大學(xué)英語unit one 講義

1、Unit One Vacations That Nurture a Sense of PlaceWarm-up Activities1. Lead-in questions1) Do you miss your hometown if you are not a local resident in Shijiazhuang? Apart from your parents or other people you know, is there anything of your hometown that you miss a lot? Which is the place that you wa

2、nt to visit the most besides your own home? 2) Have you ever been back to your senior middle school? How do you feel when you saw your old campus again? If not, what is the first thing that pops up in your mind when you think of your middle school?2. Make up a conversationDirections: Imagine you are

3、 back to your middle school campus with one of your classmates. Make up a conversation with your partner and try to involve the following information. A: how much do you remember of your campus and its school buildings.B: try to recall your interesting, delighting, depressing, embarrassing experienc

4、es on the campusC: would you come back again and explain whyBackground Knowledge1. Sense of PlaceIt is a combination of characteristics that makes a place special and unique. Due to those characteristics, you may hold some very special feelings or perceptions towards this place while others do not.

5、Sense of place may involve your personal experience in a place, such as working in it in all weathers; make a living from it, suffering from its catastrophes, loving its beautiful mornings and evenings, investment of labor and feeling into it made by you, your parents, your grandparents or even your

6、 all-but unknown ancestors. The sense of place may also grow from your knowledge of this place and its folklore. For example, the relatives of the passengers aboard MH370 flight may have developed a sense pf place towards Malaysia. 2. Sentimental Journey A sentimental journey is a visit to a place t

7、hat was once very familiar and that brings back memories of the past. For example, they have taken a sentimental journey to Britain where they had met and fell in love. 3. Congregationalism and Congregational ChurchCongregationalism speaks of a form of church government. A congregational church is r

8、uled by the congregation of its members, instead of by bishops or a group of elders. Congregational churches nearly always avoid hierarchy in churches, maintaining that the local church is answerable directly to God, not some man or organization.4. American Colonial Architecture American colonial ar

9、chitecture includes several building design styles associated with the colonial period of the United States, including First Period English, French Colonial, Spanish Colonial, Dutch Colonial, etc. These styles are associated with the houses, churches and government buildings of the period from about

10、 1600 through the 19th century. For example, In New England, 17th-century colonial houses were built primarily from wood, following styles found in the southeastern counties of England. Dutch Colonial structures, built primarily in the Hudson River Valley, Long Island, and northern New Jersey, refle

11、cted construction styles from Holland and Flanders and used stone and brick more extensively than buildings in New England.Words for Pleasure1. Nurture1) to care for and protect sb/sth while they are growing and developing 養(yǎng)育，養(yǎng)護(hù)Parents want to know the best way to nurture and raise their child to ad

12、ulthood.父母們想了解把他們的孩子養(yǎng)育成人的最好方法。These delicate plants need careful nurturing in the greenhouse.這些幼嫩的植物需要在溫室里精心培育。The study looks at ways parents nurture their children. 這項(xiàng)研究著眼于父母養(yǎng)育孩子的方法。2) to encourage a feeling, an idea, a plan or a connection to develop, to encourage sb and help them to succeed 培養(yǎng)，促

13、進(jìn)，助長To nurture a hope 滋生出愿望To nurture young writers 培養(yǎng)青年作家To nurture the childrens curiosity and creativity 培養(yǎng)孩子的好奇心和創(chuàng)造力To nurture a good relationship with one colleagues 和同事建立良好的關(guān)系She had always nurtured great ambitions for her son.她一直在培養(yǎng)她兒子的雄心大志。She secretly nurtured a hope of becoming famous. 她暗暗

14、滋生出成名的愿望。Their political views are nurtures in the sixties. 他們的政治觀點(diǎn)形成于60年代。2. Sentimental 1) connected with your emotions 情感上的She kept the letters purely for sentimental reasons. 她純粹是處于情感原因保存這些信件。The stolen items were of great sentimental value to the family. 被偷的物品對這個家庭有極大的情感價值。2）producing emotions

15、such as pity, romantic love or sadness, which may be too strong or not appropriate; feeling these emotions too much傷感的，煽情的，多愁善感的A sentimental songA sentimental book A sentimental filmA sentimental love story A sentimental girl I tend to get very sentimental when I think of my childhood. 我總是一想到我的童年就感

16、傷不已。He usually gets sentimental about old friendships. 他經(jīng)常為了之前的友情唏噓感傷。Sentiment1) a feeling or a opinion, esp one based on emotions (C/U) 感情，情緒，觀點(diǎn)His party encourages nationalist sentiment. 他所屬的政黨煽動民族主義的情緒。I had considerable sympathy with the sentiments expressed in his letters. 他在信中提到的很多觀點(diǎn)我都贊同。2）fe

17、elings of sympathy, sadness, or love that may seem inappropriate. (U) 傷感，柔情，多愁善感There is no room for sentiment in business. 商場容不下多愁善感。I never throw anything away, partly out of sentiment.我從不丟棄任何東西，部分原因是我有些多愁善感。Sentimental/ sensitive/sensible/ sensational Sentimental: 情感的，多愁善感的，傷感的Sensitive：敏感的，易受傷害的

18、，體貼的Sensible：理智的，合理的，明智的Sensational：轟動的，引起嘩然的He acts like a tough guy, but is really very _to criticism. I kept this picture because it has _value for me. Have you read the _ news about the missing flight?She was _enough to stop driving when she was too tired. 3. issue1) to give (something) to someo

19、ne in an official way （正式）頒發(fā)，發(fā)放To issue sth to sb/ issue sb with sthTo issue passports 發(fā)放護(hù)照To issue visas發(fā)放簽證To issue tickets發(fā)放車票To issue a summons 發(fā)放傳票New members will be issued with a temporary identity card.新成員將配發(fā)臨時身份卡。Work permits were issued to only 5% of those who applied for them. 工作許可證只發(fā)給了 5

20、% 的申請人。2) to announce (something) in a public and official way 發(fā)布，發(fā)表To issue a statement發(fā)出聲明To issue a warning發(fā)出警告To issue a decree發(fā)布判決To issue a warrant for arrest發(fā)出逮捕令The banks have issued warnings that charges are likely to rise sharply. 各銀行已經(jīng)發(fā)布通知說收費(fèi)可能大幅度增長。Yesterday his kidnappers issued a secon

21、d threat to kill him.昨天綁匪再次威脅要將他撕票。1) 重要議題，爭論的問題，議題 an important subject or topic under discussion or argument. 2）首要問題，問題的要害，關(guān)鍵問題The most important part of a situation or discussion1)（正式）頒發(fā)，發(fā)放to give (something) to someone in an official way2)發(fā)布，發(fā)表to announce (something) in a public and official way

22、Issue （v）Issue （n）4. convey 1) to make ideas, feelings, etc. known to sb 表達(dá)，傳遞（思想、感情等）Words convey meaning.文字表達(dá)意義。Colors like red convey a sense of energy and strength. 紅色之類的顏色可給人以充滿活力與力量的感覺。Her slow smile conveyed disbelief. 她遲疑地一笑，表示不信。2) to take, carry or transport sb/sth from one place to anothe

23、r 傳送；運(yùn)送；輸送A taxi conveyed us to the train station.一輛出租車將我們載至火車站。A chimney conveys smoke to the outside. 煙囪將煙排送至室外。5. fulfill1) to do or achieve what was hoped for or expected 實(shí)現(xiàn),達(dá)到to fulfill your dream/ambition/potentialThe journey fulfilled a long cherished dream. 這次旅行實(shí)現(xiàn)了長期的夢想。Supporters feel that

24、the team has not fulfilled their expectations. 支持者們認(rèn)為球隊(duì)沒有達(dá)到他們的期望值。He never fulfilled his potential as a player. 他從未真正發(fā)揮出他作為運(yùn)動員的潛力。2) to do or have what is required or necessary 達(dá)到（要求），履行，完成（任務(wù)）to fulfill a duty/an obligation/a promise The government failed to fulfill its election promises. 政府沒有實(shí)現(xiàn)兌現(xiàn)在

25、選舉時所做的承諾。A nurse has to fulfill many duties in caring for the sick. 護(hù)士在照顧病人時要盡很多責(zé)任。All the workers in the factory promised to fulfill the task ahead of time. 全廠工人保證提前完成任務(wù).3) to make sb feel happy and satisfied with what they are doing or have done 使高興；使?jié)M意 To fulfill sb/oneselfThe war was the biggest

26、 thing in her life and nothing after that quite fulfilled her.那場戰(zhàn)爭是她一生中最重大的事，在那之后沒有什么頗使她感到滿足過。Being a wife and mother does not really fulfill me.做賢妻良母并不能使我滿足。I need a job that really fulfills me. 我需要一份真正能使我滿足的工作。Fulfillment (un.)1) 滿足感，成就感Being a doctor really gives me a sense of fulfillment.2) 完成，達(dá)

27、到，實(shí)現(xiàn) （of）The fulfillment of your dream/ of your dutiesFulfilled: 滿足的，感到滿足的，感到滿意的He does not feel fulfilled in his present job.Fulfilling: 讓人感覺有意義的，讓人感到滿足的He found this journey a very fulfilling experience. Fulfill (v.)6. vow1) N. a formal and serious promise, especially a religious one, to do sth （尤

28、指宗教），誓言，誓約：To make/take a vow立誓，發(fā)誓To keep a vow 履行誓言To break a vow 違反誓言To exchange marriage vows 交換結(jié)婚誓言2)V. to make a formal and serious promise to do sth or a formal statement that is true 起誓；立誓；發(fā)誓：To vow to do sth/ to vow that The president has vowed to help the earthquake victims. 總統(tǒng)已經(jīng)立誓要幫助地震災(zāi)民。I

29、 vowed that I would never gamble again.我發(fā)誓不再賭博。7. trace【釋義】verb VN 1)to find or discover sb/sth by looking carefully for them/it 查出；找到；發(fā)現(xiàn); 追蹤2)to find the origin or cause of sth 追溯；追究 NounC, U a mark, an object or a sign that shows that sb/sth existed or was present 痕跡；遺跡；蹤跡【例句】1) We finally traced

30、him to an address in Chicago. 2)The family are trying to trace the missing dog. 3)The murderer was traced to Paris. 4)She could trace her family tree back to the 16th century. 5)The leak was eventually traced to a broken seal. 6) Bronx residents trace their families back to Dutch settlers. 7)It'

31、s exciting to discover traces of earlier civilizations. 8)Police searched the area but found no trace of the escaped prisoners.【翻譯】1)我們終于追查到他在芝加哥的一個地址。2) 全家人正在設(shè)法找尋失蹤的狗。3) 那個兇手被追蹤到巴黎。4) 她能把本族家譜追溯到 16 世紀(jì)。5) 最后查出泄漏是由于密封處破裂所致。 6) 布朗克斯居民將自己的家族追溯到荷蘭移民者們。 7) 發(fā)現(xiàn)以前文明的遺跡，真令人興奮。8) 警方搜索了那一地區(qū)，但未發(fā)現(xiàn)越獄逃犯的任何蹤跡?！敬钆洹縱

32、erb VNØ trace sb/sth (to sth) 查出；找到；發(fā)現(xiàn); 追蹤Ø trace sth (back) (to sth) 追溯；追究【辨析】pursue, follow, chase, hunt, trace, track, trail這些動詞均含“跟隨，追蹤”之意。pursue： 指堅(jiān)持不懈、毫不動搖地緊跟、追趕某人、某物或某個事業(yè)。follow： 普遍用詞，含義最廣，多指跟隨起引導(dǎo)作用的人或物，跟隨的動機(jī)可以是善意的，也可能是惡意的。chase： 指快速追趕或決心追蹤，褒義貶義均可用。hunt： 原義為"追獵、獵取"，現(xiàn)用于指追捕或

33、搜尋逃犯等。trace： 指根據(jù)線索或足跡進(jìn)行跟蹤。用于抽象意義時指找到某事物的根源。track： 指沿著人或動物留下的印跡或行跡追蹤。trail： 一般指跟蹤追擊。8. reward【釋義】verb VN often passive to give sth to sb because they have done sth good, worked hard, etc. 獎勵，獎賞；酬謝，報(bào)答 noun C, U a thing that you are given because you have done sth good, worked hard, etc. 獎勵；回報(bào)；報(bào)酬：【例句】

34、1)He rewarded us handsomely (=with a lot of money) for helping him. 2)She was rewarded for her efforts with a cash bonus. 她因自己所作的努力而得到一筆獎金。 3)She started singing to the baby and was rewarded with a smile. 4)You deserve a reward for being so helpful. 5)Winning the match was just reward for the effort

35、 the team had made. 【翻譯】 1) 對于我們的幫助，他大加酬謝。 2) 她因自己所作的努力而得到一筆獎金。 3)她開始給孩子唱歌，孩子則報(bào)以微笑。4)你幫了這么大的忙，理應(yīng)受到獎勵。5)贏得比賽的勝利是全隊(duì)付出努力應(yīng)得的回報(bào)?！敬钆洹?#216; verb VN: reward sb (for sth/for doing sth) 獎勵；獎賞；酬謝，報(bào)答Ø noun: reward (for sth/for doing sth) 獎勵；回報(bào)；報(bào)酬 【辨析】 award, reward這兩個動詞均有“給予獎勵”之意。award：側(cè)重指官方或經(jīng)正式研究裁決后對有功者或

36、競賽優(yōu)勝者所給予的獎勵。reward：指對品德高尚和勤勞的人所給予的獎勵。也可指為某事付酬金?！九缮縭ewardingadj. (of an activity, etc. 活動等) worth doing; that makes you happy because you think it is useful or important 值得做的；有益的： Ø a rewarding experience/job 有益的經(jīng)歷工作9. dimension【釋義】n.1) a measurement in space, for example the height, width or l

37、ength of sth 維（構(gòu)成空間的因素） 尺寸；容積2)an aspect, or way of looking at or thinking about sth (情況的)部分,方面【例句】1) We measured the dimensions of the kitchen. 2) Her job added a new dimension to her life. 3) the social dimension of unemployment 4) There is a political dimension to the accusations.【翻譯】 1) 我們測量了廚房的

38、面積。2) 她的工作為她的生活增添了新的內(nèi)容。3) 失業(yè)的社會因素4) 這些指控含有政治因素。10. observe- (not used in the progressive tenses 不用于進(jìn)行時)【釋義】1) V. to see or notice sb/sth 看到；注意到; 察覺到2) V. to watch sb/sth carefully, especially to learn more about them 觀察；注視；監(jiān)視【例句】1) VN Have you observed any changes lately? 2) V that She observed that

39、 all the chairs were already occupied. 3) VN inf The police observed a man enter the bank. 4) VN to inf He was observed to follow her closely. 5) VN -ing They observed him entering the bank. 6) VNI felt he was observing everything I did. 7) V wh- They observed how the parts of the machine fitted tog

40、ether.【翻譯】1) 最近你注意到什么變化沒有？2) 她發(fā)現(xiàn)所有的椅子都有人坐了。3) 警察注意到一個男人走進(jìn)了銀行。4) 有人看到他緊跟著她。5) 他們看見他走進(jìn)銀行。6) 我覺得他正在注視著我做的每一件事。7) 他們觀看了機(jī)器零件的組裝過程。【搭配】Observe sb do sth不帶to 的不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，但在被動結(jié)構(gòu)中，不定式必須帶to.（be observed to do）注意到人做某事的整個過程，就是指有意識地去觀察別人做某事。observe sb doing sth則指無意地，恰好看到某人正在做某事【辨析】look, see, watch, observe, witnes

41、s這些動詞均有“看”之意。look： 側(cè)看"重"的動作。see： 指看見。watch： 指用眼睛跟隨某物，以便對每一個變化、運(yùn)動等進(jìn)行觀察。observe： 側(cè)重以客觀的態(tài)度進(jìn)行觀察。witness： 指當(dāng)場看見，親眼看見。 【派生】Owning a lot of property or land 有很多房產(chǎn)的，有大量地產(chǎn)的the propertied classes 有產(chǎn)階級adj. propertiedobserver -noun 1) a person who watches sb/sth 觀察者；觀測者；目擊者According to observers, the

42、plane exploded shortly after take-off. 據(jù)目擊者說，飛機(jī)起飛后不久就爆炸了。 2) a person who attends a meeting, lesson, etc. to listen and watch but not to take part 觀察員；旁聽者A team of British officials were sent as observers to the conference. 一組英國官員被派去做大會觀察員。observationU, C the act of watching sb/sth carefully for a p

43、eriod of time, especially to learn sth 觀察；觀測；監(jiān)視： Ø Most information was collected by direct observation of the animals' behaviour. Ø 大部份信息都是通過直接觀察動物的行為收集到的。 Ø results based on scientific observations 根據(jù)科學(xué)觀測得來的結(jié)果11. overwhelm【釋義】verb VN often passive1) (of water 水) to cover sb/sth

44、completely 淹沒；漫過2) to have such a strong emotional effect on sb that it is difficult for them to resist or know how to react （感情或感覺）充溢，難以禁受3) to defeat sb completely 壓倒；擊敗；征服【例句】1) Flood overwhelmed the city.2) The beauty of the landscape overwhelmed me.3) She was overwhelmed by feelings of guilt. 4

45、) The army was overwhelmed by the rebels. 【翻譯】1) 洪水淹沒了那座城市。2) 秀麗的風(fēng)光令我深深地陶醉。3) 她感到愧疚難當(dāng)。4) 軍隊(duì)被叛亂者完全擊敗了?！九缮縪verwhelming adj. Ø very great or very strong; so powerful that you cannot resist it or decide how to react 巨大的；壓倒性的；勢不可擋的The evidence against him was overwhelming. 對他不利的證據(jù)無法抵賴。 The overwhel

46、ming majority of those present were in favour of the plan. 絕大多數(shù)與會者都贊同這個計(jì)劃。 an overwhelming sense of loss 莫大的失落感 She had the almost overwhelming desire to tell him the truth. 她恨不得要告訴他實(shí)情。 You may find it somewhat overwhelming at first. 起初你可能覺得它有些無法抗拒。12. convene【釋義】verb (formal) 1)VN to arrange for pe

47、ople to come together for a formal meeting 召集，召開（正式會議）2)V to come together for a formal meeting （為正式會議而）聚集，集合【例句】1) A Board of Inquiry was convened immediately after the accident.2) He convened a meeting of the members of the club.3) The committee will convene at 11.30 next Thursday.【翻譯】1) 事故后調(diào)查委員會立

48、即召開了會議。2) 他們召開了一次俱樂部會員大會。3) 委員會將在下星期四上午 11:30 開會?！敬钆洹縯o convene a meeting 召開會議【派生】convener -noun 1 a person who arranges meetings of groups or committees 會議召集人 2 (BrE) a senior official of a trade/labor union at a factory or other place of work （工廠或基層單位的）資深工會領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人Sentences for Appreciation 1. Wanderin

49、g through rooms that sheltered earlier generations of relatives, descendants can feel new connections and a heightened sense of appreciation for those who have gone beforeWandering through rooms that.動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語表示正在進(jìn)行Wander(+prep) 漫步，閑逛，游蕩to move around or go to different places usually without havin

50、g a particular purpose or directionTo shelter sb =to provide shelter for sb : to protect sb from danger/ bad weather,etc 遮蔽，庇護(hù)A heightened sense of appreciation 更加濃烈的感激之情Heighten=height+en 使加強(qiáng)，提高，增加=intensifySense of appreciation 感激之情Paraphrase：Walking around in the rooms where earlier generations l

51、ived, descendents can feel that they share more things with their forefathers and their gratitude towards their ancestors becomes even stronger. 2. There, on a hill overlooking the main street, stands an imposing white Colonial where my maternal great-grandparents, early settlers here, raised four c

52、hildren and carved out fulfilling lives. 句子的主干是 There stands a Colonial. 本句為倒裝句。原句應(yīng)為A colonial stands there. Colonial: a house of American colonial architectureOverlooking the main street 動詞現(xiàn)在分詞作后置定語。where my maternal great-grandparents疑問副詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句 Paraphrase: A beautiful and splendid house of Americ

53、an colonial architecture stands on a hill on which you can see the main street. In this house, my maternal great-grandparents who were early settlers brought up their four children and succeeded in creating a satisfactory life by hard work. 3. The décor has changed of course, but the spaces sti

54、ll convey a sense of the past.Décor：the style in which the inside of a building is decorated （建筑內(nèi)部的）裝飾布局，裝飾風(fēng)格：Paraphrase：The layout and decoration style of the house has changed, but the spaces which are the same still enable you to get some sense that your forefathers once lived in here. 4. Ne

55、glect can also take its toll.Neglect: lack of attention or care that someone or something needs 忽視，忽略，未被重視The neglect of ones children/ ones study / ones health Take its toll: to have a bad effect on sb/sth; to cause a lot of damage, deaths, suffering, etc. 產(chǎn)生惡果；造成重大損失（或傷亡、災(zāi)難等）The recession is takin

56、g its toll on the housing markets.經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退使住房市場遭受著重大損失。Higher fuel prices took their toll.燃料提價產(chǎn)生了惡果。Paraphrase：If you fail to visit your old house regularly and have it well maintained, it may fall into decay. And you may also feel heartbroken. 5. But actually walking in the footsteps of earlier generations adds a powerful new dimensiona sense of place.Walking in the footsteps of earlier generations動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞作句