中考英語 幾種容易混淆的時態(tài)比較素材

1、幾種容易混淆的時態(tài)比較一、一般過去時與現(xiàn)在完成時的用法比較。 1.“一般過去時”所關(guān)心的是過去之事,與現(xiàn)在無聯(lián)系，常帶有表示過去某個時間的狀語；現(xiàn)在完成時所關(guān)心的是過去發(fā)生的事，與現(xiàn)在有影響和聯(lián)系，對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生某種結(jié)果；現(xiàn)在完成時強調(diào)過去與現(xiàn)在的聯(lián)系，語句譯成漢語后常常帶有“已經(jīng)了”或“了”的含義。 .I _(lose) my pen.Can you lend me yours? .Why don't you buy one? .It _(fall) into the river only a moment ago when I washed my hands. Now I've

2、 got to fill in a form with a pen.2.現(xiàn)在完成時與for或since引起的短語連用時，表達從過去開始的動作或狀態(tài)延續(xù)至今，而一般過去時與“for一段時間”連用時，只指過去的動作或狀態(tài)在過去延續(xù)了多長時間。 We_(stay) here for three weeks. I think we are going to stay another two weeks. （說話時人還在） He _(stay) here for three weeks last year. （并不表示現(xiàn)在是否在）3.一般過去時帶有表示過去某時刻的時間狀態(tài)，如yesterday,last

3、 year(month,week,night)，in 1980 eg. When _you_ (come)? I _(come) the day before yesterday.4.現(xiàn)在完成時所帶時間狀語包含說話時在內(nèi),如today,this week(month,year),these days(years)或與說話時非常接近，如recently,just,in(during) the past three years。 eg.I_(learn) over three hundred words this year. Great changes _( take) place in the

4、last ten years.1.Oh,what_(happen)?Why is there so much blood on the playground? Your father _(kill) a cock just now. 2.I'm so glad that you _(make) such good progrcess this term. 3.I saw an Englishman on my way home. _ you _(talk) to him? No.He was speaking to a policeman.4.Last year I went to s

5、tudy medicine in a university in Japan. How long _ you _(study) there? 5.Being very angry,he _(beat) the table and _(say) some rude words.二、一般過去式與過去完成時的區(qū)別。1.一般現(xiàn)在時表示過去某一時間內(nèi)發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，而過去完成時則表示過去某一動作或時間之前發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。 一般過去時與現(xiàn)在相比，強調(diào)“過去”，而過去完成時則與過去相比，強調(diào)“過去的過去”。 我們來比較下列句子： The meeting _(start) at six o&#

6、39;clock. start的動作發(fā)生在at six o'clock。 The meeting _( start) when we arrived at the hall. start的動作發(fā)生在過去的動作arrived之前。 2.過去完成時可表示過去某個時間之前開始的動作或狀態(tài)的延續(xù)，與since或for引導的時間狀語連用。 He _( work) in the month for ten years before he came to our school. 本句中 work 的工作狀態(tài)延續(xù)了ten years，直到before he came to our school為止。

7、He _( be ) ill for weeks when he asked for sick leave. She told me she always_( work in the countryside since she graduated from a college.本句中 work in the countryside的工作狀態(tài)自graduated from a college開始，一直延續(xù)至she told me的時候。3.在一段情景連貫的文字中，先發(fā)生的事放在后面敘述時，要用過去完成時。 She felt helpless,not knowing what to do. Her

8、 husband _( die ) and left her no money.她覺得孤立無援，不知所措，她丈夫去世了，沒留給她財產(chǎn)。 在本句中，she felt helpless發(fā)生在過去，而 die 則發(fā)生在felt helpless之前。4.表示過去未實現(xiàn)的希望、計劃、打算或原本的想法時用過去完成時。常用的動詞有think,suppose,hope,want,expect,plan等。 I _(think) he had died.我原以為他已死了。 They _(want) to catch the first bus,but they didn't get up early

9、enough. 他們本想趕頭班車，但起得不夠早。5.在賓語從句中，所敘述之事雖發(fā)生于主動詞之前，但從句中有一個確定的表示過去的時間狀語時或敘述的是歷史事實時，從句中時態(tài)用一般過去時。 The teacher said that Columbus _(discover) America in 1492. 老師說哥倫布在1492年發(fā)現(xiàn)了美洲。 句中的discovered發(fā)生在said之前，但不用過去完成時had discovered。6.敘述過去發(fā)生的一連串的動作或事件用and或but連接時，用一般過去時。 He _(get) up, _(dress) himself and then _(go)

10、 downstairs to have breakfast. 他起身穿好衣服，然后就下樓吃早飯。He _(buy) a volleyball but later _(lose) it.7.當主動詞與賓語從句中謂語動詞同時發(fā)生時，從句謂語動詞用一般過去時或過去進行時。 He said he _( know )several languages. 他說他懂好幾門外語。 He was not sure what they _( do ) at that time.三、關(guān)于動詞時態(tài)的若干注意點： 、終止性動詞與其意義對應的狀態(tài)性短語在時態(tài)上的異同點。 A.用終止性動詞表示到說話時已完成的動作時，須用完

11、成時；用狀態(tài)性動詞時，則用一般時。 1)He has fallen ill.He is ill. 他病了。 2)She said she had caught a bad cold and needed a rest. She said she had a bad cold and needed a rest. 她說她重感冒了需要休息。 在第一個例子中，fall ill表示動作,用現(xiàn)在完成時表示“已病倒了”,be ill表示狀態(tài)用一般現(xiàn)在時，表示說話處于生病狀態(tài)。 在第二個例子中，catch a cold表示動作，用過去完成時表示“已染上感冒”，have a cold表示狀態(tài)，用一般過去時表示

12、當時已處于患感冒的狀態(tài)。 3)He has got married.He is married. 4)They have left.They are away. 5)He has got used to the life here.He is used to the life here. B.終止性動詞用于完成時態(tài)時，不表示延續(xù)概念，不能跟表示延續(xù)概念的fora period of time的時間狀態(tài)連用，而與其意義對應的狀態(tài)性短語則可以。 1.He has died.他已死了。(Right) 2.He has died for serveral years.他死了好幾年了。(wrong) 說

13、明:在上述句子中,die是終止性動詞，die的動作不能延續(xù)，而for several years則表示動作或狀態(tài)繼續(xù)了好幾年。因此，第二個句子是錯誤的。要表示第二個句子的概念可用表示狀態(tài)的be dead來表示，即： 3.He has been dead for several years.或4.He died several years ago.或5.It is several years since he died.下面是常見的終止性動詞及其意義對應的狀態(tài)性短語。 終止性動詞 狀態(tài)性短語 come(arrive) here be here go(get) out be out go/leav

14、e/move be away/off become a member be a member join an organization be in an organization start be on end be over return/come(go) back be back fall asleep/go to sleep be asleep1.    他已出去了。他出去了好幾個小時了。2.他已睡著了。睡著了好一會兒了。、make sure/be sure表示“采取措施以保證”之意時，從句中的時態(tài)用一般時或完成時。1.)Make sure that you

15、 _(turn) off the light when you leave.離開時務必關(guān)燈。2.)Make sure that you _(finish) the work before six.務必在六點前結(jié)束工作。3.)The hunter held his hand tightly to be sure that he didn't bow,either.那位獵人緊握他兒子的手，以使他也不低頭鞠躬。、在時間狀語或條件狀語從句中，用一般現(xiàn)在時或現(xiàn)在完成時表示一般將來時，一般過去時或過去完成時表示過去將來時。1.)Tell him about that when he _(come)

16、.2.)His daughter won't go to bed until she _(finish) her homework.3.)We would get into trouble as soon as the gas _( run ) out.1.At one time,many people _ to Shenzhen to find chances. At the time buildings _ up everywhere in the area. A.had gone;had gone B.were going;have gone C.have gone;went D

17、.went;were going2."I _ you _ what I've told you to buy"said Mrs Green.A.hoped;won't forget B.hope;wouldn't have forgottenC.hope;won't forget D.had hoped;wouldn't forget3.I _ that he _ to Shanghai when I got home. A.told;had gone B.was told;had gone C.was heard;went D.to

18、ld;had been4.I had wanted to go to the party,but _. A.I'm not invited B.they haven't invited me C.I was not invited D.I will not be invited5.Do you remember how we _ our now English teacher? Yes.We had a party in his honour. A.welcome B.welcomed C.will welcome D.have welcome6.So glad you are back.How long _ you _ there? Three weeks and I had a good time. A.had;been B.had;stayed C.did