中考英語 幾種容易混淆的時(shí)態(tài)比較素材

1、幾種容易混淆的時(shí)態(tài)比較一、一般過去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法比較。 1.“一般過去時(shí)”所關(guān)心的是過去之事,與現(xiàn)在無聯(lián)系，常帶有表示過去某個(gè)時(shí)間的狀語；現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)所關(guān)心的是過去發(fā)生的事，與現(xiàn)在有影響和聯(lián)系，對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生某種結(jié)果；現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)過去與現(xiàn)在的聯(lián)系，語句譯成漢語后常常帶有“已經(jīng)了”或“了”的含義。 .I _(lose) my pen.Can you lend me yours? .Why don't you buy one? .It _(fall) into the river only a moment ago when I washed my hands. Now I've

2、 got to fill in a form with a pen.2.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與for或since引起的短語連用時(shí)，表達(dá)從過去開始的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)延續(xù)至今，而一般過去時(shí)與“for一段時(shí)間”連用時(shí)，只指過去的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)在過去延續(xù)了多長時(shí)間。 We_(stay) here for three weeks. I think we are going to stay another two weeks. （說話時(shí)人還在） He _(stay) here for three weeks last year. （并不表示現(xiàn)在是否在）3.一般過去時(shí)帶有表示過去某時(shí)刻的時(shí)間狀態(tài)，如yesterday,last

3、 year(month,week,night)，in 1980 eg. When _you_ (come)? I _(come) the day before yesterday.4.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)所帶時(shí)間狀語包含說話時(shí)在內(nèi),如today,this week(month,year),these days(years)或與說話時(shí)非常接近，如recently,just,in(during) the past three years。 eg.I_(learn) over three hundred words this year. Great changes _( take) place in the

4、last ten years.1.Oh,what_(happen)?Why is there so much blood on the playground? Your father _(kill) a cock just now. 2.I'm so glad that you _(make) such good progrcess this term. 3.I saw an Englishman on my way home. _ you _(talk) to him? No.He was speaking to a policeman.4.Last year I went to s

5、tudy medicine in a university in Japan. How long _ you _(study) there? 5.Being very angry,he _(beat) the table and _(say) some rude words.二、一般過去式與過去完成時(shí)的區(qū)別。1.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示過去某一時(shí)間內(nèi)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，而過去完成時(shí)則表示過去某一動(dòng)作或時(shí)間之前發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。 一般過去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在相比，強(qiáng)調(diào)“過去”，而過去完成時(shí)則與過去相比，強(qiáng)調(diào)“過去的過去”。 我們來比較下列句子： The meeting _(start) at six o&#

6、39;clock. start的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在at six o'clock。 The meeting _( start) when we arrived at the hall. start的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去的動(dòng)作arrived之前。 2.過去完成時(shí)可表示過去某個(gè)時(shí)間之前開始的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的延續(xù)，與since或for引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語連用。 He _( work) in the month for ten years before he came to our school. 本句中 work 的工作狀態(tài)延續(xù)了ten years，直到before he came to our school為止。

7、He _( be ) ill for weeks when he asked for sick leave. She told me she always_( work in the countryside since she graduated from a college.本句中 work in the countryside的工作狀態(tài)自graduated from a college開始，一直延續(xù)至she told me的時(shí)候。3.在一段情景連貫的文字中，先發(fā)生的事放在后面敘述時(shí)，要用過去完成時(shí)。 She felt helpless,not knowing what to do. Her

8、 husband _( die ) and left her no money.她覺得孤立無援，不知所措，她丈夫去世了，沒留給她財(cái)產(chǎn)。 在本句中，she felt helpless發(fā)生在過去，而 die 則發(fā)生在felt helpless之前。4.表示過去未實(shí)現(xiàn)的希望、計(jì)劃、打算或原本的想法時(shí)用過去完成時(shí)。常用的動(dòng)詞有think,suppose,hope,want,expect,plan等。 I _(think) he had died.我原以為他已死了。 They _(want) to catch the first bus,but they didn't get up early

9、enough. 他們本想趕頭班車，但起得不夠早。5.在賓語從句中，所敘述之事雖發(fā)生于主動(dòng)詞之前，但從句中有一個(gè)確定的表示過去的時(shí)間狀語時(shí)或敘述的是歷史事實(shí)時(shí)，從句中時(shí)態(tài)用一般過去時(shí)。 The teacher said that Columbus _(discover) America in 1492. 老師說哥倫布在1492年發(fā)現(xiàn)了美洲。 句中的discovered發(fā)生在said之前，但不用過去完成時(shí)had discovered。6.敘述過去發(fā)生的一連串的動(dòng)作或事件用and或but連接時(shí)，用一般過去時(shí)。 He _(get) up, _(dress) himself and then _(go)

10、 downstairs to have breakfast. 他起身穿好衣服，然后就下樓吃早飯。He _(buy) a volleyball but later _(lose) it.7.當(dāng)主動(dòng)詞與賓語從句中謂語動(dòng)詞同時(shí)發(fā)生時(shí)，從句謂語動(dòng)詞用一般過去時(shí)或過去進(jìn)行時(shí)。 He said he _( know )several languages. 他說他懂好幾門外語。 He was not sure what they _( do ) at that time.三、關(guān)于動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)的若干注意點(diǎn)： 、終止性動(dòng)詞與其意義對(duì)應(yīng)的狀態(tài)性短語在時(shí)態(tài)上的異同點(diǎn)。 A.用終止性動(dòng)詞表示到說話時(shí)已完成的動(dòng)作時(shí)，須用完

11、成時(shí)；用狀態(tài)性動(dòng)詞時(shí)，則用一般時(shí)。 1)He has fallen ill.He is ill. 他病了。 2)She said she had caught a bad cold and needed a rest. She said she had a bad cold and needed a rest. 她說她重感冒了需要休息。 在第一個(gè)例子中，fall ill表示動(dòng)作,用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示“已病倒了”,be ill表示狀態(tài)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，表示說話處于生病狀態(tài)。 在第二個(gè)例子中，catch a cold表示動(dòng)作，用過去完成時(shí)表示“已染上感冒”，have a cold表示狀態(tài)，用一般過去時(shí)表示

12、當(dāng)時(shí)已處于患感冒的狀態(tài)。 3)He has got married.He is married. 4)They have left.They are away. 5)He has got used to the life here.He is used to the life here. B.終止性動(dòng)詞用于完成時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)，不表示延續(xù)概念，不能跟表示延續(xù)概念的fora period of time的時(shí)間狀態(tài)連用，而與其意義對(duì)應(yīng)的狀態(tài)性短語則可以。 1.He has died.他已死了。(Right) 2.He has died for serveral years.他死了好幾年了。(wrong) 說

13、明:在上述句子中,die是終止性動(dòng)詞，die的動(dòng)作不能延續(xù)，而for several years則表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)繼續(xù)了好幾年。因此，第二個(gè)句子是錯(cuò)誤的。要表示第二個(gè)句子的概念可用表示狀態(tài)的be dead來表示，即： 3.He has been dead for several years.或4.He died several years ago.或5.It is several years since he died.下面是常見的終止性動(dòng)詞及其意義對(duì)應(yīng)的狀態(tài)性短語。 終止性動(dòng)詞 狀態(tài)性短語 come(arrive) here be here go(get) out be out go/leav

14、e/move be away/off become a member be a member join an organization be in an organization start be on end be over return/come(go) back be back fall asleep/go to sleep be asleep1.    他已出去了。他出去了好幾個(gè)小時(shí)了。2.他已睡著了。睡著了好一會(huì)兒了。、make sure/be sure表示“采取措施以保證”之意時(shí)，從句中的時(shí)態(tài)用一般時(shí)或完成時(shí)。1.)Make sure that you

15、 _(turn) off the light when you leave.離開時(shí)務(wù)必關(guān)燈。2.)Make sure that you _(finish) the work before six.務(wù)必在六點(diǎn)前結(jié)束工作。3.)The hunter held his hand tightly to be sure that he didn't bow,either.那位獵人緊握他兒子的手，以使他也不低頭鞠躬。、在時(shí)間狀語或條件狀語從句中，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示一般將來時(shí)，一般過去時(shí)或過去完成時(shí)表示過去將來時(shí)。1.)Tell him about that when he _(come)

16、.2.)His daughter won't go to bed until she _(finish) her homework.3.)We would get into trouble as soon as the gas _( run ) out.1.At one time,many people _ to Shenzhen to find chances. At the time buildings _ up everywhere in the area. A.had gone;had gone B.were going;have gone C.have gone;went D

17、.went;were going2."I _ you _ what I've told you to buy"said Mrs Green.A.hoped;won't forget B.hope;wouldn't have forgottenC.hope;won't forget D.had hoped;wouldn't forget3.I _ that he _ to Shanghai when I got home. A.told;had gone B.was told;had gone C.was heard;went D.to

18、ld;had been4.I had wanted to go to the party,but _. A.I'm not invited B.they haven't invited me C.I was not invited D.I will not be invited5.Do you remember how we _ our now English teacher? Yes.We had a party in his honour. A.welcome B.welcomed C.will welcome D.have welcome6.So glad you are back.How long _ you _ there? Three weeks and I had a good time. A.had;been B.had;stayed C.did