自動(dòng)化與電子信息專業(yè)英語Part ppt課件

1、Prat 5 Sensing Technology5.1 Sensors in manufacturing5.2 Microthermocouples5.3 Pressure Microsensors5.4 QProx QT113 Charge-Transfer Touch Sensor(1)5.5 QProx QT113 Charge-Transfer Touch Sensor(II)Sensing Technology5.1 Sensors in manufacturingSensing Technology5.1 Sensors in manufacturing5.1.1Speciali

2、zed English Words transducer 變換器變換器 piezoelectric crystal 壓電晶體壓電晶體mechanically actuated 機(jī)械壓力機(jī)械壓力 physical stimulus 物理刺激物理刺激piezoelectric actuator 壓電傳動(dòng)裝置，壓電驅(qū)動(dòng)器壓電傳動(dòng)裝置，壓電驅(qū)動(dòng)器 piezoelectric sensor 壓電式傳感器壓電式傳感器piezo device 壓電裝置壓電裝置 magnetism 磁性，吸引力，磁學(xué)磁性，吸引力，磁學(xué)Sensing Technology kinetic energy 動(dòng)能 Radiant輻射

3、，輻射的，發(fā)光的 electromagnetic radio waves電磁無線電波 micro waves 微波 multi-signal capability多信號處理能力 ease of integration into 易于集成到. atomic 原子，原子的，原子能的 molecular energy分子能 gravitational引力 Sensing Technology mass energy質(zhì)能，質(zhì)能關(guān)系 electrical discharge machining 電火花加工 surface finish 表面光潔度 cutting fluid 切削液 lubricants

4、 潤滑劑，潤滑物，潤滑油 tooling 模具，加工 magnetic fields 磁場 strain應(yīng)變，緊張，拉緊 relativity theory 相對論 pertaining to motion相對運(yùn)動(dòng) Sensing Technologydisplacement位移Binding energy 結(jié)合能 infrared紅外線visible light可見光 ultraviolet 紫外線，紫外線的acceleration 加速度 flow velocity流速rate of transport傳輸率moment 力矩，彎矩 Torque轉(zhuǎn)矩，扭矩，力矩roughness表面粗糙度

5、 Sensing Technology stiffness 剛度 viscosity粘度 Crystallinity結(jié)晶度 structural integrity結(jié)構(gòu)整體性 wave velocity波速 amplitude 振幅 ，波幅 phase 相位，相 polarization 偏振，極化 spectrum頻譜，光譜，譜 conductivity 電導(dǎo)率 Sensing Technology magnetic flux磁通量，磁通 permeability滲透率，滲透性 intensity光強(qiáng)，強(qiáng)度 emissivity發(fā)射率，輻射率 reflectivity反射率，反射，反射系數(shù)

6、transmissivity透射率，透過率 specific heat比熱容 thermal conductivity 熱導(dǎo)率Sensing Technology5.1.2 Notes A transducer is generally defined as a device that transmits energy from one system to another, often with a change in form of the energy. 此句的主句是“A transducer is defined as a device” 。 全句可翻譯為“一般將變換器定義為從一個(gè)系統(tǒng)向

7、另一個(gè)系統(tǒng)傳輸能量的設(shè)備，往往伴隨著能量形式的變化” 。 “that” 引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾先行詞 “device” 。Sensing Technology We shall discuss the basic characteristics of both types of silicon micro-sensors but introduce some of the unique features of the latter which are becoming more and more utilized in manufacturing. 句中“which引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾“Featur

8、es ” 。全句可譯成“我們討論這兩種類型的硅微傳感器的基本特征。但對在制造業(yè)中應(yīng)用變得越來越多的后者，我們還要介紹一些它獨(dú)有的特點(diǎn)?！薄皐hich引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾“Features ”Sensing Technology In practice, these 10 forms of energy are condensed into the six signal types listed as we can consider atomic and molecular energy as part of chemical energy, gravitational and mechanica

9、l as one, mechanical, and we can ignore nuclear and mass energy. 全句可譯為 “在實(shí)踐中，可以將原子與分子能看作化學(xué)能的一部分，可以將引力和機(jī)械能統(tǒng)一為機(jī)械能，還可以忽略原子能和質(zhì)能，這樣一來，這10種能量就可以壓縮成所列出的六類信號”。第一個(gè)“as為連接詞，引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句 “we energy” ；第二個(gè)“as為介詞，意為“當(dāng)作” 。Sensing Technology Finally, there are a number of technical specifications of sensors that must be

10、 addressed in assessing the ability of a particular sensor/output combination to measure robustly the state of the process. 此句的主句是“there are a number of technical specifications of sensors”。 全句可譯為 “最后，在評估某種傳感-輸出組合能是否具備對制造過程的狀態(tài)進(jìn)行穩(wěn)定的測量的能力時(shí)，有一系列技術(shù)參數(shù)必須加以考慮。”“that引導(dǎo)定語從句“must process，“technical是先行詞。Sensin

11、g Technology5.2 MicrothermocouplesSensing Technology5.2 Microthermocouples 5.2.1Specialized English Words semiconducting resister 半導(dǎo)體電阻半導(dǎo)體電阻thermocouple熱電偶熱電偶potentiometric temperature sensor電位型溫度傳感電位型溫度傳感器器open circuit voltage 開路電壓開路電壓thermoelectric power熱電勢，溫差電勢，熱電功率熱電勢，溫差電勢，熱電功率linear devices線性器件

12、，線性裝置線性器件，線性裝置full-scale operation 滿量程滿量程Sensing Technology silicon process 硅工藝加工，硅工藝 standard integrated circuit (IC) process 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)集成電路（ IC ）工藝 nonstandard materials 非標(biāo)準(zhǔn)材料 pt resistor鉑電阻 Thermistor熱敏電阻 Transistor晶體管 operating range測量范圍 Sensitivity靈敏度 doped silicon 摻雜硅Sensing Technology standard bipola

13、r process 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)雙極工藝 base resistor基極電阻 emitter resistor發(fā)射極電阻 epi-resistor外延電阻 TCR電阻溫度系數(shù) intrinsic semiconductor 本征半導(dǎo)體 inherent temperature sensitivity 固有的溫度敏感性 silicon diode 硅二極管 doping concentration 摻雜濃度Sensing Technology planar IC process 面集成電路工藝 conductance band 導(dǎo)帶 valence band 價(jià)帶 phonon drag term 聲子

14、曳引項(xiàng) carrier charge 載流子電荷 resistivity constant 電阻率常數(shù) boron 硼 theoretical voltage 理論電壓 Polysilicon多晶硅 n-type epilayer n型外延電阻Sensing Technology5.2.2 Notes Unlike the metal and semiconducting resisters, a thermocouple is a potentiometric temperature sensor in that an open circuit voltage VT appears when

15、 two different metals are joined together with the junction held at a temperature being sensed Ts and the other ends held at a reference temperature Tref. 此句是一個(gè)成分比較復(fù)雜的主從句結(jié)構(gòu)。主句是“a thermocouple is a potentiometric temperature sensor”，介詞短語“Unlike引導(dǎo)狀語“the metal and semiconducting resisters”“in that” （相當(dāng)

16、于“in which” ）引導(dǎo)原因狀語定語從句，修飾“temperature sensor” ?！皐hen” 引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句“two different metals are joined together with the junction held at a temperature being sensed Ts and the other ends held at a reference temperature Tr ” ，其中“held at a temperature being sensed Ts為過去分詞短語作定語，修飾“the junction” ，而“being sense

17、d Ts則是現(xiàn)在分詞短語被動(dòng)式作定語，修飾“temperature” ?！癮nd the other ends held at a reference temperature Tref.”中的“held at a reference temperature Tref. ”也是定語，修飾“the other ends” 。Sensing Technology Unlike the metal and semiconducting resisters, a thermocouple is a potentiometric temperature sensor in that an open cir

18、cuit voltage VT appears when two different metals are joined together with the junction held at a temperature being sensed Ts and the other ends held at a reference temperature Tref. 全句可譯為“與金屬和半導(dǎo)體電阻不同，熱電偶是一種電位型的溫度傳感器。當(dāng)兩種不同的金屬連接在一起，結(jié)點(diǎn)一端溫度為Ts，另一端為參考溫度Tref時(shí)，就會有開路電壓VT輸出?！盨ensing Technology The basic pri

19、nciple is known as the Seebeck effect in which the metal have a different thermoelectric power or Seebeck coefficient P; 句子可譯為“金屬具有不同的熱電勢或塞貝克系數(shù)P，稱為塞貝克效應(yīng)，它是熱電偶的基本工作原理”。 ，“in which” 引導(dǎo)定語從句“the metal have a different thermoelectric power or Seebeck coefficient P” ，修飾“the Seebeck effect” 。主句Sensing Tech

20、nology Typically，they can operate from -100 to +2000 with accuracy of between 1 and 3 percent for a full-scale operation (FSO). 句子可譯為“通常情況下，熱電偶的測量范圍為-100 2000 ，精度為滿量程的13 ” 。介詞短語“with accuracy of between 1 and 3 percent for a full-scale operation (FSO) ”做賓語補(bǔ)足語狀語。Sensing Technology The inclusion of no

21、nstandard materials ,during, for example, a CMOS process, which is intermediate CMOS, is generally regarded as highly undesirable and should be avoided if possible. 全句可譯為“在加工工藝中加入非標(biāo)準(zhǔn)材料，如在CMOS工藝中加入非標(biāo)準(zhǔn)材料，這稱為中間CMOS，被普遍認(rèn)為是極不可取并應(yīng)盡量避免的?！薄皐hich is intermediate CMOS” 是關(guān)系代詞，系“which引導(dǎo)的定語從句during, for example,

22、 a CMOS process” = “for example, during a CMOS process” 。Sensing Technology5.3 Pressure Microsensors 5.3.1 Specialized English Wordsbulk 塊，體，堆塊，體，堆micromachined 微型加工的微型加工的microaccelerometer sensors 微加速度傳感器微加速度傳感器gyrometer 陀螺測試儀，陀螺儀表陀螺測試儀，陀螺儀表piezoresistive sensor 壓阻傳感器壓阻傳感器deflection 應(yīng)變應(yīng)變strain gaug

23、es 應(yīng)變片應(yīng)變片diaphragm 振膜，隔膜，膜片振膜，隔膜，膜片membrane膜片，振片膜片，振片Sensing Technology piezoresistive coeffcient 壓阻常數(shù) piezo coeffcient 壓電系數(shù) pickup electrodes 信號電極 static deflection 靜荷載撓度，靜載撓度，靜變位 torsional oscillation扭轉(zhuǎn)振蕩 resonant frequency共振頻率 shuttle mass support 振梁 nonlinear resonator 非線性諧振器 linear oscillation

24、線性振蕩Sensing Technology piezoresistive pickup 壓阻傳感器 spring constant 彈簧系數(shù) hard spring 硬彈簧，硬質(zhì)彈簧 cross section 橫截面，橫切面，橫剖面 lateral 橫向 barometric pressure 氣壓，大氣壓，大氣壓力 microshuttle 微型壓力傳感器 silicon on insulator (SOI) 絕緣硅一種新型硅基集成電路材料的簡稱） exhaust gas recirculation 排氣再循環(huán)Sensing Technology fuel pressure 燃料壓力 a

25、ctive suspension hydraulics液壓主動(dòng)懸架 piezoresistors 壓敏電阻器 anodic bonding 陽極鍵合 glass support玻璃支 inlet hole 進(jìn)入孔 Pyrex硼硅酸玻璃 reference capacitors標(biāo)準(zhǔn)電容器 Oxide氧化物 boron 硼Sensing Technologyalignment key 對準(zhǔn)標(biāo)記substate wafer 次級硅片trench 溝 resonator 諧振器resonator wafer 諧振硅片 buried cavity 隱藏孔hole 孔evacuated cavity 真空

26、共振腔 glass frit 玻璃粉contact pad 觸板nitride 氮化物Sensing Technology5.3.2 Notes The two important silicon sensors are the pressure and microaccelerometer sensors , with substantial growth expected for gyrometers, which will be used for navigation. 全句可譯為“壓力傳感器和微加速度傳感器是兩種重要的硅傳感器，隨著陀螺儀需求的大量增長，這兩種傳感器將會用于導(dǎo)航領(lǐng)域”。

27、“which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句“will be used for navigation”，修飾“gyrometers”，“with substantial growth expected for gyrometers在句中作伴隨狀語，其中“expected for gyrometers為過去分詞短語，修飾“growth” 。Sensing Technology The piezoresistive constant （44） is typically +138.1pC/N and that makes measuring pressure in the range of 0 to 1 Mpa

28、 relatively straight forward. 此句可譯為“壓阻常數(shù)44的典型值為+138.1pC/N，這就保證了壓力測量值在的0到1Mpa范圍內(nèi)有相當(dāng)好的線性度?！本渲小癮nd引導(dǎo)兩個(gè)并列的句子。后句中的“that指代“The piezoresistive constant （44） is typically +138.1pC/N”Sensing Technology In this case, a capacitive bridge can be formed with two reference capacitors and the output voltage is rel

29、ated to the deflection of the membrane x and hence the applied pressure (P - P0). 此句可譯為“在這種配置下，電容橋由兩個(gè)參比電容組成，輸出電壓與振膜撓度x有關(guān)，因而與所施壓力 (P - P0) 有關(guān)?！?介詞短語“In this case作條件狀語“and連接兩個(gè)并列句子。Sensing Technology The dynamical equation that governs the behavior is a modified version of Equation (5.3.3) to include a

30、 tension term, which affects the effective spring constant Km. 此句可譯為“約束振蕩的動(dòng)6態(tài)方程是方程5.3.3的修正方程，增加了一個(gè)影響彈簧常數(shù)Km的張力項(xiàng)?！本渲小皐hich affects the effective spring constant Km是“which引導(dǎo)的定語從句，指代前面的句子，修飾“a tension term”“that引導(dǎo)主定語從句修飾“the dynamical equation” 。Sensing Technology As costs are driven down, the move towa

31、rd piezoresistive polysilicon is desirable but creates some stability and precision issues. 此句可譯為“由于成本的降低，壓阻式多晶硅變得更加符合需要，但隨之也帶來了一些穩(wěn)定性和精確性方面的問題。” “As costs are driven down為原因狀語從句，主句有兩個(gè)并列的動(dòng)詞“is和“creates” 。Sensing Technology5.4 QProx QT113 Charge-Transfer Touch Sensor(1)5.4.2 Specialized English Wordsc

32、harge-transfer(QT) 電荷轉(zhuǎn)移電荷轉(zhuǎn)移project 投射投射proximity field 接近路接近路consensus filter 協(xié)同濾波器協(xié)同濾波器noise immunity 抗干擾性抗干擾性autocal = auto calibrate自動(dòng)校正，自動(dòng)標(biāo)定自動(dòng)校正，自動(dòng)標(biāo)定toggle mode 切換方式切換方式strap option 搭接選擇，接線選搭接選擇，接線選擇擇lead-free package 無鉛封裝無鉛封裝Sensing Technology appliance control 家電控制 access systems 接入系統(tǒng)，接入技術(shù) pro

33、x sensors 接近傳感器，接近開關(guān) pointing device 指點(diǎn)裝置，定位裝置 consume devices 消費(fèi)設(shè)備 self-contained 獨(dú)立的，自給的 Dielectric絕緣的，（電介質(zhì) Ceramic 陶瓷 metal-bearing合金屬的Sensing Technology burst 脈沖串） Electrode電極 TA 即TAPP，纖薄陣列塑料封裝Thin Array Plastic Package之略 ) SOIC 小輸出線封裝(Small Outline IC之略) DIP 雙列直插式封裝Dual ln-line Package之略） nor-c

34、ritical 不挑剔的，要求不高的 RF emissions 射頻輻射RF為radio frequency之略） Susceptibility 敏感性，可感性Sensing Technology EMI 電磁干擾Electro Magnetic Interference之略） consecutive 一致的 single-slope 單斜坡 ADC 模數(shù)轉(zhuǎn)換部件）（Analog Digital Conversion） stray capacitance 雜散電容，分布電容 Trace引線 copper pours （印刷電路板上敷銅 ESD 靜電放電Electrostatic dischar

35、ge之略）Sensing Technology sparse 稀疏的 mesh 網(wǎng)狀物） by implication 其實(shí) tenuous 脆弱的，微弱的 ample 足夠的，豐裕的 PCB 印刷電路板Printed Circuit board之略） wind繞組 core （鐵芯 picofarad 微微法拉），皮發(fā)拉）Sensing Technology5.4.3 Notes HeartBeat 這里TM為Trade Mark 之略，“注冊商標(biāo)之意，表示HeartBeat是一注冊商標(biāo)，受產(chǎn)權(quán)保護(hù)。 Sensing TechnologySensitivity is related to e

36、lectrode surface area, orientation with respect to the object being sensed, object composition, and the ground coupling quality of both the sensor circuit and the sensed object. 這是一個(gè)簡單句，“is related to后有多個(gè)介詞賓語。注意其中“the object being sensed和“the sensed object” ，前者為現(xiàn)在分詞短語作后置定語，后者為過去分詞作前置定語，意思完全相同。全句可譯為“

37、靈敏度和電極表面面積、感應(yīng)對象的朝向、材質(zhì)以及感應(yīng)電路和感應(yīng)對象兩者對地的耦合質(zhì)量等有關(guān)?！盨ensing Technology This law as applied to capacitive sensing requires that the sensors field current must complete a loop, returning back to its source in order for capacitance to be sensed. 全句可譯為“用于電容傳感時(shí)，該定律要求傳感器的場電流必須構(gòu)成一個(gè)回路，最后返回源頭，才能感應(yīng)到被測電容?！?“that引起的賓

38、語從句中“in order to后接的不定式動(dòng)詞原形因?yàn)檫壿嬛髡Z“（for） capacitor” ，而變成被動(dòng)語態(tài)“(to) be sensed了?！癮s applied to capacitive sensing是主句的狀語，可看成是狀語從句“as it is applied.”的省略。Sensing Technology5.5 QProx QT113 Charge-Transfer Touch Sensor(II) 5.5.2 Specialized English Wordsmetallized housing （鍍金屬外殼（鍍金屬外殼crumple into 弄皺弄皺fringe f

39、ields 散射電場，干擾電場散射電場，干擾電場lateral 橫向的，側(cè)面的橫向的，側(cè)面的inadvertent 無意的，偶然的無意的，偶然的diminishing returns 得不償失得不償失trade-off權(quán)衡，折中權(quán)衡，折中propagate 傳播，繁殖傳播，繁殖adverse 不利的，有害的不利的，有害的Sensing Technologysurvivability 生存能力legitimate 合理的，正當(dāng)?shù)模戏ǖ膕lew-rate轉(zhuǎn)換斜率，邊沿斜率， threshold 門檻，閥值，臨界值hysteresis 滯后，延滯asymmetric 不對稱的obstruction

40、 堵塞物），阻擋物）elevated升高的，高貴的suppress 抑制，排除，鎮(zhèn)壓brushes輕擦，擦過successive 連續(xù)的，逐次的Sensing Technologysurvivability 生存能力legitimate 合理的，正當(dāng)?shù)?，合法的slew-rate轉(zhuǎn)換斜率，邊沿斜率， threshold 門檻，閥值，臨界值hysteresis 滯后，延滯asymmetric 不對稱的obstruction 堵塞物），阻擋物）elevated升高的，高貴的suppress 抑制，排除，鎮(zhèn)壓brushes輕擦，擦過successive 連續(xù)的，逐次的Sensing Technology5.5.3 NotesThe human body naturally has several hundred picofarads of free space capacitance to the local environment (Cx3 in Figure 1-3), which is more than two orders of magnitude greater than that required to create a return path to the QT113 via earth. 全句意為“人體自然而然地會和周邊環(huán)境產(chǎn)生出一個(gè)幾百個(gè)微微法的自由空間電容圖1.3中