專業(yè)八級(jí)分類模擬373

1、專業(yè)八級(jí)分類模擬373(總分：79.00，做題時(shí)間：90分鐘)一、PARTI LISTENING COMPREHENSIQF總題數(shù)：0,分?jǐn)?shù)：0.00)二、SECTION A MINI-LECTURE 總題數(shù)：1，分?jǐn)?shù)：30.00)Visual PerspectivePerspective in art is the way that artists represent three-dimensional objects on the two dimensions of their canvas. There are two kinds of perspective and they occu

2、py important roles in the art history.1. 1 perspective The way that the 2 affects how we see things, especially distant things Makes a mountain in the distance appear to be less3 than closer object Application:A. Realistic artists: reproduceB. 4 : create their own special effectsn. Linear perspectiv

3、e the more 5 things are, the smaller they seem to get Example: 6 ; a line of telephone poles山."The vanishing point" Objects get smaller and smaller as they recede, until they vanish in a point on the7 Objects or scenes may have more than one vanishing point:A. A cube with one of its faces

4、squarely perpendicular to usSingle vanishing point: directly behind it and on the horizonB. A cube with one of its 8 facing usTwo vanishing points:one for the right-hand face; one for the left-hand faceC. A cube viewed from somewhat 9Three vanishing points:one to the right, one to the left, and a th

5、ird one behind itIV. The history of perspective in art Early western art:Artists recognized the effect but failed to present itExample: the paintings inside 10the illustrations in 11 Christian churches 13th and 14th centuryReverse perspective空A. Linear perspective1) Brunelleschi: conducted several 1

6、3 experimentsand discovered the rules of perspectiveExample: a(n) 14 of San Giovanni Bapistery2) Donatello: began using accurate linear perspective;spread it throughout EuropeB. Aerial perspectiveFlemish and 15 masters: developed the ideaExample: Jan van Eyck"s "The Virgin of Chancellor Ro

7、lin"Visual PerspectivePerspective in art is the way that artists represent three-dimensional objects on the two dimensions of their canvas. There are two kinds of perspective and they occupy important roles in the art history.1. 1 perspective The way that the 2 affects how we see things, especi

8、ally distant things Makes a mountain in the distance appear to be less3 than closer object Application:A. Realistic artists: reproduceB. 4 : create their own special effectsn. Linear perspective the more 5 things are, the smaller they seem to get Example: 6 ; a line of telephone poles山."The van

9、ishing point" Objects get smaller and smaller as they recede, until they vanish in a point on the7 Objects or scenes may have more than one vanishing point:A. A cube with one of its faces squarely perpendicular to usSingle vanishing point: directly behind it and on the horizonB. A cube with one

10、 of its 8 facing usTwo vanishing points:one for the right-hand face; one for the left-hand faceC. A cube viewed from somewhat 9Three vanishing points:one to the right, one to the left, and a third one behind itIV. The history of perspective in art Early western art:Artists recognized the effect but

11、failed to present itExample: the paintings inside 10_the illustrations in 11 Christian churches 13th and 14th centuryReverse perspective空A. Linear perspective1) Brunelleschi: conducted several 13 experimentsand discovered the rules of perspectiveExample: a(n) 14 of San Giovanni Bapistery2) Donatello

12、: began using accurate linear perspective;spread it throughout EuropeB. Aerial perspectiveFlemish and 15 masters: developed the ideaExample: Jan van Eyck"s "The Virgin of Chancellor Rolin"(分?jǐn)?shù)：30.00 )解析：Aerial 聽(tīng)力原文Visual PerspectiveGood morning, everyone. Today, I want to start with a

13、look at visual perspective. First, we"lllook briefly at the kinds of perspective, and then we"ll look very quickly at its history in art. Just in case you don"t know what we"re discussing perspective in art is the way that artists represent three-dimensional objects on the two di

14、mensions of their canvas.There are two basic sorts of visual perspective aerial perspective and linearperspective. Aerialperspective and "aerial" just means "air" or "atmospheric", not your view from an airplane!aerial perspective is the way that the atmosphere affects

15、how we see things,especiallydistantthings. I won"t try to go into the laws of physics that are involved here, but it is aerial perspective that makes a mountain in the distance appear to be a different color, that makes it seem hazier less distinct than closer objects. These are effects that re

16、alistic artists attemptto reproduce carefully. And impressionists also use it to create theirown special effects. Justthink of many of Turner"s landscapes or cityscapes like his "Dido Building Carthage" to getan idea of how the air can affect what we see.The other perspective, linear

17、perspective, is the way that things seem to get smaller the farther away they get. A classic example of this is the way we perceive railroad tracks or a line of telephone poles running away from us. They seem to get smaller and smaller as they recede until they vanish in a point on the horizon and t

18、his point is appropriately called "the vanishing point". This effect happens whenever there are parallel lines, like the two train tracks, or the tops and bottoms of the telephone poles.Now, an object or a scene may have more than one vanishing point. A cube with one of its faces squarely

19、perpendicular to us has a single vanishing point, directly behind it and on the horizon. But a cube with one of its vertical edges facing us has two vanishing points instead one forthe right-hand face and one for the left-hand face, and these points are off to the right and left respectively, on the

20、 horizon, where the parallel lines of the faces seem to converge. And then, if this same cube is viewed from somewhat above or below, it will have three vanishing points one to the right, one to the left,and a third one behind it and below or above the horizon.This is easy to visualize if you look u

21、p at a corner building from its street intersection. You can look down one street to see the right-hand vanishing point, look down the cross-street to see the left-hand vanishing point, and then look up along the corner of the buildingto visualizethe third vanishing point.These kinds of perspective

22、are easy to see if we view geometrical shapes or manmade structures, but of course natural scenes don"t have any sets of parallel lines, so they have no vanishing points but that doesn"t mean that they don"t exhibit perspective.OK. So much for the two perspectives, now a bit of histor

23、y about the perspectives. The laws of optics were not understood at all in early Western art. Artists recognized the effect, of course, but they were unable to figure out how to represent it accurately. From the paintings inside the Egyptian pyramids to the illustrations in medieval Christian church

24、es, nearer people were simply drawn larger, or drawn lower in the picture, or drawn so as to cover the people farther away.There was no real understanding of how the physics of perception worked they never got a graspon the idea of the vanishing point.In the 13th and 14th centuries, before linear pe

25、rspective was discovered, artists occasionally employed something called reverse perspective, in which parallellines splay rather than convergeas they approach the horizon line.One of the rules set forth in an early artists"manual is thatelements above the eye of the viewer tend downward, while

26、 elements below the viewer"s eye tend upward. While arbitrary tilting of lines upward and downward can create unusual effects, thisis generally considered to be a significant step in the progression toward the rational application of linear perspective.And then came the Renaissance, the rebirth

27、 of learning and the sciences. This was a hotbed of scientific thought Da Vinci, Galileo, Newton and Filippo Brunelleschi. Brunelleschi was afifteenth century Florentine architect who conducted several optical experiments and discovered the roles of perspective. With what he"d learned, he drew

28、a very accurate picture of San Giovanni Bapistery in Florence,and then he made a small peep hole in the middle of it. He carried it intothe street and amazed all his acquaintances by having them look through the peep hole from the back of his picture first, at a mirror which reflected the image into

29、 the viewer's line of sight. Then, Brunelleschi would quickly withdraw the mirror leaving the viewer peeping at the realBapistery, whose perspective had been replicated perfectly!Other Italian artists, notably Donatello, began using Brunelleschi's methods for accurate linear perspective and

30、his ideas soon spread throughout Europe. The development of effective aerial perspective, on the other hand, was developed by the Flemish and Dutch masters of this same period, and can be seen at its best in works like Jan van Eyck's "The Virgin of Chancellor Rolin". But that's ano

31、ther story.OK. I have outlined the two perspectives for you and I also talked about the history of the development of perspectives. Next time, we shall go to the workshop of drafting some drawings with the help of perspectives.解析講座提到透視法基本上可以分為兩種。此題要求填入第一種透視法 Aerial perspective（ 空中透視法）。因此填入 Aerial。解析

32、：atmosphere解析透視法Aerial perspective（空中透視法），即空氣如何影響我們對(duì)遠(yuǎn)方景物的視覺(jué)。因此本題的答案為atmosphere。解析：distinct 解析根據(jù)空中透視法，遠(yuǎn)方的山脈呈現(xiàn)出不同的顏色，要比近處的景物更為模糊、不那 么清楚。因此本題的答案為distinct。如果沒(méi)能記下本題考查的細(xì)節(jié)，也可以根據(jù)常識(shí)推斷岀答案。解析：Impressionists 解析印象派畫(huà)家利用空中透視法來(lái)制造印象派作品特有的效果。本題答案為 Impressionists 。解析：distant解析直線透視法是另外一種透視法。它指的是更遠(yuǎn)的物體會(huì)顯得更小。根據(jù)空格前的 more，此

33、空格不能填原詞 farther ，應(yīng)將the farther away轉(zhuǎn)化成為the more distant 。解析：railroad tracks 解析第二種透視法為直線透視法，直線透視法的典型例子是我們?cè)谶h(yuǎn)處觀察鐵 路軌道和電話線桿上的電線離我們?cè)絹?lái)越遠(yuǎn)。因此填入railroad tracks 。解析：horizon解析根據(jù)直線透視法的原則，排成一列的物體顯得越來(lái)越小，直到他們消失在地平線上 的某一點(diǎn)，而這一點(diǎn)就稱為“滅點(diǎn)”。因此本題的答案為horizon。本文考查的是關(guān)鍵性信息，在聽(tīng)力過(guò)程中應(yīng)注意做好筆記。解析:vertical edges解析如果一個(gè)立方體有一條垂直邊緣面對(duì)著我們，那

34、么我們將看到兩個(gè)“滅點(diǎn)”，一個(gè)在其左邊的立面，一個(gè)在其右邊的立面。這兩個(gè)“滅點(diǎn)”分別是左右兩邊的上下兩條邊緣的延伸交匯。 因此本題的答案為 vertical edges 。解析：above or below解析如果自上而下或者自下而上的看一個(gè)立方體，那么就能看到三個(gè)“滅點(diǎn)”， 一個(gè)在右邊，一個(gè)在左邊，第三個(gè)是在立方體正上方或者正下方。因此本題的答案為above or below 。解析：the Egyptian pyramids 解析錄音提到西方藝術(shù)史的透視法。早期的西方藝術(shù)雖然了解透視的效 果，但是卻未能參透透視法。講座舉岀其中一個(gè)例子：埃及的金字塔中的繪畫(huà)。因此填入the Egyptian

35、pyramids 。解析：medieval解析錄音提到，無(wú)論是埃及的金字塔中的繪畫(huà)，還是中世紀(jì)的天主教教堂的繪畫(huà)，在近 處的人像都畫(huà)得很大，或者位于畫(huà)面較低的位置，或者直接把遠(yuǎn)處的人給遮住了。因此本題的答案為medieval 。解析：Renaissance解析錄音接著提到透視法在西方藝術(shù)史上的第三個(gè)時(shí)期，即“文藝復(fù)興”時(shí)期。因 此填入 Renaissance 。解析：optical解析15世紀(jì)文藝復(fù)興時(shí)期，佛羅倫薩的畫(huà)家布魯內(nèi)萊斯基進(jìn)行了幾次光學(xué)的實(shí)驗(yàn)，發(fā)現(xiàn) 了透視法的原則。因此本題的答案為optical 。解析：accurate picture解析錄音講到文藝復(fù)興期間，大量科學(xué)思想體系誕生，

36、代表人物如達(dá)芬奇、伽 利略等。以畫(huà)家布魯內(nèi)萊斯基為例，他描繪了一幅關(guān)于佛羅倫薩San Giovanni Bapistery精確的畫(huà)。因此填入 accurate picture解析：Dutch解析在文藝復(fù)興時(shí)期，一些佛蘭德和荷蘭的藝術(shù)大師也開(kāi)始利用空中透視法。本題的答案 為 Dutch。三、SECTION B INTERVIEW 總題數(shù)：2,分?jǐn)?shù)：25.00）（分?jǐn)?shù)：20.00 ）A. lt is to compare the different facilities that hotel chains provide.B. lt is to compare some hotel chains

37、in different aspects.Ct is to introduce some hotel chains with workout offerings.Dt is to introduce workout offering provided in some hotel chains.V解析：聽(tīng)力原文M: This morning on Take It Off Today, staying in shape on the road. Just because you are stayingat a hotel does not mean your exercise routine ha

38、s to suffer although too often it probably does. Wome n"s Health"s contributing editor Lisa Drayer says there are many hotel chains catering to your every workout need. Lisa, good morning! Nice to see you.W: Good morning, nice to see you.M: So this is a big thing for hotels right now. It i

39、s a growing trend. Why do you think that is?W: Well, you know, consumers have become increasingly health-conscious, so when we travel, weare looking for a hotel that not only has a comfortable bed and a nice lobby, but also one thatwill allow us to maintain our fitness routine while we are on the ro

40、ad. So because of this trend, Wome n"s Healthtook a look at some of the major hotel chains throughout the country, including Fairmont, Candlewood Suites, Hyatt, Hilton, Marriott and Westin, and what we found was that all these hotel chains had either improved their fitness offerings, or they ha

41、d implemented brand-new ones.M: And you found that a lot of their clients are looking for an outlet when they are on the roadand don"t want their routines to suffer.W: Absolutely not, especially because many of us travel a lot of the time.M: Yeah, increasingly. Alright, let"s take a look a

42、t some of those offerings. We are going to begin with Hyatt, and you really like the amenities from Hyatt, so why is that?W: Right. Hyatt is definitely one of the leaders in terms of their fitness offerings. They now offer StayFit at Hyatt Gyms, open 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. So basically you c

43、an work out any time a day. And they"ve also recently partnered with Yoga Away, so they actually offer in-room yoga videos. In fact, even during their bedtime turndown service, they will give the guest a card with specific breathing instructions, and they will also guide the guest to a bedtime

44、yoga video. So lots of yoga videos are available.M: So no chop on the pillow. This is yoga. There is an alternative choice.W: That"s right. This is your bedtime yoga workout, and it"s free of charge. The hotel will alsoprovide yoga mats and balls, and a couple of other perks as well. Hyatt

45、 will also offer workoutapparel delivered to your room in under an hour, available for purchase.M: So no excuses for living at home.W: That"s right. And you know, some guests will even get a wrist-top GPS monitor, so runners caneasily navigate back to the hotel, also monitor heart rate, distanc

46、e and calories burned.What is the main goal behind this interview?本題考查主旨。根據(jù)聽(tīng)力原文可知，很多酒店都相繼推岀了健身服務(wù)項(xiàng)目，這是一個(gè)日益增長(zhǎng)的趨勢(shì)，因 此這個(gè)訪談主要是通過(guò)列舉幾個(gè)連鎖酒店所提供的健身項(xiàng)目來(lái)讓人們了解此現(xiàn)象和趨勢(shì)。因此D為正確答案。A. Delicious food.VB. Comfortable accommodation.C. A great lobby.D. Fitness offerings.解析：聽(tīng)力原文What is NOT mentioned as to consumers" re

47、quirements on hotel?本題設(shè)題點(diǎn)在因果處。根據(jù)聽(tīng)力原文可知，由于消費(fèi)者的健康意識(shí)提高了，所以人們?cè)诼眯袝r(shí)選擇的酒店 不僅能提供舒適的床鋪和輝煌的大廳，還要能讓人們保持自己的健身習(xí)慣，訪談中并未提及美食，因此 A 為正確答案，同時(shí)排除 B、C 和 D。A. Fairmont.B. Candlewood Suites.C. Hyatt.VD. Hilton.解析： 聽(tīng)力原文 Which hotel takes the leading position in workout offerings?本題考查重要細(xì)節(jié)。根據(jù)聽(tīng)力原文可知，凱悅酒店絕對(duì)是健身項(xiàng)目方面的領(lǐng)頭人，所以C為正確答案

48、。A. Gym service available all day long.B. Free yoga courses.VC. Yoga mats and balls.D. GPS monitor.解析： 聽(tīng)力原文 Which of the following is NOT provided by Hayatt?本題考查重要細(xì)節(jié)。根據(jù)聽(tīng)力原文可知，酒店提供全天開(kāi)放的健身房，故排除A;根據(jù)聽(tīng)力原文可知，酒店還提供室內(nèi)瑜伽錄像，而不是瑜伽課程，故B 符合題意；根據(jù)聽(tīng)力原文可知，酒店還提供瑜伽墊和瑜伽球等，故排除C;根據(jù)聽(tīng)力原文可知，顧客可以得到手腕GPS導(dǎo)航器，在顧客出去跑步時(shí)可以幫助顧客導(dǎo)航，同

49、時(shí)測(cè)量心速、距離及運(yùn)動(dòng)所燃燒的熱量，故排除D。因此B為正確答案。A. Guests will be given a card with yoga breathing techniques.B. Guests have many bedtime yoga videos to watch in room.C. The bedtime yoga workout is provided for guests without charge.D. It will take guests over one hour to get yoga equipment in room.V解析： 聽(tīng)力原文 Which

50、of the following statements is INCORRECTin terms of the bedtime turndown service provided by Hayatt?本題考查重要細(xì)節(jié)。 根據(jù)聽(tīng)力原文可知， 凱悅酒店提供的睡前夜床服務(wù)會(huì)給房客一張帶有專門呼吸法的卡， 還會(huì)指導(dǎo)房客觀看睡前瑜伽視頻，可供觀看的瑜伽視頻有很多，故排除A和B;根據(jù)聽(tīng)力原文可知，凱悅酒店提供的睡前瑜伽健身項(xiàng)目是免費(fèi)的，由此排除C;根據(jù)聽(tīng)力原文可知，凱悅酒店可以在一個(gè)小時(shí)內(nèi)將健身器材送到客房供客人購(gòu)買，而不是一個(gè)多小時(shí)，因此D為正確答案。（分?jǐn)?shù)： 5.00 ）A. Queen"s

51、 50th anniversary.B. Queen"s 60th anniversary.VC. A very English sport, polo.D. The 2012 London Olympic Games.解析： 聽(tīng)力原文 PopSugar: We"re here celebrating a very English sport, polo, while back in London, the DiamondJubilee is going on! Are you excited for the queen"s 60th anniversary?Be

52、nedict Cumberbatch: I am excited for the Jubilee. I feel a bit of a treason-worthy abscondee.I planned to have a holiday here a long while after I finished shooting a film I"ve just done.I guess that"s why I am here rather than over there. It"s very exciting. We"ve got three huge

53、 events, really, in this next couple of months, this being a kickoff for it. I think, like lots of places in Europe, we need all the home-spun joy and festivities and celebrations we can get at the moment.PopSugar: Does that mean you"re attending the Olympics?Benedict: I am as much as anyone wh

54、o doesn"t have a ticket can go to the Olympics. I"m going to avoid all the traffic and maybe see the best events at home, I think. But we"ll see, hopefully.I haven"t really made any plans, to be honest, to go, but I"m really, really excited about hosting it.PopSugar: You&quo

55、t;re obviously talking about Star Trek 2. How was it joining that cast to make the movie?Benedict: Fantastic. Zoe"s just my amazing, good friend. The whole thing was just an absolute blast. I mean really, really good fun. I had a terrific time doing it.PopSugar: You"re already quite famous

56、 for your role as Sherlock. You"re becoming a pretty big heartthrob, with ladies sharing lots of your pictures on the Internet. Howdo you feel about that? Benedict: Very flattered and slightly bemused. I mean, I wake up in the morning and see the same weird things about me that I"ve seen f

57、or 35 years. So I take it with a pinch of salt. But I"m very flattered. I play extraordinary characters, so I think it"s a lot on the back of that. I don"t take it too seriously, but I"m very flattered and keep my perspective on things.PopSugar: So has life changed a lot for you

58、lately, then?Benedict: It makes me smile, not that I didn"t smile before. But it makes me giggle a bit, like an idiot. It"s a weird thing, isn"t it? Because people know me better than I know them now.That has changed things. That makes for a very strange first encounter sort of dynami

59、c, if youknow what I mean. I can"t be churlish about it. It"s incredibly flattering. I want to do something useful with it, rather than just sort of feel smug about it. It"s a lovely position to be in, and it"s off the back of work that"s been really, really celebrated.PopSugar: It sure has. Sherlock is a big hit here in the US.Benedict: There