高考英語語法填空題考點分析與解題技巧

1、高考英語語法填空題考點分析與解題技巧語法填空題的設(shè)置是全國卷高考英語試題的一項創(chuàng)新，它將語法知識的考查置于一篇英語短文中，通過設(shè)置純空格題填空和給詞填空兩種形式來表現(xiàn)，突出考查了學(xué)生通過語境運用語法知識的能力，更能客觀、準(zhǔn)確地考量學(xué)生的語法知識水平。此題雖然只有15分，占英語全卷分?jǐn)?shù)的十分之一，但也是英語考卷的重要組成部分，不容忽視。要想此題有好的發(fā)揮，學(xué)好語法，注重運用必不可少，這是基礎(chǔ)；了解考點，掌握解題技巧才是確保得分的關(guān)鍵。一、語法填空題命題原則及考點分析。（一）命題原則：1.短文題材：題材多樣，或體現(xiàn)文化內(nèi)涵、文化交往，或給人以啟迪等。2.短文長度：約200詞，一般不超過12句話，設(shè)

2、10個空，句首不設(shè)空。3.短文難度：沒有超出課標(biāo)的生詞，但有課標(biāo)單詞的派生詞，此題考查考生在特定語境中語法的分析和運用能力。4.考點設(shè)置：只能填一個詞的純空格題：設(shè)6-7個小題；用所給的詞填空題：設(shè)3-4小題。純空格題通?？脊谠~、介詞、代詞和連詞等詞；給詞填空通?？贾^語動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)、非謂語動詞、形容詞和副詞的比較級和最高級、此類轉(zhuǎn)換等，答案可能是一個單詞、兩個單詞或兩個以上單詞。5.常常會出現(xiàn)所填詞位于句首，目的是考查該單詞的第一個字母要大寫。（二）考點分析：語法填空題主要考查的是語法和上下文的連貫性，而語法是重點。它主要考查的內(nèi)容為高中英語大綱要求的基本語法知識、詞匯、習(xí)語和較為簡單的英

3、語表達(dá)方式的掌握情況。具體考點和命題特點如下：1每一個空格的設(shè)置都必定涉及到某一條或某幾條語法規(guī)則，不會單純考查單詞的拼寫和詞組的用法。【例1】In Greece women had little freedom.Wealthy women hardly left their houses,but they _(allow) to attend weddings and some festivals.【解析】 因allow 與 they 在邏輯上是動賓關(guān)系，要用被動語態(tài)，用 be allowed;由 had 和 left 可知 be 是過去式；主語是復(fù)數(shù) they, be 的過去式應(yīng)是 wer

4、e, 答案就是 were allowed. 此題就涉及到動詞的時態(tài)、語態(tài)和主謂一致三條語法規(guī)則?！纠?】The _ why I was sad was that he didnt understand me.【解析】因為why引導(dǎo)的定語從句，前面的先行詞一定是reason.此題看起來是考查填入適當(dāng)?shù)拿~。但實際上是考查定語從句.2.考慮語境。既然采用短文形式來考查語法，其目的就是要利用短文以較強的語境特點來命題，否則，就不如用單句來考查語法了，考生要想填出正確答案，至少要理解整個句子的意思或各分句之間的邏輯關(guān)系，或者需要理解前后幾個句子，甚至整個段落或篇章?！纠?】Several change

5、s have brought wild animals to the _.Foremost, air and water quality in many cities have improved as a result of the 1970s pollution control efforts.【解析】：在冠詞the后必定是名詞，再根據(jù)下句確定填cities。本題若只根據(jù)設(shè)空格本身，而不閱讀并理解下文。是無法填出正確答案的。3.考點分散。基本上一個空格代表一個語法點，十個空格有可能涉及十個或十個以上的語法點。至少也得有7個語法點。因此，重復(fù)考查某項語法的可能性較小，填詞相同的空格幾乎沒有可能

6、。4.適當(dāng)提示。涉及到動詞的時態(tài)，語態(tài)、非謂語動詞、詞類轉(zhuǎn)換等需要詞形變換的空格，要緊扣上下文的信息提示。【例4】Oil prices have risen by 32 percent since the start of the year,_(reach) a record $57.65 a barrel on April 4. 【解析】reach及后面的內(nèi)容是伴隨著謂語動詞的發(fā)生而產(chǎn)生的自然結(jié)果。用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語，故填reaching?！纠?】It would be _(believe) that such an honest fellow should have betrayed his

7、 friends!【解析】因為在系動詞be后作表語。要用believe的形容詞形式believable，由句意“這樣一個老實人竟會出賣朋友，真難以置信”可知，要加前綴變?yōu)榉戳x詞。故答案是unbelievable。5.考題一般涉及到的語法項目：1）動詞與介詞或副詞搭配構(gòu)成的固定動詞短語；2）冠詞的用法<有時要填的詞是名詞，但往往考的是冠詞的用法>；3）連詞的用法，包括從屬連詞和并列連詞；4）派生詞的用法。5）動詞的適當(dāng)形式（包括謂語動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)以及非謂語動詞的用法等）；6）情態(tài)動詞的用法；7）定語從句。名詞性從句、狀語從句的引導(dǎo)詞等。8）代詞的用法：人稱代詞、指示代詞、物主代詞、

8、反身代詞、不定代詞等。特別提醒：1）適當(dāng)注意倒裝句中的助動詞和強調(diào)謂動詞的助動詞的用法；2）名詞的數(shù)和所有格有可能在給詞填空中考察；4）要填寫的詞位于句首要注意大寫；5）考生需要具備句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析的能力:首先，應(yīng)熟練掌握簡單句的五大基本句型；其次，要充分了解詞類及語法功能；再次，要會分析并列句，主從復(fù)合句等；要懂得兩個簡單句間不用分號或句號，就必須用連詞，否則句子結(jié)構(gòu)不完整。二、語法填空題解題思路和做題技巧。通過對命題思路和考點的分析?？忌鷮Υ祟}要“考什么”和“怎么考”有了明確的認(rèn)識。接下來要弄清楚的是“如何做題”和確?？荚嚨梅值膯栴}了。下面就談一談這方面的事。（一）解題思路。做語法填空題時，可

9、以用一種由大及小的思路去（其根據(jù)是此題的特點-語境與語法相結(jié)合）思考答案。也就是說，可以從“篇章，句子，詞匯”三個層面去思考。1.通讀全文，了解大意，弄清文脈?？忌灰x一句就填一個答案，首先要把括號有提示的空格視為已知條件，通讀全文，了解文段內(nèi)容及要點。2.結(jié)合語境，試填空格，先易后難?；玖私馕恼麓笠夂?，就可以動手填空了。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)與空格、邊讀邊填，遇到一時想出來的答案，不要用太多時間停留在此題上，先跳過去，做后面的題，待填完其他空格后，再回過頭來細(xì)細(xì)推敲此空的語義，填入最佳單詞。具體體現(xiàn)為八條思路：思路1：根據(jù)語法知識填空。根據(jù)已學(xué)語法，分析空格及句意，填入正確答案?！纠?】He mu

10、st be _ (mental) disabled.【解析】disabled是形容詞，修飾它的詞應(yīng)是副詞，作狀語，故填mentally.【例2】lots of rescue workers were working around the clock,_(send) supplies to Yushu, Qinghai province after the earthquake.【解析】根據(jù)句意和句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知were working 為謂語，空格表示伴隨，因此答案為sending.思路2：根據(jù)邏輯關(guān)系填空。通讀全文，把握作者的思路，聯(lián)系上下文語義，分析歸納，填入符合詞義、句意和上下文情景的正確答

11、案?！纠?】On Sunday morning in August I went to local music festival. I left it early because I had an appointment _ (late) in the day.【解析】根據(jù)上下文內(nèi)容可知，作者“先去音樂節(jié)，隨后早些離開因為要去赴約”，late要用其比較級later，表示赴約在后。思路3：根據(jù)語篇的標(biāo)志填空。語篇是指比單個句子長的語言單位（句群、段落、篇章等）。語篇間往往有標(biāo)明內(nèi)在關(guān)系的詞，我們稱這些詞為“語篇標(biāo)志詞”。如表示結(jié)構(gòu)層次的有first，second，third，finally等；表

12、示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系或變換話題的有 however，but,by the way等；“語篇標(biāo)志詞”對迅速理清文章脈絡(luò)，弄清上下文關(guān)系很有幫助?！纠?】Because when money is spent, we can earn it back. However, when time is _ , it it will never return. Therefore we should make _ use of our time to study hard so as to serve our country in the future.【解析】由表示轉(zhuǎn)折的However 可知，第一個空格是表示時間

13、的“失去”，應(yīng)填gone/lost;由表示結(jié)果的Therefore可知，應(yīng)充分利用時間，第二個空格應(yīng)用full或good 來修飾名詞use.思路4：根據(jù)固定詞組填空。熟練掌握一些常見的詞組，如：as a matter of fact, make up ones mind, take part in depend on/upon, by the way, keep in touch with, earn ones living,等，對解題有很大幫助?！纠?】It is easy for him to make up _ mind and also easy to change it.【解析】表示

14、“下決心”是固定詞組make up ones mind, 因此答案是his.思路5：根據(jù)句型搭配，如so/suchthat;It is(for sb) to do sth; There is no doubt that; There is no sense in doing sth等來解題?！纠?】_ is known to all that the time we can use is limited.【解析】是It isthat主語從句的句型，作形式主語要用it,故填 it.【例7】He feels it his duty _ (help) others.【解析】句中it 是形式賓語。要用

15、to help (others)作真正賓語，故填to help.思路6：根據(jù)詞匯知識填空。指根據(jù)某些詞語在用法上的特殊搭配來解題。如下列各類動詞必須牢記：只能接動詞-ing形式作賓語的動詞； 只能接to do 作賓語的動詞; 接to do 作賓語補足語的動詞；接to do 作賓語補足語的動詞；接 done 作賓語補足語的動詞；對句式搭配要求較為特別的詞語等?！纠?】The temple in bad condition needs _ (repair).【解析】need實義動詞是“需要”的意思，其后如果表示主動，用to do,如果表示被動，就用v-ing 或 to be done,故答案為re

16、pairing 或to be repaired.思路7：根據(jù)生活常識填空?！纠?】Do not put off what can be done today _ tomorrow.【解析】結(jié)合生活常識，不難理解句意為“不把今天能做的事情推遲到明天去做”，答案自然是表示“直到”的till/untill.思路8：根據(jù)文化背景填空?！纠?0】After the flood Mr Deng was as poor as a church _.【解析】這句話的意思是“水災(zāi)后鄧先生一貧如洗了”。as poor as a church mouse 是諺語“一貧如洗”的意思。因此此處填mouse.3.驗證復(fù)查

17、，清除難點。將所有答案填入空格，并把整篇文章從頭至尾讀一遍，對所填寫的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行檢查修正，以最后確定答案。（二）解題技巧。所謂解題技巧指的是：遵循一般規(guī)律，分析具體情況，結(jié)合語境做出正確判斷。1.純空格題的解題技巧。首先，分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，確定填哪類詞；然后，根據(jù)句子意思確定填什么詞或根據(jù)兩句間的邏輯關(guān)系，確定用什么樣的關(guān)聯(lián)詞。具體有以下七種技巧：技巧1：缺主語或賓語，一定是填代詞或名詞（代詞考的更多）?！纠?】i can send a message to Kenya whenever I want to, and _ gets there in almost a second.【解析】and 連

18、接前后兩個句子，and 后面的句子缺主語，應(yīng)填名詞或代詞；結(jié)合前一個分句，不難推知，空格處應(yīng)填it, 代替前句的message.技巧2：名詞前若沒有限定詞（冠詞，形容詞性物主代詞，不定代詞等），很可能要填限定詞?！纠?】the head of the village was tying his horse to my car to pull it to_ small town some 20 kilometres away where there was a garage.【解析】因單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞town 前還沒有限定詞，應(yīng)填限定詞，根據(jù)句意，天不定冠詞a,表示“一個”。技巧3：句子不缺主語、表

19、語，動動詞后不缺賓語的情況下，名詞或代詞前面一定是填介詞?！纠?】who should have the honour of receiving me _ a guest in their house.【解析】完全符合技巧3的情況，填介詞無疑，根據(jù)句意可知，此介詞的意思是“作為”，用介詞as.技巧4：若兩個或幾個單詞或短語之間沒有連詞，可能填連詞?！纠?】these paintings by two world-famous artists,Pablo Picasso _ Candido Portinarni, which are worth millions of dollars.【解析】空

20、格之后兩個名詞之間沒有連詞，再根據(jù)句意，這里需要并列連詞and.技巧5：若兩句之間沒有連詞，也沒有分號或句號，一定是填并列連詞或從屬連詞?！纠?】I wanted to see as much of the city as possible in the two days _ I was to return to Guangzhou.【解析】空格前后是兩個句子，它們之間要填連詞，根據(jù)兩句之間的邏輯關(guān)系，可知“參觀”在“回廣州”之前，故填before.技巧6:若結(jié)構(gòu)較完整，空格后的謂語動詞是原形，特別是與上下文的時態(tài)不一致時，很可能是填情態(tài)動詞或表示強調(diào)或倒裝的助動詞（do,does,did等）

21、?！纠?】What is acceptable in one country _ be considered extremely rude in another.【解析】符合技巧6的情況，再根據(jù)句意及語氣，填may(表示“可能”)。技巧7：由特殊的句式結(jié)構(gòu)來判斷空格應(yīng)填的詞。這些特殊句式有：強調(diào)句式、倒裝句、it用作形式主語或形式賓語、so/suchthat句型和morethan等?！纠?】and _ was only after I heard she became sick that I learned she couldnt eat MSG(味精)！【例8】_ with hard wor

22、k can you expect to get a pay rise.【例9】Dating sites also make _ easy to avoid someone when you are not interested in.【例10】This made the goat so jealous _ it began plotting the donkey.【解析】例7是強調(diào)句式，應(yīng)填it;例8是倒裝句，根據(jù)句意應(yīng)填only;例9考查 to avoid(真正賓語)的形式賓語it;例10是sothat句型，應(yīng)填that.2.給出動詞填空的解題技巧。首先，判斷要填的動詞是謂語動詞還是非謂語動

23、詞。然后按照以下兩點進(jìn)行思考：技巧8：若句中沒有別的謂語動詞，或者雖然已有謂語動詞，但需填的動詞與之是并列關(guān)系時，所給動詞就是謂語動詞；若是謂語動詞，就要考慮時態(tài)和語態(tài)?！纠?1】He _ (pretend)that a tiger toy was real and giving it a voice.【解析】 此句沒有謂語動詞，pretend 應(yīng)是謂語動詞，它與主語He是主動關(guān)系；再根據(jù)從句中謂語動詞was可知，要用一般過去時，故填pretended.【例12】In Logan, three people _ (take) to a hospital, while others were t

24、reated at a local clinic.【解析】因主語three people 與 take 是被動關(guān)系，故用被動語態(tài)；由were treated可知，要用一般過去時，故填were taken.技巧9：若句中已有謂語動詞，又不是并列謂語時，所給動詞就是非謂語動詞。若是非謂語動詞就要確定用-ing形式、-ed形式，還是用不定式形式?！纠?3】_ (speak) out your inner feeling wont make you feel ashamed, on the contrary【解析】此句已有謂語wont make,所以speak要用非謂語動詞；謂語之前應(yīng)為主語，故填Sp

25、eaking.【例14】_ (complete) the project as planned, well have to work two more hours a day.【解析】 因句中已有謂語 will have to work,所以complete 是非謂語動詞；根據(jù)句意，非謂語動詞在這里作目的狀語，用動詞不定式 to complete.【例15】I got on the bus and found a seat near the back,and then I noticed a man _ (sit) at the front.【解析】此句的謂語動詞是三個并列的動詞got on,

26、found和noticed,表示接連發(fā)生的動作，所以sit要用非謂語動詞；通過分析可知sit應(yīng)是賓語補足語，它與賓語a man是主動關(guān)系，用sitting.【例16】The headmaster went into the lab, _ (follow) by the foreign guests【解析】此句的謂語動詞went,所給動詞與謂語不是并列關(guān)系，應(yīng)用非謂語動詞形式； the headmaster 與follow是被動關(guān)系，故填followed,作伴隨狀語。在語法專項訓(xùn)練中，把握好語法填空題的命題動向，熟悉考查內(nèi)容,理清做題的思路，掌握做題的技巧，就可以做到：有的放矢、有章可循、事半功

27、倍，從而提高做題的效率和準(zhǔn)確性。希望此文能對廣大考生有所啟發(fā)。語法填空高考試題匯編2007年廣東    I was on my way to the Taiyetos Mountains. The sun was setting when my car _31_ （break） down near a remote and poor village. Cursing my misfortune， I was wondering where I was going to spend the night when I realized that the village

28、rs who had gathered around me were arguing as to _32_ should have the honor of receiving me _33_ a guest in their house. Finally， I accepted the offer of an old woman who lived alone in a little house. While she was getting me _34_ （settle） into a tiny but clean room， the head of the village was tyi

29、ng up his horse to my car to pull it to _35_ small town some 20 kilometres away_36_there was a garage.    I had noticed three hens running free in my hostesss courtyard and that night one of them ended up in a dish on my table. _37_ villagers brought me goats cheese and hone. We drank

30、 together and talked _38_ （merry） till far into the night.    When the time came for me to say goodbye to my friends in the village， I wanted to reward the old woman _39_the trouble I had caused _40_.2008年廣東  Chinese proverbs are rich and they are still widely used in Chinese peo

31、ples daily life. _31_ these proverbs there are often interesting stories. For example， the proverb， “plucking up a crop _32_ （help） it grow”， is based on the following story. It is said that a short-tempered man in the Song Dynasty （9601279） was very anxious to help _33_rice crop grow up quickly. He

32、 was thinking about _34_ day and night. But the crop was growing much slower than he expected. One day， he came up with an idea _35_ he would pluck up all of his crop a few inches. He did so the next day. He was very tired _36_ doing this for a whole day， _37_ he felt very happy since the crop did “

33、grow” _38_ （high）。    His son heard about this and went to see the crop. Unfortunately the leaves of the crop began to wither. This proverb is saying we have to let things go in their _39_ （nature） course. Being too anxious to help an event develop often _40_ （result） in the contrary

34、to our intention.2009年廣東Jane was walking round the department store. She remembered how difficult _31_ was to choose a suitable Christmas present for her father. She wished that he was as easy _32_ (please) as her mother, who was always delighted with perfume.Besides, shopping at this time of the ye

35、ar was not _33_ pleasant experience：people stepped on your feet or _34_ (push) you with their elbows(肘部), hurrying ahead to get to a bargain.Jane paused in front of a counter _35_ some attractive ties were on display. “They are real silk,” the assistant tried to attract her. “Worth double the price.

36、” But Jane knew from past experience that her _36_ (choose) of ties hardly ever pleased her father.Jane stopped where a small crowd of men had gathered. She found some good quality pipes _37_ sale. She did not hesitate for long: although her father smokeda pipe only once in a while, she knew that th

37、is was a present which was bound to please _38_.When Jane got home, with her small but well-chosen present in her bag, her parents were already _39_ table having supper. Her mother was excited. “Your father has at last decided to stop smoking,” Jane _40_ (inform).（2011廣東）One Sunday morning in August

38、 I went to local music festival. I left （）it early because I had an appointment 16 (late) that day. My friends walked me to the bus stop and waited with me 17 the bus arrived. I got on the bus and found a seat near the back, and then I noticed a man 18 (sit) at the front. He 19 (pretend) that a tige

39、r toy was real and giving it a voice. He must be 20 (mental) disabled.Behind him were other people to 21 he was trying to talk, but after some minutes 22 walked away and sat near me, looking annoyedI didnt want to be laughed at for talking to him but I didnt like leaving him 23 his own either.After

40、a while I rose from my seat and walked to the front of the bus. I sat next to the man and introduced myself. We had 24 amazing conversation. He got off the bus before me and I felt very happy the rest of the way home.Im glad I made a choice. It made 25 of us feel good.（2012廣東）Mary will ever forget t

41、he first time she saw him. He suddenly appeared in class one day , 16 (wear) sun glasses . He walked in as if he 17 (buy) the school ,And the word quickly got around that he was from New York City .For some reason he sat beside Mary. Mary felt 18 (please), because there were many empty seats in the

42、room .But she quickly realized that it wasnt her, it was probably the fact that she sat in 19 last row. 20 he thought he could escape attention by sitting at the back, he was wrong. It might have made it a little 21 (hard) for everybody because it meant they had to turn around, but that didnt stop t

43、he kids in the class. Of course whenever they turn to look at him, they had to look at Mary , 22 made her feel like a star .“Do you need those glasses for medical reasons ?” the teacher asked .The new boy shook his head .”Then Id appreciate it if you didnt wear them in class .I like to look at your

44、eyes when Im speaking to you.” The new boy looked at the teacher 23 a few seconds and all the other students wondered 24 the boy would do .Then he took 25 off , gave a big smile and said “That is cool.”（2014廣東）Last year, my brother and I went to Miami for a vacation. Some of my friends who had been

45、there before said_16_ was a wonderful holiday destination. Before we went, we had planned for months. When the day came, we were ready.After our plane landed, we went to the hotel. We had made our reservation six months_17_ （early）, but the man at the front desk said there had been a mistake. We 18_

46、（tell）that our rooms hadnt been reserved for that week, 19_ for the week after. I didnt understand 20_ this would happen and my credit card had already been charged_ the reservation. Whats worse, the hotel had been fully booked. When we were wondering what to do, the manager came out. She was 22_（su

47、rprise）helpful. She apologized for the mistake and gave us a spare VIP room on 23_ top floor. We had never stayed in such an amazing room, and we werent charged extra.The next day, my brother and I went to the beach 24_ we watched some people play volleyball. We got a little_（sunburn），but the day ha

48、d been so relaxing that we didnt mind.（2014全國卷）Are you facing a situation that looks impossible to fix?In 1969, the pollution was terrible along the Cuyahoga River Cleveland, Ohio. It _61_（be）unimaginable that it could ever be cleaned up. The river was so polluted that it _62_（actual）caught fire and

49、 burned. Now, ears later, this river is one of _63_ most outstanding examples of environmental cleanup.But the river wasnt changed in a few days _64_ even a few months. It took years of work _65_（reduce） the industrial pollution and clean the water. Finally, that hard work paid off and now the water

50、 in the river is _66_（clean） than ever.Maybe you are facing an impossible situation. Maybe you leave a habit _67_ is driving your family crazy. Possibly you drink too much or dont know how to control your credit card use. When you face such an impossible situation ,dont you want a quick fix and some

51、thing to change immediately?While there are _68_（amaze）stories of instant transformation, for most of us the _69_（change） are gradual and require a lot of effort and work, like cleaning up a polluted river. Just be _70 （patience）.（2015廣東）Mr. Johnson lived in the woods with his wife and children. He owned _16_ farm, which looked almost abandoned. _17_ (lucky), he also had a cow which produced milk every day. He sold or exchanged some of the milk in the towns nearly _18_ other food and made cheese and butter for the family with