初中英語語法梳理和提高——代詞講解試題

1、初中英語語法梳理和提高代詞講解試題（一）指示代詞：this , that , these , those. this , that(1) this ,these一般指時(shí)間或空間上較近的人或物，而that ,those 指較遠(yuǎn)（2）前面剛剛提到過的東西，為避免重復(fù)，常用that, those 表示。 I'm sorry to hear that.The weather in summer is much hotter than that in winter in Beijing.( 3)下文將要提到的事情， 可用these, this  表示， 起啟下的作用。Tell the

2、children to do like this: knock the stick into the earth first, then tie the tree to it.而that 表示前面所說的事物，有承接上文的作用。He was ill, That is why he didnt come to school that day.(4) this , that 用作電話用語。-Hello, is that Mary speaking?Yes, this is Mary speaking.(二)人稱代詞、物主代詞和反身代詞 1）人稱代詞：主格、賓格（作主語為主格， 作賓語為賓格; 介+賓

3、格,動(dòng)詞+賓格。）eg. 1)I thank you )You thank me. 賓格可以作表語。特別是在口語中。-Who's that? - It's me. 注意：人稱代詞we, you, they 可以用來表示一般人。例如：You cannot go into the hall with slippers. 不準(zhǔn)穿拖鞋進(jìn)入大廳。人稱代的主格作表語，一般都在正中的談話中， 表示強(qiáng)調(diào)。 It was he who took away the necklace. 是他拿走了那條項(xiàng)鏈。用she /he 可指代動(dòng)物或使事物擬人化（人稱代詞she可以用指代祖國、

4、大地、月亮、輪船等）。 例如：Its a very good cow, and she gives lots of milk. The ship is leaving. She's on her first trip to Boston.      We love our country, we hope she'll be stronger and stronger.英語里當(dāng)主語是并列的幾個(gè)人時(shí)，人稱代詞的排列順序是：you and I; you and he/she; you, he/she and I; we a

5、nd you; we and they; you and they; we, you and they; he and she 通常I在最后， you 在最前；但是， 當(dāng)受到批評(píng)或時(shí)承認(rèn)錯(cuò)誤時(shí)正好相反，I 在最前， you在最后。 You, he and I are all the winners.I, Li lei and you are wrong. We should do more for the project.It 的用法：it 通常用來代替事物或不知道性別的動(dòng)物，有時(shí)也代替嬰兒或年幼的孩子。Look at that child. It is very lovely. Who is

6、 it ?用在強(qiáng)調(diào)句中，沒有實(shí)在意義。It is he that often helps me do my homework.It作為人稱代詞時(shí)，可以表示天氣、距離、時(shí)間、季節(jié)、日期、溫度等。 It is about 10 kilometres from here.It 還可用作形式主語或形式賓語，來代替由不定式，動(dòng)詞的-ing,形式或主語從句構(gòu)成的真正的主語或賓語， 以避免句子頭重腳輕。It is not easy to learn English well.It is good for you taking a walk after supper.I found it difficult

7、to sleep.2）物主代詞：形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞。一變(mymine); 二留(hishis itsits)三加s(youryours ; ourours ; herhers ; theirtheirs)用法：有名不名，無名是名eg. This is _（我的）book. This book is _（我的）. my ; mine3）反身代詞：某某自己；親自單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)yourselfyourselvesmyselfourselveshimselfthemselvesherselfitself反身代詞的常見搭配：1.enjoy oneself 玩得高興；過得愉快 2.hurt on

8、eself 傷著自己3.teach oneself = learn by oneself 自學(xué)4.(all) by oneself （完全）獨(dú)立地5.help oneself to 請(qǐng)自便；隨便吃6.look after oneself 自理；照顧自己7.leave one by oneself 把單獨(dú)留下8.lose oneself in 陶醉于；沉浸于9. introduce oneself 自我介紹10. dress oneself e to oneself（三）不定代詞 1)some與any一般情況下，some用于肯定句，any用于否定句、疑問句（但表邀請(qǐng)、建議的問句中可用some此類

9、句型常以could , would開頭）條件狀語從句中常用any. Eg: If you have any questions to ask, please put up your hands.any 用于肯定句中，表示任何。Any boy can do it.no = not any eg: I have no money.= I have not any money. 2) many + 可數(shù) = a lot of : 許多much + 不可數(shù) （但a lot of不能用于否定句） 3) few , a few ; little , a little表否定表肯定可數(shù)few(幾乎沒有)a f

10、ew(幾個(gè)；一些)不可數(shù)little(幾乎沒有)a little(一點(diǎn)兒少許).The story is easy to read. There are _ few _new words in it. .Hurry up! There is_ time left. little4)some , any, every, no, 與one, body, thing 等構(gòu)成不定代詞的用法：作主語時(shí)，謂語用單數(shù)合成不定代詞的定語后置something important everyone / anyone 不加of every one 指人和物，可加ofEvery one of us wants to

11、 read the book. no one 不加 of 用單數(shù)none of 人，物No one knows him except me. None of them know(s) English. 5）other ,another , others單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)泛指another三者以上的一個(gè)+單數(shù)定語主語、賓語othersomeothers特指onethe other一個(gè)另一個(gè)the others =the other+復(fù)名(另外的人或物) other，others，theother，theothers，another，any other，any others(1)other作形容詞，通常用在

12、單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)名詞的前面，意為“別的；其他的；另外的”。 I'll come again some other day.我改日再來。 (2)others(=other+復(fù)數(shù)名詞)泛指“部分”含義，用于已知的一些人或物中，除去某些后余下的人或物中的一部分。The students of Class Four are cleaning the classroom. Some are carrying water，others are sweeping the floor.四班的學(xué)生們?cè)诖驋呓淌?。一些人在打水，另一些人在掃地?(3)the other 表示已知的兩個(gè)（或兩部分）人或事物中，特指

13、的“另一個(gè)”或“另一些”，其后可跟單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)名詞。 I have two brothers. One is a doctor，and the other is a teacher. 我有兩個(gè)兄弟。一位是醫(yī)生，另一位是教師。 (4)the others(=theother+復(fù)數(shù)名詞)指一定范圍內(nèi)除去一個(gè)或一部分后，“余下的人或物的全部”。This composition is better than the others.這篇作文比其他那些都好。 (5)another泛指不定數(shù)中（三者或三者以上）的“另一個(gè)”。another前面不能用定冠詞the，它作為限定詞（定語）通常與單數(shù)名詞連用，但是它后

14、面可以跟few或基數(shù)詞的復(fù)數(shù)名詞。This glass is broken，get me another please. 這只玻璃杯壞了，請(qǐng)給我再拿一個(gè)。 I'll stay here in another few days. 我要在這兒再呆幾天。 注意：other和another都可以用來修飾數(shù)詞，表示“另外的；附加的”，但是結(jié)構(gòu)不同。other的位置是“數(shù)詞+other+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”，相當(dāng)于more的用法；而another則是“another+數(shù)詞+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”。 今天下午我又寫了兩封信。 I wrote another two letters this afternoon. =I w

15、rote two other letters this afternoon. =I wrote two more letters this afternoon. (6)any other表示一個(gè)之外的其它任何一個(gè)，而不是兩個(gè)之中的另一個(gè)。 (7)any others 表示一些之外的其他一些。.We study _ subjects besides Chinese. .May I have _ apple ?.These cups are clean. _ are dirty. .I have two pens. One is red , _ is blue. other ; another ;

16、 others ; the others There are many people in the park now. Some are boating,_are walking along the lake. others There are forty-four students in ClassOne. Nineteen of them are boys, _are girls.the others另外注意：one another (三者以上的)相互 each other (兩者的)相互We should learn from each other(說明we指兩個(gè)人)They help

17、one another (說明they指三個(gè)人以上) 相互代詞后可以加's,表示所有關(guān)系。We put the presents in each other's stocking. 6) 二者與三者復(fù)數(shù)單數(shù)單數(shù)二者both(都)neither(都不)either(任何一個(gè))三者all(都)none(都不)any(任何一個(gè))注意：.both 否定 neither all 否定 none.both , all 不但作主語為復(fù)數(shù)，且被修飾的詞也為復(fù)數(shù)；neither , none作主語為單數(shù)，但none of + 復(fù)名，neither of + 復(fù)名both坐同位語位置放在“系后動(dòng)前

18、”Her father and mother are both teachers in a middle school.They both teach English.( )1._ of my parents is a teacher. BA. None B. Neither C. Both D. All( )2.There are many trees on _ side of the river. C A. both B. any C. either D. all當(dāng)all 作主語時(shí)，如果后有人稱代詞，必須在all 和人稱代詞之間加of, 如果后面是名詞，那么可加可不加。All of the

19、m had a good time at Sues birthday party.All the rooms/ All of the rooms have been cleaned. A) both and 連接兩個(gè)主語時(shí), 謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù). 同義詞組:not only but also 反義詞組: neither nor Not only you but also she likes watching TV. = _ you _ she like watching TVB) either or 或者或者, neithernor 既不也不 連接兩個(gè)主語時(shí), 謂語動(dòng)詞實(shí)行就近原則.Neither

20、 you nor he _ (be) right.One of Lily and Lucy is going to the park. = _ Lily _Lucy _ going to the park.C) either 也可用于否定句中的 “也”D) neither 也可表示 “ 也不” 句型: neither sb。 某人也不怎么樣.If you dont go there, _ _ I. how many /how much 的回答:用none回答. Who 的回答:用no one 回答. What 的回答:用nothing 回答.How many students are ther

21、e in the classroom? _. Who can answer the question? _. A. None B. No one C. Nothing every one / any one of7) each: (二者以上的)每個(gè)作主、賓、定,強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)體）every: (三者以上的)每個(gè)只作定語，強(qiáng)調(diào)主體）.Every /Each student in the class likes English.They each have a computer=Each of them has a computer.every + 序數(shù)詞+ 單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞every five days,

22、every other dayevery + 基數(shù)詞+復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞 every fifth day8) one 與it One 與it 均可指代上文提到過的名詞，以避免重復(fù)， ones代替前面提到的名詞復(fù)數(shù)；it 指同類同物，one 指同類異物。 I lost my pen yesterday.I have to buy one today. Your photo is very beautiful.Would you show it to me?(四)疑問代詞：用來構(gòu)成特殊疑問句的代詞叫疑問代詞。常用的有：who, what, which, whose, whom， 作賓語： Who / W

23、hom is your manager talking with?在口語中， 作賓語時(shí) who和whom可以通用，但在介詞后面只能用whom.例如：About whom they are talking just now?作定語： Which subject do you like best?作表語： What's your mother.（ 五）關(guān)系代詞（略）練習(xí)與鞏固：熟能生巧，取得好成績(jī)！一、用適當(dāng)?shù)拇~填空1. Help _ to some ice cream, girls.2.He came up with an idea at last, the idea of _ was

24、 very good.3.Hurry, up, there's _ time left.4.There is hardly _ in the basket, it's empty.5.Lili and Coco don't know _ address. Lili has never been to Coco's home and Coco has never been to Lily's home, either.6.He is _ a kind friend that _of us like him.7.He have two English nov

25、els, but he has read _ of them.9.You may take _ of them, they're both good.10.Don't worry. _ goes well here.二、完成句子1. There's two apples here, you can take _（任意一個(gè)）.2. Lisa has two daughters. _(沒有一個(gè)喜歡)traveling.4. To say is _ (一回事), to do is _ (另一回事).5. They keep one bl

26、ack cat and _ (兩只黑的).8. _ (他們中很少有人) can talk in Chinese.9. _ (沒人) has been reached farther than the moon.10. We looked at _ (相互) in great surprise.Key: 一、1.yourselves 2.his 3.no 4.anything 5.each other's 6.such,all 7.neither 8.another 9.either 10.everything    

27、 二、1.either 2.neither 4.one thing, another thing 5.two black ones 8.Few of them 9. No one /Nobody 10.each other代詞練習(xí)( )1. _is she waiting for ? A. Why B. Whose C. Whom D. Which( ) 2. The boy has eaten two bananas already., but he wanted_. A. a few more B. few more C. a little more D. little more( ) 3

28、. -I made the cake by_. Help_, Tom. -Thanks, Jane. A. ourselves, yourself B. myself, yourself C. myself, yourselves D. ourselves, yourselves( ) 4._a heavy rain last night. A. There had B. We had C. It was D. There is( ) 5.She can speak _English now. A. a little B. a few C. little D. few( ) 6. Would

29、you like _to drink? A. anything B. everything C. nothing D. something( ) 7. On_sides of the street are a lot of colourful flowers. A. each B. both C. either D. all( ) 8. Is there_in todays newspaper? A. something interesting B. interesting something C. anything interesting D. interesting anything( )

30、 9. -Is David _classmate or_? -He is my classmate. A. our, their B. your, theirs C. her, they D. his, them( ) 10. There is _water in my glass. Will you please give me_?A.little, some B. few, any C. few, some D. little, a few( ) 11. -Can I get you a drink? - -Thats very nice of you. Ive already got _

31、. A. it B. one C. that D. this( ) 12. -This skirt is much too large for me. Could you show me_one? -Certainly. Just a moment, please. A. other B. another C. others D. the other( ) 13. We went to travel with some friends of_. A. us B. ours C. our D. ourselves( ) 14. -_came to see you yesterday aftern

32、oon.-Who was_? A. Somebody, he B. Somebody , she C. Somebody, it D. Anybody, the one( ) 15. Is there any difference between your idea and_? A. he B. his C. she D. her( ) 16. The schools in Shanghai are different from_. A. those in Bejing B. that of Beijing C. Beijing D.Beijings students( ) 17. They

33、found_interesting to climb hills. A. it B. those C. that D. this( ) 18. Is there anything_I can do for you in town? A. who B. that C. which D. whose( ) 19. _of you would like to go with us? A. Who B. Which C. All D. Both( ) 20. People usually put small presents in _stocking on Christmas Eve. A. each

34、 other B. each others C. each others D. each others( ) 21. Two foreigners are in the sitting room. One is Jack and_is Peter. A. other B. anothr C. one D. the other( ) 22. _have been to Paris. A. I, you and he B. He, you and I C. You, he and I D. You, he and me( ) 23. -When shall we meet again? -Well

35、 meet _day you like; its all the same to me. A. another B. one C. some D. any( ) 24. -Has Jack got the money? -Yes, I gave _yesterday. A. to him them B. to him it C. him them D. it to him( ) 25. All my calssmates are going to the Summer Palace except_. A. he and I B. he and me C. him and I D. him an

36、d me( ) 26. There are twenty teachers in our school. Eight of them are men teachers and_are women teachers. A. others B. the others C. another D. other( ) 27. You cant leave your baby by _at home . A. herself B. himself C. itself D. yourself( ) 28. I dont know _English book it is.A. whose B. what C.

37、 where D. who( ) 29.- Turn off the TV,Betty,_is watching it. -oh,no. Mum. Im watching it now. A. somebody B. Nobody C. Everybody D. Anybody.( ) 30.There is a pen on the table.Pass_to me, please. A. this B. that C. it D. which( ) 31. He has one blue pen and two red_. A. ones B. those C. one D. ones(

38、) 32. The two of the students often help_.A. each other B. one another C. to each other D. for one another( ) 33. _of us has a new bag.A. Both B. Each C. Everyone D. All( ) 34. The population of China is much larger than _of England A. it B. this C. / D. that( ) 35. -Ive forgotten my bread.-Never mi

39、nd, you can have_. A. some of us B. us some C. some of ours D. some of our( ) 36. There is something on the floor. Please_. A. pick up it B. pick it upC. pick up them D. pick them up( )37. I asked her for_ink, but she didnt have_. A. any, some B. any, any C. some, any D. some, some( ) 38. There is _in the bag. Its empty. A. nothing B. something C. anything D. somebody( ) 39. One should try_best to do things well if_wants to be successful. A. his