九年級英語總復習(十)非謂語動詞

1、(十)非謂語動詞近幾年對非謂語動詞的考查主要是動詞不定式作賓語、賓語補足語及目的狀語，動名詞作主語、賓語、賓語補足語，及個別分詞的用法。預計2016年中考對非謂語動詞的考查，不定式仍是考查的熱點。我們應該牢固掌握一些動詞的固定搭配的用法。非謂語動詞是一些特殊的動詞，它們在句中不能單獨作謂語，而有謂語以外的其他語法功能，在句子中不受主語的人稱和數(shù)的限制，但仍有時態(tài)和語態(tài)的變化，也可以帶賓語和狀語，構(gòu)成非謂語動詞短語。非謂語動詞分動詞不定式、動名詞和分詞三種。動詞不定式由“to動詞原形”構(gòu)成，有時在特殊情況下to可以省略。動詞不定式具有名詞、形容詞和副詞的特征，同時也具有動詞的部分特征，能充當主語

2、、賓語、賓語補足語、表語、定語、狀語等成分。動名詞由動詞加ing構(gòu)成，在句中作主語、賓語、表語和定語。分詞分為現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞兩種。它們在句中作定語、狀語、表語和補語。動詞不定式功能例句主語To speak English well isn't an easy job.賓語They decided to change their mind.賓語補足語He helps the little girl to finish her homework every day.定語He is always the first to come and the last to leave.表語Our

3、plan is to set up another middle school for the children.狀語目的Every morning he gets up very early to exercise.結(jié)果He returned home to learn his son had gone to the countryside.1不定式作賓語(1)一些謂語動詞后只能用不定式作賓語，常見的這類詞是表示命令、打算或希望的，如：would like，like，want，wish，hope，decide，plan，expect等。如：Would you like to see a fi

4、lm this evening？你今晚想去看一場電影嗎？(2)在find，think后面接不定式作賓語時，常用it代替，而將真正的賓語放在句末。如：I find it easy to read English every day.我發(fā)現(xiàn)每天讀英語很容易。(3)常見的一些不帶to的動詞不定式：why not do，had better(not) do，would rather do，could/would/will you please (not) do如：I would rather stay at home.我寧愿待在家里。2不定式作賓語補足語不定式作賓語補足語時與賓語有邏輯上的主謂關系。如

5、：Lucy asked him to turn down the radio. 露西讓他將收音機的音量調(diào)低。tell，ask，want，allow，get，would like，encourage后面常接動詞不定式作賓語補足語。如：My mother encourages me to learn Japanese.我母親鼓勵我學日語。注意：還有一些使役動詞和感官動詞也用不定式作賓補，這時不定式要省略to。這些動詞有：一感(feel)、一幫(help)、二聽(hear，listen to)、三讓(let，make，have)、四看(look at，see，watch，notice)。但變被動語態(tài)

6、時，必須加上to。如：The boss made them work the whole night.老板讓他們工作了一整夜。3不定式作定語(1)不定式作定語時，應放在名詞之后。它與名詞有邏輯上的動賓關系。(2)如果是不及物動詞，且與所修飾的詞之間有動賓關系，要在不定式后加上適當?shù)慕樵~。如：There is nothing to worry about.沒有什么可擔心的。()1.(2015·天津)My parents didn't allow me _ to the party.Ago Bto go Cgoes Dwent()2.(2015·南充)It's

7、necessary for us _ English well.Ato learn Blearning Clearn Dlearns()3.(2015·遂寧)They decided _ a bridge over the river.Abuild Bto buildCbuilding()4.(2015·泰安)When you leave，please turn off the lights _ energy.Asave Bto saveCsaving Dsaved()5.(2015·綿陽)The policeman told the children _ pla

8、y in the street.Acan't Bto notCdon't Dnot to特殊結(jié)構(gòu)的不定式結(jié)構(gòu)例句tooto結(jié)構(gòu)She was too surprised to see how angry her father was.not不定式The teacher told the students not to play soccer on the road.疑問詞不定式作主語How to solve the problem is very important.作賓語He didn't know what to say.作表語The question is whe

9、re to find the water.for名詞(代詞的賓格)不定式It is necessary for us to learn from each other.of名詞(代詞的賓格)不定式It is very kind of you to help me with my English.1動詞不定式作主語動詞不定式作主語時，常用it作形式主語，而將真正的主語放在句末，其結(jié)構(gòu)為：Itbeadj.(for/of sb.)動詞不定式。如：To learn English well is useful.It is useful to learn English well.It's im

10、portant for us to protect the environment.注意：在kind，good，nice，clever等表示人的品質(zhì)的形容詞后，不用for而用of。It's very kind of you to help me.你幫助我真是太好啦。It's very clever of you to do like that.你那樣做真是太聰明啦。2不定式常和疑問詞what，which，when，where，how連用，相當于一個賓語從句。如：The teacher is telling the students what to do.老師正告訴學生要做什么。

11、He didn't know where to go.他不知道去哪里。(where to gowhere he should go)()6.(2015·十堰)His mother often tells him _ too much time playing games.Anot to spend Bdon't spendCspends Dspending()7.(2015·雅安)It is important _ people _ good manners.Afor；to learn Bof；to learnCfor；learn Dof；learn()8.

12、(2015·內(nèi)江)In this school，the students are asked _ mobile phone.Anot to use Bnot usingCnot use Dto not use()9.(2015·青島)The traffic signs warn people _ after drinking.Ato drive Bnot to driveCdriving Ddon't drive()10.(2015·自貢)I really don't know _ this question.It is too hard.Awhi

13、ch to answerBhow to answerCwhat to answer動詞ing形式功能例句主語Skating on the thin ice is dangerous.賓語I finished doing my homework.表語The nurse's job is looking after the patients.定語She is reading in the reading room.賓語補足語He kept the machine running for ten hours.狀語They went out of the classroom，talking a

14、nd laughing.1英語中一些詞后常跟動名詞作賓語，初中階段這類詞有：finish(完成)，mind(介意)，be worth(值得)，be busy(忙于)，practice(練習)，have fun(玩得高興)，feel like(想要)，be used to(習慣于)，consider(考慮)，enjoy(喜歡)。2主語behappy(glad，pleased，angry，sorry，careful，ready等)to do sth.如：I'm glad to see you again.我很高興再次見到你。I'm sorry to hear that.聽到那個消息

15、我感到遺憾。3幾組動詞接不定式及動名詞辨析：(1)stop doing/stop to dostop doing sth.停止做某事stop to do sth.停止、中斷做某事后去做另一件事(2)forget doing/forget to doforget doing sth.忘記做過某事(事情已做)forget to do sth.忘記要去做某事(事情沒做)(3)remember doing/remember to doremember doing sth.記得做過某事(事情已做)remember to do sth.記著去做某事(事情沒做)(4)try doing/try to dot

16、ry doing sth.嘗試著去做某事try to do sth.設法或努力去做某事(5)go on doing/go on to dogo on doing sth.繼續(xù)不停地做同一件事情go on to do sth.做完一件事，接著去做另外一件事(6)allow doing sth./allow sb.to do sth.allow doing sth.允許做某事allow sb.to do sth.允許某人做某事(7)regret doing/regret to doregret doing sth.對做過的事情感到遺憾、后悔(已做)regret to do sth.對要做的事感到遺

17、憾(未做)(8)mean doing/mean to domean doing sth.意味著做某事mean to do sth.打算、想做某事()11.(2015·安順)It's too cold today. Would you mind _ the window?Certainly not. Go ahead.Ato close BclosingCclose Dclosed()12.(2015·宜賓)Look！There are some birds _ in the sky. They are very beautiful.Ato fly BflyCflyi

18、ng Dflown()13.(2015·廣州)Sarah，you'd better drink more water after _ for such a long time.Arun BrunsCto run Drunning()14.(2015·重慶A卷)I will try my best to stop my son from _ the same mistake.Amake BmadeCmakes Dmaking()15.(2015·臨沂)Thanks to the robots，the human reporters do not have t

19、o spend a lot of time _ numbers and information.Aprocessing Bto processCprocessed Dprocess動詞的過去分詞功能例句表語The door remained locked.定語The building built last year is now a department store.賓語補足語I heard my name called.狀語Heated water changes into steam.英語中過去分詞可作賓補(此時的過去分詞一般是及物動詞)表被動意義或完成意義，有時兩者兼而有之。作賓補的過去

20、分詞與賓語有邏輯上的動賓關系，即賓語是過去分詞動作的對象。如：She found the door broken in when she came back.(賓補與賓語有被動的關系，表一種狀態(tài))1過去分詞用在get，have，make 的后面。注意“have 賓語過去分詞”的兩種情況：(1)表示“讓某人做某事/讓某事(被人)做”。如：I have had my bike repaired.我已經(jīng)請人把我的自行車修好了。(2)表示“遭遇到某種不幸，受到打擊/受影響，蒙受損失”。如： I had my wallet stolen on a bus last month.上個月在公汽上我的錢包被偷

21、了。2“make賓語過去分詞”，在這種結(jié)構(gòu)中，過去分詞的動詞必須是表示結(jié)果含義的。如：I raised my voice to make myself heard.我提高聲音目的是讓我自己被聽見。3過去分詞用在感官動詞watch，notice，see，hear，listen to，feel，find等后面。如：When we got to school，we saw the door locked.到學校時，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)門被鎖了。4過去分詞用在“with 賓語賓補”這一結(jié)構(gòu)中，過去分詞與賓語之間是動賓關系。如：The thief was brought in with his hands tied

22、 behind his back.那個小偷被帶了進來，他的手被綁在背后。5過去分詞、現(xiàn)在分詞和不定式作賓補的區(qū)別：現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補：賓語和補語之間是主謂關系，其動作與謂語動作同時進行。過去分詞作賓補：賓語和補語之間是動賓關系，其動作先于謂語動作。不定式作賓補：表一個完成的動作、或表一個很短時間內(nèi)看到、聽到或感覺到的具體動作。如：He didn't notice me waiting.他沒有注意到我正在等。I heard the song sung in English.我聽見這首歌用英語來唱了。I saw him opening the window.我看見他正在開窗戶。I saw th

23、e window opened.我看見窗戶被開了。I saw him open the window.我看見他開了窗戶。I heard her sing the song in English.我聽見她用英語唱了這首歌。()16.(2015·汕尾)At least 300 million people are using QQ _ by Ma Huateng to chat online.Acreate Bcreate Ccreated Dcreating()17.(2014·咸寧)Do you have any difficulty in _ English?Yes，bu

24、t I try to make myself_.Ato speak；understoodBspeaking；understandCto speak；to understandDspeaking；understood()18.(2013·綏化)He wants to have his TV _.Arepairing BrepairedCto repair()19.(2013·安順)He often drinks two cups of _ water when he comes back.Aboiling BboilCboiled Dboils()20.(2013·

25、自貢)When are you going to have your hair _？This afternoon.AcutBto cut Ccutting()1.David enjoys _ music at weekends，but I prefer _ for a picnic.Ato listen；to go out Blisten to；going toClistening to；go out Dlistening to；to go out()2.It's difficult for me _ the homework in such a short time.Come on！

26、I'm sure you can.Afinished Bto finishCwill finish Dfinishes()3.I was tired，so I stopped the car _ a short rest.Ahave BhavingCto have Dhad()4.We don't have much homework this weekend. Shall we go out together?OK. What about _ a movie?Ato see BseeingCto seeing Dsees()5.The boy is looking forwa

27、rd to _ a good time after the exam.Ato have Bhas Chaving Dhave()6.Mary dances best in our school.I agree. I'll never forget _ her dance for the first time.Aseeing Bto see Csee Dseen()7.It took my daughter two weeks to read the novels _ by Yang Hongying.Awrite Bwrites Cwrote Dwritten()8.Your spok

28、en English is much better than before.Thank you. Our teacher often asks us _ English as much as possible.Ato speak Bnot to speakCspeak Dnot speak()9.Tom often makes his brother _，but yesterday he was made _ by his brother.Acry；to cry Bto cry；cryCcry；cry Dto cry；to cry()10.We can use QQ to chat with

29、each other online.Really？Could you please show me _ it?Awhen to do Bwhy to doChow to do Dwhat to do()11.Need I wash your car after _ it?Yes，that would be much better.Arepair BrepairedCrepairing Dto repair()12.When he saw a ticket on the ground，he stopped _.Ato pick it up Bpicking it upCto pick up it

30、 Dpick up it()13.We have two rooms _，but I can't decided _.Ato live；to choose which oneBlived；choose which oneCto live in；which one to chooseDlive in；which one()14.What should I do，doctor?_ healthy，you should take more exercise and eat less meat.AKeep BKeepingCTo keep DKept()15.Don't forget _ the door of the meeting room when you leave.Sure.Ato lock BlockingClock Dlocks()16.Would you mind not _ here？I'm doing my homework.Asing Bsinging Csings Dto sing()17.No matter how hard it is，we'll keep _ un