《英語(yǔ)聽(tīng)力教程3》聽(tīng)力原文與答案

1、英語(yǔ)聽(tīng)力教程3答案與聽(tīng)力材料UNIT 1Part I Getting readyA.B. Keys:1: burning of the forests/tree removal (deforestation)/reduction of the world's rain forests 2: global warming/greenhouse effect/emissions of CO2Part II The Earth at risk (I)A. Keys:1.a. More people more firewood-fewer treesb. More domestic anima

2、ls more plantsfewer availableplantsa, b- Moredesert-move south desrtt expandingsouth- no grass2. Growing crops stabilize soil, without them the top soil just blows away. But if there isn't enough rain the crops don't grow.3. People try to grow food to support themselves or to create ranches

3、where cattle can be raised, or to get hardwood for export, or to make way for an iron ore mineB. Keys:1: SaharaDesert 2: North America & most of Europe 3: top soil blowing away 4: tropical forests destruction 5: animal/plant species being extinct 6: climate change for the whole worldPart III The

4、 Earth at risk (II)A. Keys:1: Trees would hold rainfall in their roots.When forests in the higherup-river have been destroyed, all the rain that falls in the monsoonseason flows straight into the river and starts the flooding. 2: He implies that somenational governments just consider the results of

5、their policies in the near future, or just think as far ahead as the next election.B. Keys:1: flooding in Bangladesh 2: Action to be taken 3: population controlPart IV More about the topic: The Effects of Global WarmingKeys:2: Warming up of the world 2: Effects of global 3: reduced potential for foo

6、d production 4: change of patterns of hear-related food poisoning, etc.Part V Do you know ？A. Keys:1: F 2: F 3: F 4: F 5: TB. Keys:Dos 1: your towels 2: Cut out 3: a wall-fire 4: fridge 5: wait until you've a full load 6: a plete mealDon' ts 7: iron everything 8: the iron up 9: the kettle 10

7、: to the brim 11: hot food Tape script Part I Getting ready A.B.1 .The Amazon forests are disappearing because of increased burning and tree removal. In September, satellite pictures showed more than 20000 fires burning in the Amazon. Experts say most of these fires were set by farmers. The farmers

8、were attempting to clear land to grow crops. The World Wildlife Fund says another serious problem is that too many trees in the Amazon rain forest are being cut down. The World Wildlife Fund says the fires show the need for urgent international action to protect the world's rain forests. The gro

9、up warns that without such action someforests could be lost forever.2 . Environmental issues swell to the full in Berlin this week, for the UNspongsored conference on global warming and climate change is the first such meeting since the Rio summit three years ago. With scientists and governments now

10、 generally ready to accept that the earth climate is being affected by emissions of CO2 and other greenhouse gases, over a hundred countries are sending delegations. But how much progress has been made implementing the greenhouse gas reduction target agreed on at Rio? Simon Dary reports.Part II The

11、Earth at risk (I) A.I (Interviewer):Brian Cowles is the producer of a newseries ofdocumentaries called "The Earth at Risk" which can be seen on Channel 4 later this month. Each program deals with a different continent, doesn't it, Brian?B (Brian Cowles): That's right. Wewent to Ame

12、rica, both North and South and then we went over to Africa and South-East Asia.I: And what did you find in each of these continents?B: Starting with Africa, our film shows the impact of the population on the environment. Generally speaking, this has caused the SaharaDesert to expand. It's a bit

13、of a vicious circle we find. People cut down trees for firewood and their domestic animals eat all the available plantsand so consequently they have to move south as the SaharaDesert expands further south. I mean, soon the whole of Mali will bee a desert. And in East Africa: here the grasslands are

14、supporting too many animals and the result is, of course, there's no grass nothing for the animals to eat.I: I see. And the next film deals with North America?B: That'sright. In the USA, as you know, intensive agriculture requiresa plentifulsupply of rain for these crops to grow, I meanif th

15、ere isn'tenough rain the crops don't grow. And growing crops stabilize soil, without them the top soil just blows away. This is also true for any region that is intensely farmed most of Europe, for example.I: And what did you find in South America?B: In South America (as in Central Africa an

16、d Southern Asia) tropical forests are being cut downat an alarming rate. This is done so that people can support themselves by growing food or to create ranches where cattle can be raised to be exported to Europe or America as tinned meat. The problem is that the soil is so poor that only a couple o

17、f harvests are possible before this very thin soil bees exhausted. And it can't be fed with fertilizers like agricultural land in Europe.For example, in Brazil in 1982 an area of jungle the size of Britain andFrance bined was destroyed to makeway for an iron ore mine. Huge numbers of trees are b

18、eing cut down for exports as hardwood to Japan, Europe, USA to make things like luxury furniture. These forests can't be replaced the forest soil is thin and unproductive and in just a few years, a jungle has bee a waste land. Tropicalforests contain rare plants (which we canuse for medicines, f

19、or example) and animals one animal or plant species bees extinct every half hour. These forest trees also have worldwide effects. You know, they convert carbon dioxide into oxygen. The consequence of destroying forests is not only that the climate of that region changes (because there is less rainfa

20、ll) but this change affects the whole world. I mean, over half the world's rain forest has been cut down this century.Part III The Earth at risk (II) A.I: So, Brian, would you agree that what we generally think of as natural disasters are in fact man-made?B: Yes, by and large. I mean, obviously

21、not hurricanes or earthquakes, but take flooding, for example. Practically every year, the whole of Bangladesh is flooded and this is getting worse. You know, the cause is that forests have been cut down up in Nepal and India, I mean higher up-river in the Himalayas. Trees would hold rainfall in the

22、ir roots, but if they've been cut down all the rain that falls in the monsoon season flows sraight into the river Ganges and floods the whole country. The reason for floodingin Sudan is the same the forests higher up the BlueNile in Ethiopia have been destroyed too.I: Well,this all sounds terrib

23、ly depressing. Um. Whatis to be done?I mean, can anything be done, in fact?B: Yes, of course it can. First, the national governments have to be forward-looking and consider the results of their policies in ten or twenty years, not just think as far ahead as the next election. Somehow, all the countr

24、ies in the world have to work together on an international basis. Secondly, the population has to be controlled in some way: there are too manypeople trying to live off too little land. Thirdly, we don't need tropical hardwood to make our furniture it's a luxury people in the West must do wi

25、thout. Softwoods are just as good, less expensive and can be produced on environment-friendly "tree farms", where trees are replaced at the same rate that they are cut down.I: And, presumably, education is important as well. People must be educated to realize the consequences of their acti

26、ons?B: Yes, of course.I: Well, thank you, Brian B.I: So, Brian, would you agree that what we generally think of as . er. as er . natural disasters are in fact man-made?B: Yes, by and large . er . I mean, obviously not hurricanes or earthquakes, but take flooding, for example. I mean, practically eve

27、ry year, the whole of Bangladesh is flooded and this is getting worse. You know, the cause is that forests have been cut downup in Nepal and India . I mean . higher up-river in the Himalayas. Trees .er . would hold rainfall in their roots, but if they've been cut down all the rain that falls in

28、the monsoonseason flows straight into the river Gangesand floods the whole country. The reason for flooding in Sudan is the same theforests higher up the Blue Nile in Ethiopia have been destroyed too.I: Well, this all sounds terribly depressing. Um. what is to be done? I mean, can anything be done,

29、in fact?B: Yes, of course it can . er . first, the national governments have to be forward-looking and consider the results of their policies in ten or twenty years, not just think as far ahead as the next election. Somehow, all the countries in the world have to work together on an international ba

30、sis. Secondly, the population has to be controlled in some way: there are too manypeople trying to live off too little land. Thirdly, we don't need tropical hardwood to make our furniture it's a luxury people in the West must do without. Softwoods are just as good, less expensive and can be

31、produced on environment-friendly "tree farms", where trees are replaced at the same rate that they are cut down.I: And, presumably, education is important as well. People must be educated to realize the consequences . um . of their actions?B: Yes, yes of course.I: Well, thank you, Brian.Pa

32、rt IV More about the topic: The Effects of Global WarmingThe world is warming up. We know this because average temperatures are the highest since scientists started measuring them 600 years ago. The increase is about 0.2 C every year. This mayseemvery slight, but we know that slight changes in tempe

33、rature can have a big effect on other things. Most scientists now believe this global warming is due to humanactivity. Jeff Jenkins is head of Britain's ClimatePredictionCenter. He explains how global warming can happen."Sunlight strikes the earth and warms it up. At the sametime heat leave

34、s the earth, but part of that is trapped by carbon dioxide and other gases in the earth's atmosphere. That has been happening ever since the earth was formed. But the fear is that increasing amounts of carbon dioxide produced by industrial processes and transport and so on will lead to a greater

35、 warming of the earth's surface. So that's the golbal warming that people are concerned about."People are most concerned about the use of fossil fuels. Fossil fuels are oil, coal, wood and so on. When these burn, they produce the gas carbon dioxide. Many scientists agree that an increas

36、e in the amount of carbon dioxide and some of the gases in the atmosphere will increase the amount of warming. puters are being used to predict what this may mean. They showed that there could be great changes in rainfall and the rise in the sea level as ice caps in the north and south poles melt. T

37、his could have a serious effect on agriculture according to Prof. Martin Perry of UniversityCollege in London. He says it could bee more difficult to grow food in the tropics at lower latitudes nearer to the equator."The most clear pattern emerging is the possibilityof reduced potentialproducti

38、on in lower latitude regions, and most generally speaking, increased potential in higher latitude regions. Lower latitude regions are already warm, to put it extremely simply, and plants there are quite near their limits of heat and drought stress. An increase in temperature or reduction in moisture

39、 would place limits on crop growth." Woman: Global warming could reduce food production in lower latitude regions. Lower latitude regions are already warm. Global warming could put more stress on plans and place limits on crop growth.Food production is only one area that could be affected. Ther

40、e could also be health and social problems. Prof. Antony MacMichael of the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine believes that some rural areas are already suffering. And the insects and bacteria could spread disease more easily."Already a number of rural populations around the world a

41、re suffering from the decline of agricultural systems. Climate change would add to this.And we would expect that it would accelerate the flood of environmental refugees around the world. But it includes not just the food production systems, but the patterns of distribution of insects and infective a

42、gents around the world. It includes likely effects on patterns of hear-related food poisoning, water contamination and diarrhea diseases, lots of things like this that would respond sensitively to changes in climate." Woman: Global warming could affect the distribution of insects. Global warmin

43、g could change patterns of heat-related food poisoning.Manycountries now agree that something must be done to reduce the danger of global warming. But a worldwide agreement on lowering the production of carbon dioxide has been difficult to reach. This is because many economies depend on fossil fuels

44、 like oil. Scientists believe it's now the politicians in every region of the world who need to take action.Part V Do you know ？Environment has taken rather a back seat politically since the Earth summit in Rio de Janeiro nearly 5 years ago. But the problems that meeting highlighted had not gone

45、 away. One environmental think tank the International Food Policy Research Institute has been looking at thefuture of water and its report reflects growing concern at the huge leap in usage over the past few years.In some parts of the world, water consumption has increased five fold.And the institut

46、e, known by its initials IFPRI, says shortages could soon bee the trigger for conflict and a major barrier to feeding the world's growing population. Here's Richard Black of our Science Unit."It's often been said that water rather than oil will be the cause of warfare in the next ce

47、ntury. According to the IFPRI report, the time when that happens might not be far away. The number of people affected by water shortage will increase ten fold over the next 30 years, it says, which could well lead to large scale conflicts.The main reason why water is being a scarce resource is agric

48、ulture, which now accounts for 70% of water consumption worldwide, 90% in some developing countries. Countless farmers have switched from growing indigenous crops for the homemarket to high yield export varieties, which inevitably need far more water. But the IFPRI report says that in some regions w

49、ater shortage is now the single biggest impediment to feeding the population. Water scarcity also leads to water pollution. In the IndianState of West Bengal, for example, over extraction of water from bore holes has led to arsenic poisoning which is estimated to have affected two million people so

50、far. But the IFPRI report calls for better water management worldwide including financial incentives to encourage conservation."That report by Richard Black of our Science Unit. Unit 2Part I Getting ready A.B. Keys:1: International Union for the Conservation of Nature,United Nations, wildlife,

51、policies 2: Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species,trade, animals and plants, 1975, prohibits, 8000, controls,30000 3: United Nations Environmental Program,leadership, environment, quality of life4: World Wide Fund forNature(formerly World Wildlife Fund) ,1961, SaharaDesert, North A

52、merica & most of Europe,top soil blowing awayC. Keys:1: 2 2: 4 3: 5 4: 1,6 5: 3Questions:1: They work to conserve natural areas that contain endangered wildlife2: They are campaigning to provide sea sanctuaries for some of these endangered species.Protected-nesting sites for turtles have been se

53、t up 3: It refers to the places of safety in the sea where sea animals are protected and allowed to live freelyPart II Christmas bird countsA. Keys:1: Jan. 3rd 2: more than 40 000 volunteers 3: 1 600 4: a 15 mile diameter5: an American artist 6: their natural habitats 7: the late 1800sB. Keys:1: sta

54、rt 2: sponsored 3: outside counting birds 4: experienced bird watchers 5: anyone that is interested or concerned 6: scheduled 7: 10 people taking part 8: 15 mile diameter circle 9: the total bird populations 10: the number of birds 11: the longest-running bird census 12: undefinedPart III Dolphin ca

55、ptivityA.B. Keys:1: 1 2: 3 3: 4 4: 5 5: 2 6: Dolphins should be kept in captivity. 7: There are educational benefits of keeping marine mammals in captivity.C. Keys:1: stress (family-oriented) 2: sonar bouncing off 3: average age of death; life getting better for captive dolphins 4: natural behabior

56、patterns-altered5: suffering from fractured skulls, ribs or jaws 6: can't learn from animals in the wild how they operate, breed, what they need, etc. Part IV More about the topic: Birds-A Source of Wealth Keys:1 : 9300 2： Habitat 3: warmer climates 4： 300 different species 5: colder climates 6

57、: habitat alteration 7: esthetic value 8: Birds' populationPart V Do you know ？Keys:I: one and one-half million 2: 20 times 3: 100 4: 40000 5: 65 million6: 3500 7: 2 million square miles 8: 3% 9: 200 animal species 10: 1000II: a third 12: two-thirds 13: three-quartersTape scriptPart I Getting re

58、adyA: Hello, I'm calling on behalf of the World Wildlife Fund.B: The what?A: The World Wildlife Fund. If you've got a few minutes I'd like to tell you what that means.B: Oh, all right.A: We work to conserve natural areas that contain endangered wildlife.The seas, for example, have bee po

59、lluted by the industrialized world;whales are being hunted to extinction; turtles are rolled off their eggs when they e ashore to breed or are slaughtered for their meat and oil B: Oh.A: Crocodiles are killed to makehandbags and shoes; walruses are hunted for their ivory.B: I see.A: Seals are bludgeoned to death to provide fur coats and the threat of extinction hangs over several species of whale, dolphin and porpoise.B: Really.A: We are now campaigning to provide sea sanctuari