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1、附錄附錄A外文翻譯The Analysis on Related Problems of Temperaure-humidity Control for Monitoring System of Central Air-condition1 Introduction "Green building" focus on environmental protection, energy saving, efficient use of resources and materials, especially focus on requirements for air temper

2、ature, humidity, ventilation and cleanliness. Therefore, the use of air conditioning system is more widely. Air-conditioning control system involves many aspects, but more complex tasks to be achieved. It needs support of cold and heat. There are high-power air conditioning unit fan, but it's a

3、great energy. Under the premise of meeting the requirements of users to air environment, only the use of advanced control strategies to control air-conditioning system, can achieve energy conservation and reduce cost of operation. The following will make a brief discussion about perspective problems

4、 with the monitoring system from control strategy. 2 system's basic structure and working principle Structure and composition of air-conditioning system generally include the sections: (1) Part of the new wind Air-conditioning system during operation to capture part of the outdoor fresh air (ie

5、fresh air), this part of the fresh air to meet indoor staff required minimum fresh air volume, so air conditioning system of fresh air taken into the amount determined by air-conditioning system service uses and hygiene requirements. The new wind into the general population in the surrounding areas

6、from pollution. These new wind into port and air conditioning systems and new air ducts installation of new wind Dust (new style air filter), new air heaters (also known as air-conditioning system in a heater) came together to form a new air system air conditioning system. (2) Part of air purificati

7、on Air-conditioning system according to their different uses, purification of air in different ways. Therefore, in the air purification system has set an initial effect of a simple air filter cleaning system, but also set an initial effective air filter and air filter efficiency level of the general

8、 purification system, in addition to setting an initial efficiency air filters, one in the efficiency of air filters and a HEPA filter for three high-purification system filter. (3) Part of the air heat, wet Air heating, humidification and cooling, dehumidification, will combine the process, known a

9、s the air conditioning system, heat, wet part. In the air to heat, wet processing, surface-air heat exchanger. Setting a new air intakes in the system, a return air as the air before the air heater in a heater; set before cooling dehumidification air heater, known as the secondary air heater; set in

10、 air-conditioned room before sending outlet air heater, known as the three air heaters. Three air-conditioned room heater to regulate the main role of the temperature, the thermal coal used for the hot water or electric heating. The surface heat exchanger in cold water or a refrigerant through the l

11、ow-temperature water-cooled surface, called the direct evaporative cooler or cooler surface, but also by spraying cold water or hot water washer, There are also direct water spray of steam approach to achieve the air hot and wet processing. (4) The section of air transportation and distribution and

12、control Fans and air conditioning systems to send, return air pipe as part of air transport. Duct in the regulation of air valve, butterfly valve, damper, boot valve and air outlet such as points, control section. Air-conditioning system according to the different air resistance, set the number of f

13、ans are different, if the air conditioning system for a wind turbine set, the fans not only from the air role, the role was underway as a single return air fan system; if the air conditioning system set two fans, one for the blower, another fan for the back, then called the two-fan system. (5). cold

14、 and heat source of air conditioning system, Air conditioning systems used in the cold cold source is generally divided into natural and artificial sources of cold source. Natural cooling source generally refers to ground water from deep wells, artificial cold source generally refers to the use of a

15、rtificial refrigeration means available, which includes the vapor compression refrigeration, absorption refrigeration, and steam jet refrigeration, and other means. Modern large-scale buildings are often used for central air conditioning system Its working principle is when the ambient temperature i

16、s too high, the air conditioning system, through re-circulated to the indoor heat away so that the indoor temperature is maintained at a certain value. When the circulation of air through the fan coil, the high-temperature air through the cooling coil of aluminum metal prior to heat exchange coil of

17、 aluminum absorbs heat from the air, the air temperature decreases, and then the cycle of freezing air given away after Indoor. Chilled water cooling coil provided by the cooling machine, cooler by the compressor, condenser and evaporator component. Compressor to compress refrigerant, refrigerant co

18、mpressed into the condenser, cooled by cooling water into the liquid, precipitation heat from the cooling water, and drained the cooling tower air. Liquid refrigerant from the condenser into the evaporator, evaporation, so that chilled water cooling, and then into the water-cooled chilled water fan

19、coil heat absorption in the air, again and again, cycle continuously, the indoor heat away. When the ambient temperature is too low, the need for hot water into the fan coil, and the above-mentioned principles, as given away heated indoor air. After air cooling, water analysis of the air relative hu

20、midity decreased, become dry, so need to increase humidity, it is necessary to install humidifiers, water spray or spray to steam air humidification treatment, the use of such wet air to supplement inadequate amount of indoor water vapor. 3. central air conditioning system control problems 3.1 The c

21、haracteristics of the controlled object Air-conditioning system control objects are mostly thermal objects, from the perspective of control, has the following characteristics: (1)more disruptive For example, incoming solar radiation through windows, heat is a function of time, subject to weather con

22、ditions; outdoor air temperature, room temperature through the envelope on impact; through doors, windows, building cracks penetrated the outdoor air temperature impact; to change gas (or maintain a certain positive pressure room) adopted a new style, its temperature changes have a direct impact on

23、the room temperature. In addition, the electric heater (air heater) power supply voltage fluctuations and hot water heater hot water pressure, temperature, steam pressure fluctuations, will affect the room temperature. So much interference, so that air conditioning load in the larger context of chan

24、ge, and their location into the system, form, size and frequency of such magnitude, both with the construction of the structure (building thermal performance), use of different and different, even with air conditioning technology itself. Should be considered in the design of air conditioning systems

25、 to minimize interference with or taking anti-jamming measures. Therefore, we can say that air conditioning project is based on building thermal, air-conditioning technology and automation technology based on a comprehensive engineering. (2) Multi-condition Air conditioning technology in the treatme

26、nt process is highly seasonal. Year, at least into the winter season and summer transition. In recent years, distributed systems in the air conditioning system, air conditioning for multiple applications to create conditions favorable conditions. As the air conditioning system, diversification, oper

27、ational management and control devices to become complicated. Therefore require operators to be in strict accordance with the energy-efficient design requirements, including technical measures to operate, and maintain, not free to change run Cheng Xu, and Zhong's Shebei Chaigai system. (3) tempe

28、rature, humidity correlation Describe the state of the two main parameters of air temperature and humidity as they are not completely independent of the two the relative humidity changes will cause humidification (or dehumidification) action, the results will lead to temperature fluctuations; and te

29、mperature changes, so indoor air vapor saturation pressure, the absolute moisture content in the same situation, directly change the relative humidity (relative humidity to reduce the temperature increased, the temperature increase reduces relative humidity). Associated with the parameters such as r

30、elative parameters. Clearly, in the temperature and humidity of the air-conditioning systems required to form the automatic control system should pay attention to this feature. 3.2 Control ProblemsSuch as central air conditioning system for large, complex process (or object) of the control implement

31、ation, usually by some kind of guidelines, the lower its decomposition into a number of subsystems to exercise control, co-ordination in the top performance among the various subsystems, making integration After the system is in some sense the optimal state. Problems in control mainly in: (1) uncert

32、ainty Traditional (2) highly nonlinear (3) semi-structured and unstructured (4) system complexity (5)Reliability 4. the selection of control strategy The uncertainty of complex systems, since the controlled object (process) is difficult to use the characteristics of the mathematical model accurately

33、 described. The traditional PID control theory based on classical control and state space representation based on modern control theory methods to achieve high dynamic and static charged object quality control is very difficult, usually with black-box method, that method of input and output descript

34、ion control system analysis and design, a large number of energy and the introduction of human wisdom, experience and skills. Controller is based on mathematical models and the combination of broad knowledge of systems design model, that of the control of the uncertainty of complex systems generally

35、 use the intelligent control strategy. Such control system has the following basic features: (1) has enough on people's control strategy charged objects and the environment with the knowledge and using the knowledge of the "wisdom" (2)is knowledge that can be generalized mathematical m

36、odel and the non-mathematical description that the mixing process, using open loop control and the combination of qualitative and quantitative control of the multi-mode control; (3) with variable structure features, can be generally self-optimizing, self-adaptive, self-organization, self-learning an

37、d self-coordination; (4) with compensation and self-healing capabilities, determine decision-making capacity and high reliability. Highlight the advantages of intelligent control strategy is to take full advantage of human control performance, information acquisition, transmission, processing perfor

38、mance results and psychological, physical test data, the establishment of control by a "people" aspects of the model to be controlled object with a machine models complement each other, man-machine system design, providing flexibility for the system analysis and design. For example, when c

39、reating the object model is very difficult to control when the controller model can be established, such as establishing control expert model, design expert controller; when the controller model is difficult to establish when the controlled object model can be established; the design of charged obje

40、ct model has difficulties, but also a "control person of a controlled object" of the joint model, the cybernetic system model, such as "people person" cybernetic systems game theory model. As the transformation of modern sensing detection technology and the development of compute

41、r hardware-related technologies have basically solved Kongzhi system properly in the hardware problems, difficulty is that the information in the information processing Hu Liu's control, so the control objectives and control Gongneng of Wan Cheng All software is often used method. Different cont

42、rol strategy to construct the algorithm for its complexity, robustness, decoupling performance, etc. vary widely, in the technical realization of the cost of hardware and software resources are also different, people look forward to is the lowest cost control strategy, in this aspects of human intel

43、ligent control strategy has its unique advantages. Simulated intelligent control is a summary, imitate human control experience and behavior, to describe the production rules in control of the inspired and intuitive reasoning behavior is to mimic the basic features of the control of behavior control

44、 specialists, control algorithm is a multi-modal and multi-mode control alternating between the use of, and has good decoupling performance and robustness. From a complex system control engineering practice experience, select the simulated intelligent control strategy is a wise move. In addition to

45、simulation intelligent control strategies, as well as fuzzy control, expert system control strategies. 5 Conclusion Since central air-conditioning system in the energy-saving building automation systems occupy a special position, shown on the central air conditioning system control the pattern of si

46、gnificance. In this paper, the system temperature and humidity control for a more detailed analysis, and describes the main advantages of intelligent control strategy for the design of similar systems provide useful help. From: Air Conditioning Control and Management中央空調(diào)監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)中溫、濕度控制的相關(guān)問題分析1引言“綠色建筑主要強(qiáng)

47、調(diào)的是環(huán)保,節(jié)能,資源和材料的有效利用,特別是對(duì)空氣的溫度、濕度、通風(fēng)及潔凈度的要求。因此,空調(diào)系統(tǒng)的應(yīng)用越來越廣泛??照{(diào)控制系統(tǒng)涉及面廣,而要實(shí)現(xiàn)的任務(wù)比擬復(fù)雜。需要有冷、熱源的支持??照{(diào)機(jī)組內(nèi)有大功率的風(fēng)機(jī),但它的能耗很大。在滿足用戶對(duì)空氣環(huán)境要求的前提下,只有采用先進(jìn)的控制策略對(duì)空凋系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行控制,才能到達(dá)節(jié)約能源和降低運(yùn)行費(fèi)用的目的。 以下將從控制策略角度對(duì)與監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)有關(guān)的問題作簡要討論。 2 空調(diào)系統(tǒng)的根本結(jié)構(gòu)及工作原理空調(diào)系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)組成一般包括下幾局部: (1)新風(fēng)局部 空調(diào)系統(tǒng)在運(yùn)行過程中必須采集局部室外的新鮮空氣(即新風(fēng)),這局部新風(fēng) 必須滿足室內(nèi)工作人員所需要的最小新鮮空氣量,

48、因此空調(diào)系統(tǒng)的新風(fēng)取入量決 定于空調(diào)系統(tǒng)的效勞用途和衛(wèi)生要求。 新風(fēng)的導(dǎo)入口一般設(shè)在周圍不受污染影響的地方。這些新風(fēng)的導(dǎo)入口和空調(diào)系統(tǒng)的新風(fēng)管道以及新風(fēng)的濾塵裝置(新風(fēng)空 氣過濾器),新風(fēng)預(yù)熱器(又稱為空調(diào)系統(tǒng)的一次加熱器)共同組成了空調(diào)系統(tǒng)的新 風(fēng)系統(tǒng)。 (2)空氣的凈化局部 空調(diào)系統(tǒng)根據(jù)其用途不同,對(duì)空氣的凈化處理方式也不同。因此,在空調(diào)凈化系統(tǒng)中有設(shè)置一級(jí)初效空氣過濾器的簡單凈化系統(tǒng), 也有設(shè)置一級(jí)初效空氣過 濾器和一級(jí)中效空氣過濾器的一般凈化系統(tǒng),另外還有設(shè)置一級(jí)初效空氣過濾器,一級(jí)中效空氣過濾器和一級(jí)高效空氣過濾器的三級(jí)過濾裝置的高凈化系統(tǒng)。 (3)空氣的熱,濕處理局部 對(duì)空氣進(jìn)行加

49、熱,加濕和降溫,去濕,將有關(guān)的處理過程組合在一起,稱為空調(diào)系統(tǒng)的熱,濕處理局部。在對(duì)空氣進(jìn)行熱,濕處理過程中,采用外表式空氣 換熱器。設(shè)置在系統(tǒng)的新風(fēng)入口,一次回風(fēng)之前的空氣加熱器稱為 空氣的一次加熱器; 設(shè)置在降溫去濕之前的空氣加熱器, 稱為空氣的二次加熱器; 設(shè)置在空調(diào)房間送風(fēng)口之前的空氣加熱器,稱為空氣的三次加熱器。三次空氣加 熱器主要起調(diào)節(jié)空調(diào)房間內(nèi)溫度的作用,常用的熱媒為熱水或電加熱。在外表式 換熱器內(nèi)通過低溫冷水或制冷劑的稱為水冷式外表冷卻器或直接蒸發(fā)式外表冷 卻器,也有采用噴淋冷水或熱水的噴水室,此外也有采用直接噴水蒸汽的處理方 法來實(shí)現(xiàn)空氣的熱,濕處理過程。 (4)空氣的輸送和

50、分配,控制局部 空調(diào)系統(tǒng)中的風(fēng)機(jī)和送, 回風(fēng)管道稱為空氣的輸送局部。 風(fēng)管中的調(diào)節(jié)風(fēng)閥, 蝶閥,防火閥,啟動(dòng)閥及風(fēng)口等稱為空氣的分,控制局部。根據(jù)空調(diào)系統(tǒng)中空氣 阻力的不同,設(shè)置風(fēng)機(jī)的數(shù)量也不同,如果空調(diào)系統(tǒng)中設(shè)置一臺(tái)風(fēng)機(jī),該風(fēng)機(jī)既 起送風(fēng)作用,又起回風(fēng)作用的稱為單風(fēng)機(jī)系統(tǒng);如果空調(diào)系統(tǒng)中設(shè)置兩臺(tái)風(fēng)機(jī), 一臺(tái)為送風(fēng)機(jī),另一臺(tái)為回風(fēng)機(jī),那么稱為雙風(fēng)機(jī)系統(tǒng)。 (5)空調(diào)系統(tǒng)的冷,熱源 空調(diào)系統(tǒng)中所使用的冷源一般分為天然冷源和人工冷源。 天然冷源一般指地 下深井水,人工冷源一般是指利用人工制冷方式來獲得的,它包括蒸汽壓縮式制 冷,吸收式制冷以及蒸汽噴射式制冷等多種形式?,F(xiàn)代化的大型建筑中通常都采 用

51、集中式空調(diào)系統(tǒng)。 其工作原理是當(dāng)環(huán)境溫度過高時(shí),空調(diào)系統(tǒng)通過循環(huán)方式把室內(nèi)的熱量帶 走,以使室內(nèi)溫度維持于一定值。當(dāng)循環(huán)空氣通過風(fēng)機(jī)盤管時(shí),高溫空氣經(jīng)過冷 卻盤管的鋁金屬先進(jìn)行熱交換,盤管的鋁片吸收了空氣中的熱量,使空氣溫度降 低,然后再將冷凍后的循環(huán)空氣送人室內(nèi)。冷卻盤管的冷凍水由冷卻機(jī)提供,冷 卻機(jī)由壓縮機(jī),冷凝器和蒸發(fā)器組成。壓縮機(jī)把制冷劑壓縮,經(jīng)壓縮的制冷劑進(jìn) 入冷凝器,被冷卻水冷卻后,變成液體,析 出的熱量 由冷卻水帶走,并在冷卻 塔里排人大氣。液體制冷劑由冷凝器進(jìn)入蒸發(fā)器進(jìn)行蒸發(fā)吸熱,使冷凍水降溫, 然后冷凍水進(jìn)入水冷風(fēng)機(jī)盤管吸收空氣 中的熱量,如此周而復(fù)始,循環(huán) 不斷, 把室內(nèi)熱

52、量帶走。當(dāng)環(huán)境溫度過低時(shí),需要以熱水進(jìn)入風(fēng)機(jī)盤管,和上述原理一 樣,空氣加熱后送人室內(nèi)??諝饨?jīng)過冷卻后,有水分析出,空氣相對(duì)濕度減少, 變的枯燥,所以需增加濕度,這就要加裝加濕器,進(jìn)行噴水或噴蒸汽,對(duì)空氣進(jìn) 行加濕處理,用這樣的濕空氣去補(bǔ)充室內(nèi)水汽量的缺乏。 3 中央空調(diào)系統(tǒng)控制中存在的問題 被控對(duì)象的特點(diǎn)空調(diào)系統(tǒng)中的控制對(duì)象多屬熱工對(duì)象,從控制角度分析,具有以下特點(diǎn):(1)多干擾性 例如,通過窗戶進(jìn)來的太陽輻射熱是時(shí)間的函數(shù),受氣象條件的影響;室外空氣溫度通過圍護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)對(duì)室溫產(chǎn)生影響;通過門,窗,建筑縫隙侵入的室外空氣對(duì)室溫產(chǎn)生影響;為了換氣(或保持室內(nèi)一定正壓)所采用的新風(fēng),其溫度變化對(duì) 室溫有直接影響。此外,電加熱器(空氣加熱器)電源電壓的波動(dòng)以及熱水加熱器 熱水壓力,溫度,蒸汽壓力的波動(dòng)等,都將影響室溫。 如此多的干擾,使空調(diào)負(fù)荷在較大范圍內(nèi)變化,而它們進(jìn)入系統(tǒng)的位置,形 式,幅值大小和頻繁程度等,均隨建筑的構(gòu)造( 建筑熱工性能) ,用途的不同而 異,更與空調(diào)技術(shù)本身有關(guān)。在設(shè)計(jì)空調(diào)系統(tǒng)時(shí)應(yīng)考慮到盡量減少干擾或采取抗 干擾措施。因此,可以說空調(diào)工程是建立

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