative products and believe passionately in our mission: to organize the world's infor

36、mation and make it universally accessible and useful.我們在尋求那些杰出的人，那些致力于創(chuàng)新產(chǎn)品，而且強烈認同我們使命的人：組織全世界的信息，讓它們變得有用，而且讓全世界的人都可以接觸到它們， 卡森公司請來了埃德蒙，埃德蒙又是怎樣開展工作的？我們再來聽聽。Edmonds held two one-week programmes, working on team-building and developing creative thinking. 埃德蒙主持了兩個為期一周的活動，專門解決如何搞好團隊建設以及開拓創(chuàng)造性思維。（第四段的講解）埃德蒙

37、說：The imaginative ideas participants came up with were extraordinary electric. 參與者們富有想象力的點子非同尋常，令人興奮。Come up with ideas想出主意。比如這個例句，He came up with a really elegant solution to our problem.他給我們的問題想出了一個很棒的解決方案。electric令人激動的，和exciting, thrilling 是同義詞。比如 an electric performance. 刺激的表演。埃德蒙認為這些項目的作用是幫助他們認

38、識到有各種不同的管理風格。He describes the programmes as helping people recognize that there is a range of effective management styles.他說：We wanted to throw new light on old problems. The participants responded very positively. In one task they were given £ 500 and told to make as much profit with it as pos

39、sible.我們想用新眼光來看待老問題，參賽者反應十分積極。有一項任務是給他們500英鎊，要求他們用這筆錢牟取最大的利潤。 埃德蒙的話中有一個重要的短語我們要注意，throw new light on ，提供線索，情況。The new facts throw some light on the matter. 新的事實給弄清楚這事情提供了線索。throw light on sth. 解釋, 闡明, 使某人明白埃德蒙接著說，They came up with amazing ideas. They put on discos. They went to the Czech border, bou

40、ght products and then sold them at a profit. 他們表演了迪斯科。然后他們來到捷克邊界，買了一些產(chǎn)品又把它們買掉，從中賺了錢。put on discos: 表演迪斯科。Put on 表演。 類似的搭配有：put on a concert 舉行音樂會。（第五段的講解）Welch believes the programmes were excellent at getting people excited about their jobs. 維奇認為這些訓練項目對“調(diào)動人們的工作積極性”很有效果。他也警告說： We need to ensure that

41、 what happens on the programmes happen back in the workplace. 我們要保證訓練中達到的效果在工作中也能體現(xiàn)出來。The results, however, are already very positive. 然而，結果已經(jīng)是非?？隙ǖ牧? 維奇又接著說：The two programmes cost us about £ 40,000 in total, including food and accommodation, but the returns we are getting from them are huge.

42、We saved about £ 200,000 from the first programme and we are expecting savings of around £ 700,000 from the second one. 這兩個培訓項目總共花去了4萬英鎊，包括食宿在內(nèi)，但我們從中得到的回報是巨大的。第一個項目就給我們省了20萬英鎊，而第二個項目我們期望能省70萬英鎊左右。在這段話中，returns 是“盈利”，“收益”的意思，商務英語中，return多數(shù)情況下用復數(shù)。比如：business returns 營業(yè)收入；small profits and qu

43、ick returns 薄利多銷；companies seek higher returns by investing in other corporations 一些公司通過向其它股份公司投資謀求更高的利潤。注意：returns 在商務英語中還可以理解為“退貨”的意思，此時只能用復數(shù)的形式:He began working on his salesman samples, sorting out broken packages and returns. 他開始整理那些推銷貨樣，把包裝破損的和退回來的撿出來。（第六段的講解）The programmes also form the basis

44、of monthly reviews, in which progress is measured against targets set in the programmes. 在這兩項目的基礎上還形成個每月一次的評估，以項目規(guī)定所要達到的目標來衡量實際進展。be measured against 的意思是做比較，衡量。我們再來看維奇的總結，看他對培訓是否滿意。You can see the results improving each month. Im very pleased with the way it has worked out,你可以看到結果每個月都在進步，我對這項工作的進展感

45、到十分滿意。最后，我們回過頭來看節(jié)目開始時的兩個問題： How did Cussons develop teamworkin its new Polish subsidiaries and what benefits did it bring?卡森公司怎樣在它的波蘭分公司發(fā)展團隊合作的，并取得了那些收益? 經(jīng)過上邊的學習，我們知道：Cussons brought in three expatriate managers to workwith the local sales staff in project teams. 卡森公司聘請了三位旅居海外的經(jīng)理，同波蘭本地的銷售人員結成團隊一起工作I

46、t also brought in a consultant, who organized two one-week courses, working on team-building and developing creative thinking. 不僅如此，卡森公司還聘請一位管理顧問，主持了兩個為期一周的活動，專門解決如何搞好團隊建設以及開拓創(chuàng)造性思維。Cussons has seen financial benefits, reporting savings of £ 200,000 from the first course and expected savings of

47、£ 700,000 from the second one. The courses have also allowed the participants to measure progress against targets set on the course and have made people excited about their jobs.因為這些措施，卡森公司在財務上有了明顯的收益，第一個培訓課程給他們節(jié)省了20萬英鎊，第二個課程估計也能節(jié)省70萬英鎊左右。此外，這些課程還調(diào)動參與者的積極性，讓他們能用規(guī)定的目標來衡量實際的進展。P12 para 2,3,5 P24

48、para 3, 5, 6 Unit 2 B Corporate hospitality第二單元 B 商務接待Mixing business with pleasure 商務與娛樂相結合課文講解Diane Summers picks up some tips on how hosts and clients can mix business and pleasure more effectively.戴安娜·薩默爾學到一些如何把商務和娛樂更有效地結合起來的竅門。Pick up 這個短語是“學會，學到”的意思，比如：She soon picked up French when she w

49、ent to live in France.她到法國居住后很快就學會了法語。另外，pick up還有一個常見的意思，那就是“接某人”，比如，pick me up at the airport. 在機場接我。Got a lunch with a client or contact today? Are you sure your objectives of the meal are clear? 您今天是否要與客人或與您有業(yè)務聯(lián)系的人共進午餐？您肯定這頓飯的目標明確嗎？contact 做名詞，意思是“熟人，在業(yè)務上有關系的人”，“可能有利用價值的人”“關系戶”（a person, esp. in

50、 a high position, whom you can use to your knowledge in your work or socially to give you information or instructions ）例如，the contact at city hall 在市政府工作的人。If your answer to the last question is yes-having some nice food and getting to know the other person a little better, you could be in need of a

51、 training course. 如果您對最后一個問題的回答是肯定的享用美味食物的同時，進一步了解對方。您就可能需要一個培訓課程來幫助您提高技巧。 In need of .需要的意思。我們在前邊的課程就曾經(jīng)講到這個短語。I am in need of some useful information.我需要一些有用的信息。Fortunately, one is now available. 幸運的是?，F(xiàn)在就有這樣一個課程。available 的意思是可以得到的。比如，a lot free English courses are now available in the internet .現(xiàn)在

52、在網(wǎng)絡上有很多免費的英語課程。available 這個詞很有用。比如說：I am not available. I am already engaged.不好意思。我已經(jīng)訂婚了。用這句話可以很明確地拒絕那些追求你的人。This course is called influencing in a Social Context, the three-day programme run by Huthwaite, the UK-based training consultants, will give you the knowledge and skills to plan and achieve

53、objectives in a social setting while ensuring that your clients and prospects still enjoy themselves.這個課程叫“在社交環(huán)境中影響別人”，這個為期三天的課程由總部設在英國的荷士衛(wèi)培訓咨詢公司主辦，課程將為您提供在社交環(huán)境中籌劃并達到商務目的所需要的知識和技巧，同時又保證讓您的客戶和潛在的客戶獲得享受。在這段話中，有兩個很重要的單詞，第一個是context: 環(huán)境， 背景， 來龍去脈； 前后關系.You can often tell the meaning of a word from its c

54、ontext.我們往往可以從一個字的上下文知道它的意思。Crime has to be studied in its social context.研究犯罪活動必須聯(lián)系它們所在的社會背景。 另外一個單詞是prospect.這是一個可數(shù)名詞，意思是“可能的/潛在的顧客”，“委托人或購買者”（a potential customer, client, or purchaser）比如：The car salesman talked to several prospects.那汽車銷售員和好幾個可能成為客戶的人談話。The first thing the course stresses is that

55、 there is no point in taking client to a rugby match if you are hoping to have some one-to-one conversations.課程強調(diào)的第一個重點是，如果您希望與客戶一對一的交流，那么帶客戶人去看橄欖球賽就顯得毫無意義。there is no point in doing sth 做某件事情沒有。There is no point in talking without doing.只說不做沒有任何意義。Instead, use a sporting event or the opera, for exa

56、mple, as a hook, then arrange a meal afterwards for the more intimate discussions about your companys outstanding record, or whatever business it is that you wish to do.不過您可以反倒利用體育賽事或歌劇作為一個契機，之后安排一次工作餐，以便能和客戶更親切的談論你公司的杰出成績，或者你期望達成的生意。Hook 是指：吸引人們興趣或注意力的方式，常常翻譯為“鉤子”，“誘惑物”，“引誘手段”。比如：a sales hook 引誘人購買

57、的手段。Arrange 安排的意思，I have arranged that one of my staff will meet you at the airport. 我已經(jīng)安排好派一個職員到飛機場接你。intimate 親切，親密的意思。She was accused of being intimate with several men.有人說她與幾個男人關系曖昧.Another common mistake many businesses make is to send staff to corporate events without telling them why they are

58、 there or what they should do. 很多企業(yè)常犯的一個錯誤是尚未使員工明確為何參加以及如何參加社交活動就讓他們出席了企業(yè)活動。Business 可以是“企業(yè)”的意思，是可數(shù)名詞，在前邊的課件就講過這個詞。It is not surprising that they see this as a chance simply to stand around having free drinks on the company and chatting to each other rather than talking to clients. Everyone feels un