外研版九上英語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)從句講解及習(xí)題精品資料

1、初中英語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)從句講解一、專(zhuān)題精講知識(shí)點(diǎn) 1：定語(yǔ)從句的基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)1. 定語(yǔ)的概念： 定語(yǔ)是用來(lái)修飾、限定、說(shuō)明名詞或代詞的品質(zhì)與特征的詞?？梢宰鞫ㄕZ(yǔ)的成分有：形容詞、名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、動(dòng)詞不定式（短語(yǔ)）、分詞、從句或相當(dāng)于形容詞的詞、短語(yǔ)或句子。定語(yǔ)和中心語(yǔ)之間是修飾和被修飾、限制和被限制的關(guān)系。在漢語(yǔ)中，“的”是定語(yǔ)的標(biāo)志。e.g.: 1. She is abeautiful girl.(形容詞 作定語(yǔ) )2. It is a schoolbus.(名詞作定語(yǔ) )3. Her name is Lily./Davidscar is broken.(代詞或者名詞所有格 作定語(yǔ) )4

2、. There aretwo boys in the classroom.(數(shù)詞作定語(yǔ) )5. The woman there needs help. / People now have their festival dinners at restaurants.(副詞作定語(yǔ) )6. The man in the kitchenis my father. (介詞短語(yǔ) 作定語(yǔ) )7. There is nothing to do today. (動(dòng)詞不定式 作定語(yǔ) )8. The smilingboy needs a penbought by his father(分詞作定語(yǔ) )9. There

3、 are five boyswho will play the game.(從句作定語(yǔ) )例 1： 翻譯下列短語(yǔ)，并畫(huà)出這些短語(yǔ)中定語(yǔ)的位置。1. a naval pilot_2. two huge objects_3. the rocks on the moon_4. the girl in red_5.thevillagefaraway_6.alibrarywithlotsofbooks_7. the first man that walked on the moon_1. a naval pilot2. two huge objects3. the rockson the moon4.

4、the girlin red5. the villagefar away6. a librarywith lots of books7. the first manthat walked on the moon總結(jié)：用單詞充當(dāng)定語(yǔ)修飾名詞時(shí)，位于名詞之前，做前置定語(yǔ)。用短語(yǔ)充當(dāng)定語(yǔ)修飾名詞時(shí)，位于名詞之后，做后置定語(yǔ)。2. 定語(yǔ)從句的定義： 在復(fù)合句中，修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫做定語(yǔ)從句。定語(yǔ)從句的作用相當(dāng)于形容詞， 用來(lái)修飾主句中的某一名詞或代詞， 所以也稱作形容詞性從句。e.g.: The man who is shaking hands with my father is a poli

5、ceman. (修 飾名詞theman)Anyone who breaks the law shall be published. (修飾代詞 anyone)3. 先行詞： 被定語(yǔ)從句修飾的詞叫先行詞，定語(yǔ)從句一般緊跟在它所修飾的先行詞之后。e.g.: The people that/who come to visit the city are all here. (the people 為先行詞，被橫線部分及定語(yǔ)從句部分修飾)4. 關(guān)系詞： 在先行詞和定語(yǔ)從句之間起連接作用的詞叫關(guān)系詞。關(guān)系詞有關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞兩種。關(guān)系代詞有 that, which, who, whom, whose ；

6、例 2：判斷下列復(fù)合句是否含有定語(yǔ)從句，如果有，在括號(hào)內(nèi)打中把定語(yǔ)從句畫(huà)出來(lái)。“”并在句1. Armstrong became the first human that walked on the moon.()2. There are reports which say Armstrong and Aldrin saw alien spacecraft when they were on the moon.( )3. Neil Armstrong is the person who made people around the world realize that space explora

7、tion was truly possible. ( )4. The most important award that Armstrong got for his service was the Medal of Freedom.( )5. Many people believe that aliens were watching the astronauts when they landed. ( )知識(shí)點(diǎn) 2： 關(guān)系詞的作用及分類(lèi)1. 關(guān)系詞的作用： A. 引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句； B. 代替先行詞； C. 在定語(yǔ)從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)一個(gè)成分。e.g.: The man who is shaking han

8、ds with my father is a policeman.該 句 中 ， who is shaking hands with my father 是 定 語(yǔ) 從 句 ， 修 飾 先 行 詞the man， “ who”是引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞，代替先行詞the man，在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)。2. 關(guān)系詞的分類(lèi)： 引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的詞分為關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞I. 引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞主要有who, whom, whose, which, that 等。它們分別代替前面的先行詞，并在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ)。1.who 指人，在從句中做主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，且做賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，?？墒÷?；e.g.: The bo

9、ys who are playing football are from Class One.（做主語(yǔ)）Do you know the girl who is standing under the tree? （做主語(yǔ)）The girl (who) you talk to just now is my friend. （做賓語(yǔ)）2. whom 指人，在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)，?？墒÷裕话阋部捎脀ho 替代。但在介詞后面只能用whom。e.g.: Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about.The man who/whom you met just

10、now is my friend.Two men, neither of whom I had ever seen before, came into my office. （在介詞后面不用 who ）3. which 指物，在定語(yǔ)從句中做主語(yǔ)或者賓語(yǔ)，做賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可省略。e.g.: Football is a game which is liked by most boys.做(主語(yǔ) )This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday. 做(賓語(yǔ) )4. that 既可指人也可指物。指人時(shí)，相當(dāng)于who 或者 whom；指物時(shí)，相當(dāng)于which。在定語(yǔ)從句中

11、作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，做賓語(yǔ)時(shí)常省略。e.g.: The people that/who come to visit the city are all here. (做主語(yǔ)，指代人 )Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning? (做賓語(yǔ)，指代人 )The picture that is on the wall cost much. (做主語(yǔ)，指代物Did you see the computer that I bought yesterday? (做賓語(yǔ)，指代物 )5. whose通常指人，也可指物，在定語(yǔ)從句中做定語(yǔ)，后面要緊跟被修飾的名詞。e.g.

12、: He has a friend whose father is a doctor.I lived in a house whose roof has fallen in.whose 指物時(shí)，常用以下結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)代替The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.=The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.Do you like the book whose color is yellow?=Do you like the book the col

13、or of which is yellow? (批注：此部分選講 )檢測(cè)題（一）：?jiǎn)雾?xiàng)選擇() 1. -The volunteers are doing a great job in Yushu.-Yes. They are helping the people _ are suffering from the earthquake.(2010 揚(yáng)州 )A. whichB. whatC. /D. who() 2. They want to develop a kind a dog-friendly food _ will help dog ownerscool down their pets.

14、 (2010 常州 )A. whoB. whatC. whichD. whether() 3. The girl _won the gold medal comes fromBeijing Sunshine SecondarySchool. (2010鎮(zhèn)江 )A. whoB. whichC. whatD. whom() 4. One of the most interesting places in Yangzhou _ are often visited byforeigners is the West Slender Lake. (2011揚(yáng)州 )A. whatB. whoC. thatD

15、. /() 5. Who is your favourite writer?Mo Yan. He is the first Chinese person _ wins the Nobel Prize forLiterature.A. whichB. whereC. thatD.whom() 6.I like the photoI took on the beach yesterday. What do youthink of it?Well, really nice!A. whereB. when() 7. We all like the story about the teacherweek.A. whatB. whoC. whichD. whohappened in our school lastC. whomD. that答案：DCACCCD知識(shí)點(diǎn) 3：關(guān)系代詞的選用一般情況下，that 既可以指人又可指物，可以代替