pets 2級(jí)作文指導(dǎo)2017版.docx

1、作文作文大綱該部分由第一、二兩節(jié)組成，考查考生的書面表達(dá)能力。第一節(jié)：要求考生根據(jù)題目要求，將所給對(duì)話（200詞左右）改寫為一篇80詞左右的短文。短文與對(duì)話相關(guān)內(nèi)容意義相符，涵蓋其要點(diǎn)。要求考生用自己的語(yǔ)言表達(dá)，可改寫對(duì)話中的句子，但不可照抄原句。短文為記敘文或說(shuō)明文。第二節(jié)：要求考生根據(jù)所給情景，寫一篇80詞左右的信函、便簽等。情景包括目的、對(duì)象、時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、內(nèi)容等；提供情景的形式有圖畫、圖表、提綱等。第一節(jié)寫作 改寫對(duì)話例.閱讀下面的對(duì)話，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇有關(guān)背包客backpackers的說(shuō)明文。要求：1.所寫短文應(yīng)與對(duì)話相關(guān)內(nèi)容意義相符，涵蓋其要點(diǎn)。2.用你自己的語(yǔ)言來(lái)表達(dá)，可以改寫對(duì)話

2、中的句子，但不可以照抄原句。注意：詞數(shù)80詞左右。Tom：I know you travel a lot.Have you ever met any backpackers?Alice：Yes，I have.Tom：Some tourists call themselves backpackers while others dont.But what exactly is a backpacker?Alice：It just means people who travel around in a backpack.I used to do that when l was younger.Tom

3、：Really?Are backpackers all young people?Alice：N0，they are of different ages，old and young，male and female.But the majority of them are young people.They would like to go out and see the world before they go to college，or settle down.Tom：Some backpackers think they are somehow different from other t

4、ourists.They would say，“Im not a tourist，Im a traveler”，0r“Im not a tourist，Im a backpacker”.What do you think?Alice：Some backpackers strongly identify themselves as a community other than tourists，and think they are better than tourists in some way.They would go to a place and only talk to other ba

5、ckpackers.But Im not really sure I can agree with that.Tom：which country are backpackers from，the United States?Alice：They are of different nationality.But people in some countries，say，Canada，do love to travel beRer.Tom：Well，good luck with your next travel!Alice：Thanks!參考答案：第一節(jié)改寫對(duì)話Generally speaking

6、, backpackers are tourists travelling with a backpack. There are backpackers of different ages and,different countries. And young people makes up the majority because they have a strong sense of curiosity about the world and would like to see more. Some of them have a strong sense of community and s

7、ee themselves as different from other tourists. Some even look down upon other tourists and tend to communicate inside their own group while travelling, but this is not true of all backpackers.寫作指導(dǎo)本對(duì)話討論的是背包客“backpackers”。在理解對(duì)話的基礎(chǔ)上，要學(xué)會(huì)提取、歸納并將原文的相關(guān)信息重新表達(dá)出來(lái)。最好先簡(jiǎn)單下個(gè)定義，然后根據(jù)對(duì)話中談到的背包客的年齡、性別、國(guó)家進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)單描述。最后再將對(duì)話

8、中提到的背包客的特點(diǎn)提出來(lái)，即他們希望將自己區(qū)別于其他游客。一. 對(duì)話改寫技巧：（說(shuō)明文）1. 先確定定義2. 再根據(jù)對(duì)話中涉及到有關(guān)定義對(duì)象（如背包客這個(gè)名字）的特點(diǎn)，比如，性別，年齡，國(guó)家等進(jìn)行描述。3. 對(duì)文中出現(xiàn)的其他特點(diǎn)進(jìn)行描述時(shí)注意動(dòng)詞的形式。 I You We They 都用動(dòng)詞原形 like hate eat drink 等He She It 都改寫 likes has hates 等4. 描述一個(gè)名詞（博物館介紹， 背包客介紹）時(shí)態(tài)一般用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)（見(jiàn)模13等） 5. 不要遺漏相關(guān)重要信息，不要添加不在文章出現(xiàn)自己描述的語(yǔ)句，在不理解文中意思進(jìn)行改寫時(shí)，可以將邏輯順序變換一下

9、，調(diào)整原文結(jié)構(gòu)，利用 so that， since， however， otherwise等關(guān)聯(lián)詞。二. 記敘文1. 對(duì)總的事件進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)單描述。（事件 地點(diǎn) 人物）2. 再根據(jù)對(duì)話中涉及到有關(guān)詳細(xì)事件情況和相關(guān)的人物等進(jìn)行描述，一般記敘文的主要事項(xiàng)：事件或事件發(fā)生的來(lái)龍去脈，情節(jié)，背景，原因及解決辦法。3. 描述一件過(guò)去發(fā)生的事情一般都用過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)（見(jiàn)模擬卷2）4. 同上面第5條寫作第二節(jié)（一）書寫要點(diǎn)1確定寫作內(nèi)容由于二級(jí)的作文相對(duì)比較簡(jiǎn)單，所以寫作內(nèi)容的確定也就相對(duì)比較容易。只要考生抓住題目當(dāng)中的有用信息就不會(huì)跑題。在閱讀題目指示時(shí)，要開(kāi)動(dòng)腦筋，首先找出包含在情景和任務(wù)中的幾點(diǎn)信息（通常為四點(diǎn)

10、）,根據(jù)這些信息來(lái)安排內(nèi)容，確定主題，動(dòng)手寫作。 2控制字?jǐn)?shù) 二級(jí)考試其試卷中明確規(guī)定作文的字?jǐn)?shù)為80個(gè)單詞左右，大綱中的評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中提到只要內(nèi)容緊扣情景和任務(wù)中已給出的信息，不寫與主題無(wú)關(guān)的話，每一個(gè)要點(diǎn)用一句話表述清楚。 3保持卷面整潔 大綱中的評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中明確指出“如書寫較差，以致影響交際，將分?jǐn)?shù)降低一個(gè)檔次。”所以，在書寫的過(guò)程中，最好先打腹稿，以免下筆后再涂改，造成卷面的臟亂。平時(shí)也要養(yǎng)成良好的書寫習(xí)慣。否則，因?yàn)闀鴮憜?wèn)題而降低作文的檔次，就很可惜了。 4檢查 寫完后，還需要以讀者和閱卷人的眼光，將文章審讀一遍，找出在寫作過(guò)程中產(chǎn)生的一些問(wèn)題，如單詞的拼寫錯(cuò)誤、詞組搭配錯(cuò)誤和句子的語(yǔ)法結(jié)

11、構(gòu)錯(cuò)誤等，以及寫出的東西是否達(dá)到了題目的要求，是否表達(dá)出了自己想要表達(dá)的內(nèi)容。 例題1：Tom來(lái)北京跟你一起度暑假，住在你家。今天下午，你有事外出。出門時(shí)，他還在睡覺(jué)。 任務(wù)：請(qǐng)你用英語(yǔ)給他寫一張80字左右的便條。告訴他： 在家里可以干什么； 你中午何時(shí)回來(lái)； 提醒他下午有何安排。 該題除了“在家里可以干什么。你中午何時(shí)回來(lái)。提醒他下午有何安排?！边@三點(diǎn)之外，還要加上一點(diǎn)，即今天上午，你有事外出。這一點(diǎn)包含在情景當(dāng)中。 下面給出該題的范文： Dear Tom, I have to go out this morning.(交代了今天上午，你有事外出。)You can read some sto

12、ry books or walk around the area.(告訴了他在家里可以干什么。)Ill come back at about 11:30.(說(shuō)明你中午何時(shí)回來(lái)。)After dinner, well go to the Beijing Zoo.(提醒他下午有何安排。)XX（二）實(shí)用文體1.英文信函在寫信時(shí)注意以下幾點(diǎn)：a.地址要由小到大。b.朋友間的信函無(wú)需加上寫信人地址和收信人地址。c.稱呼語(yǔ)用Dear+姓（正式），Dear+名（朋友間）。非常隨便的信件可直呼其名。d.結(jié)尾語(yǔ)或結(jié)束語(yǔ)可根據(jù)實(shí)際情況用：Looking forward to hearing from you.Lo

13、oking forward to seeing you.（With）best wishesregards！All the best！Good Luck！Give my best wishesregards to！e.落款也分正式與非正式兩種：正式：“Yours sincerely，”、“Yours faithfully， ”或“Sincerely yours，”、“Faithfully yours. ”非正式，朋友間等：“Love， ”或者“Yours ever， ”f.簽名也視寫信人與收信人的關(guān)系而定，一般與稱呼一致。如稱呼用名，寫信人的簽名也用名。g.寫信時(shí)間可用月、日、年格式或年、月、日

14、格式。英文信函按其功用不同又可分為邀請(qǐng)信，對(duì)邀請(qǐng)信的復(fù)信，感謝信，介紹信，求職信等等，下面分別舉例說(shuō)明。（1）邀請(qǐng)信寫邀請(qǐng)信要用上一些發(fā)出邀請(qǐng)的短語(yǔ)和句型：CanCould you come to？We would be very happy if you could join us.It would be very nice to see you here with us.（2）復(fù)信在接到邀請(qǐng)后，可以回信接受或拒絕。不管是否接受，都要先表示感謝邀請(qǐng)。若接受，應(yīng)表明自己很高興參加該項(xiàng)活動(dòng)；若拒絕，要婉轉(zhuǎn)地拒絕并寫出拒絕原因。最后還要祝愿活動(dòng)成功。在拒絕邀請(qǐng)時(shí)要使用婉轉(zhuǎn)的語(yǔ)言，可用下列表達(dá)方式：

15、Id love to come，but I cant becauseIm terribly sorry I cannot come tofor Im goingIm afraid I will not be able tobecause（3）感謝信感謝信可分為感謝饋贈(zèng)、款待、送行、探病、幫助等。寫感謝信一定要先交待為何要感謝對(duì)方。（4）（自我）介紹信寫介紹信時(shí)，先寫出寫介紹信的目的，然后再開(kāi)始介紹年齡學(xué)習(xí)（工作）、生活、愛(ài)好等，結(jié)尾寫上作者的希望及感情。介紹情況時(shí)，用過(guò)去時(shí)介紹以前的事情，用現(xiàn)在時(shí)介紹目前的事。（5）求職信寫作要領(lǐng)：a.求職信屬公務(wù)函體，格式用詞都較正規(guī)。b.信的內(nèi)容一般分三部

16、分：寫信目的，自我介紹和要求。c.寫信目的直接了當(dāng)在信的開(kāi)始就提出來(lái)。如，從報(bào)紙上或廣告中了解到您單位招聘什么職務(wù)的人員，自己認(rèn)為適合做這項(xiàng)工作，愿意應(yīng)聘等。d.自我介紹主要介紹自己的學(xué)歷，工作經(jīng)驗(yàn)，工作能力等。行文措詞上要表現(xiàn)出自信、懇切的態(tài)度，語(yǔ)言要簡(jiǎn)明扼要，突出介紹自己的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，與眾不同的特長(zhǎng)或有利條件。當(dāng)然，還要緊扣用人單位的要求，巧用詞語(yǔ)，自我推銷。e.最后提出進(jìn)一步聯(lián)系的途徑，如會(huì)面時(shí)間，地點(diǎn)或資歷咨詢等，主動(dòng)提出接受面試或考核。2.英文便條便條格式與書信類似，但稱呼不用加客套語(yǔ)dear，除非對(duì)年長(zhǎng)者，結(jié)尾直接署上自己的名字。請(qǐng)假條也屬便條范圍。3.英文通知a.通知內(nèi)容與便條相似。通

17、知形式有書面通知和口頭通知，寫通知時(shí)只要將通知內(nèi)容按層次有步驟地交待清楚便行。如果通知事項(xiàng)不止一件，可用first，second，third，then等詞將事件一一列出。b.口頭通知：口頭通知開(kāi)頭可用：Dear Parents（開(kāi)家長(zhǎng)會(huì)時(shí)可用）Fellow students/Boys and girlsLadies and gentlemen然后再寫上May I have your attention，please？ I have an announcement to make.Heres an announcement，please listen to me.Attention please

18、.Following is an announcement.結(jié)束語(yǔ)：Thats all.Thank you.4.講演、致辭a.講演有幾種形式，如發(fā)表演說(shuō)，導(dǎo)游介紹，內(nèi)容包括提供或傳遞信息。這類文章一般分三步寫：招呼聽(tīng)眾，簡(jiǎn)略介紹所要講的問(wèn)題；陳述基本情況；最后作結(jié)束語(yǔ)。5.啟事a.啟事有遺失啟事和招領(lǐng)啟事。b.遺失啟事Lost作標(biāo)題放在啟事的上方正中。在Lost的右下角寫出遺失啟事的時(shí)間。啟事正文包括遺失物品遺失時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)，以及若有人發(fā)現(xiàn)，遺失物品應(yīng)送交的人和地點(diǎn)。啟事正文右方寫上失主姓名。c.招領(lǐng)啟事以Found作為標(biāo)題放在啟事上方正中。在Found的右下角處寫上招領(lǐng)啟事的時(shí)間。啟事的正文包

19、括招領(lǐng)物品、拾物時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)，及丟失者認(rèn)領(lǐng)失物的地點(diǎn)。啟事正文的右下角寫上登啟事的單位。（三）熟悉英語(yǔ)中的五種基本句型，并時(shí)常用基礎(chǔ)詞匯造句。五種基本句型：主語(yǔ)+連系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ)e.g. She is a student. 她是個(gè)學(xué)生。The cup is on the desk. 茶杯在桌上。The orange tastes good. 這個(gè)橘子嘗起來(lái)味道很好。主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)e.g. They run every morning. 他們每天早上都跑步。We work hard. 我們努力工作。She goes on foot. 她步行去。注：這里的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是不及物動(dòng)詞，不帶賓語(yǔ)。 主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)

20、e.g. She has had her breakfast. 她已經(jīng)吃完了她的早餐。That wolf ate a sheep. 那匹狼吃掉了一頭綿羊。We will have an English evening. 我們將開(kāi)一個(gè)英語(yǔ)晚會(huì)。 主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+間接賓語(yǔ)+直接賓語(yǔ)（有些及物動(dòng)詞可以接兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)。一般情況下，都是人為間接賓語(yǔ)，事物為直接賓語(yǔ)。間接賓語(yǔ)一般都放在直接賓語(yǔ)的前面；如果直接賓語(yǔ)在前的話，則直接賓語(yǔ)和間接賓語(yǔ)之間往往需要用to 或 for 相連接。e.g. Mary gives me a pen. （Mary gives a pen to me.）瑪麗給我一支筆。I bought

21、 my mother some flowers.（ I bought some flowers for my mother.） 我給我媽媽買了一些花。They sent him a letter. （They sent a letter to him.）他們給他寄了一份信。 主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)（英語(yǔ)中有些及物動(dòng)詞的直接賓語(yǔ)后面就要求加一個(gè)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，只有這樣句子的意思才能夠完整。在語(yǔ)法上，我們常將賓語(yǔ)和它的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)合在一起叫復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)，他們?cè)谶壿嬌嫌兄髦^關(guān)系。）e.g. Johnson wanted me to come back. 約翰遜想我回來(lái)。We'll make our

22、hometown more beautiful. 我們將能使我們的家鄉(xiāng)更美麗。My classmates all elected me our monitor.我的同班同學(xué)都選舉我當(dāng)我們班的班長(zhǎng)。（四）九類書信格式范文1. Notice(注意時(shí)間！)July 28, 2008Our company will have a meeting about energy program, in the Meeting Hall of Office Building, at2:00, August 7th, Thursday afternoon. All of department heads will

23、 take part in it, as well as some laborer representatives, At the meeting, each participant is required to hand in a written proposal and then give a personal speech to come up with ideas or suggestions for the energy program and future development of our company.The Manager Office Notice(注意時(shí)間！)July

24、 3, 2008Our school has decided to hold the Volunteer's Pledge-making Campaign in the basketball court in the gym at2:30p.m. On July 5th .every volunteer must be present to his campaign in the uniform. We are requested to make a vow to contribute to the Olympic. The president of our school will a

25、lso attended the campaign and will give a speech .Finally, there will be songs for the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games sung by all the Volunteers. Every volunteer must be on time on that dayxx university2 邀請(qǐng)信 invitation(注意時(shí)間！)July 28, 2008Dear Mr.ChapmanOn behalf of the Board Of Dalian Daxin Chemicals Co

26、rporation, I am extending to you our formal invitation to visit our corporation on its tenth anniversary to be celebrated from August1 to3. At the same time we plan to arrange a meeting between you and the general manager of DDCC, for a talk about our cooperation in the coming year.We hope you will

27、accept our invitation and look forward to seeing you in china.Yours faithfully,Wang Xia3.征文Dear friends，I am li Hua, I will soon graduate from university and I have made up my mind to go to England to further my education, before going to England, I hope to find a languages partner to practice me or

28、al English. And a foreign student whose native language is English as my partner is preferred it is better that he or she has some teaching experience, so that I can learn some other knowledge while practicing English.In return, I can teach him or her Chinese. I have a lot of Chinese learning and te

29、aching experienceI hope that we can exchange experience and learn from each other early reply is appreciated.Yours faithfully,Wang Xia4.申請(qǐng)信Dear sir，I am Wang Xia, a junior majoring in computer science, Next Summer I will graduate. I wish to go to the United States for further studies .Three reasons

30、can explain my choice, firstly, it is vital for me to get an advanced education or training in my major .secondly ,I will learn new language with which I can refer to technical literature. Thirdly I will know the culture, by seeing the world, I will widen my horizon.If you consider me a viable candi

31、date for your graduate program, please send me the appropriate forms to apply for admission. I will appreciate your reply at you earliest convenienceYours faithfully,Wang Xia5.留言條Dear Dave，I came here to invite to you visit the Exhibition of Chinese paintings, but you happened to be out. The exhibit

32、ion is from the 8th to 18th this month(表示時(shí)間維持的表達(dá)方式) in the Art Museum and famous paintings through the ages will be exhibited there. It will be very attractive, if it is convenience, Ill pick you up at your home at8 Oclock on the 8th of this month.Please contact me with a call as soon as possible.Yo

33、urs faithfully,Wang Xia6.推薦信Dear Mr. BrownI'd like to introduce my friend to you, Mr. Wang Lin, who is going to apply for a position in your firm.He graduated from college three years ago and has worked as a lawyer ever since, he is good at English, he works hard and is careful in everything. He is honest, kind and easy to get on well with. He lives at No.148 Renmin Road,Chongqing City.(地點(diǎn)表達(dá)方式)His telephone number ishe shows great interested in your firm. If he is accepted, he will do his be