人教版新目標(biāo)八年級(jí)英語(yǔ)上冊(cè)各單元知識(shí)詳解

1、人教版新目標(biāo)八年級(jí)英語(yǔ)上冊(cè)各單元知識(shí)詳解（1）Detailed SOlUtiOn for Unit 1HOW Often do you exercise? OnCewQnsadv. 一次 twice/twals/adv.兩次 internet5Int net/n.互聯(lián)網(wǎng) program/5pr JgrAm/ n.節(jié)目單，(電腦)程序 hilltop5hIltCpn.山頂 resultrI5zQltn.結(jié)果，成果 key/ki： /n.提醒，提示，線索，答案 translate/trAns51eIt/ v.翻譯 song/sCN n.歌曲 junk/dVQNk/n.垃圾，破爛物，廢棄的舊物 mi

2、lk/mllk/n.牛奶 interviewer5Int vjU： (r)/ n.采訪者 habit5hAbItn.習(xí)慣，習(xí)性 difference/5dlfrnsn. 不同，差異，區(qū)別 gradegreld n. 分?jǐn)?shù)，成績(jī)，年級(jí) although/C： 15TJconj.雖然，即使，縱然 UnheaIthy/Qn5helWI/ adj.不健康的，不益健康的 SkatebOarding/5Skelt9C： dIN n.溜滑板運(yùn)動(dòng)【重要詞組】 how Often多久一次 as for至于，關(guān)于 junk food垃圾食品 eating habit飲食習(xí)慣 Of COUrSe當(dāng)然 IOOk af

3、ter照顧，照看 Start With以開(kāi)始 make a difference使得結(jié)果不同，有重要性 go ShOPPing去購(gòu)物 have a Party聚會(huì) go to the movie 去看電影 OnCe a Week每周一次 hardly ever很少 twice a Week每周兩次 three times a Week每周三次 On Weekend 在周末 do homework做作業(yè) a IOt Of很多 try to do 試圖（努力）做某事 help Sb （to） do sth.協(xié)助某人做某事 the Same as和相同 keep in good health 保持身

4、體健康【重要詞句詳解】1. Lefs IOOk at the following WOrdS and their USage （讓我們看看下面的這些詞及其用法）always 一直，總是USUany通常Often經(jīng)常SOlnetiIneS 有時(shí)候hardly ever很少，兒乎沒(méi)有never從不這些詞都是表示頻率的副詞，但是在水準(zhǔn)上有差別。通常用于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。如:I always have SOme milk for my breakfast.我早餐總是喝牛奶。He USUany gets UP at 6： 30 in the morning他通常早上 6： 30 起床。He Often doe

5、s homework before dinner time.他經(jīng)常晚餐前做作業(yè)。He SOmetimeS goes to movies On Friday evening. 他有時(shí)周五晚上去看電影。I hardly /ever eat OUt at noon.我很少中午在外就餐。I never arrive Iate for SChOOL 我從沒(méi)有到校晚過(guò)。SeIdOm/rarelySeldOmJ表示頻率，很少，不常，反義詞Ofterlrarely,很少地，難得地，少見(jiàn)地He SeIdOm eats breakfast.他很少吃早餐。I rarely eat in restaurants.我很

6、少在飯館吃飯。2. 英語(yǔ)中表次數(shù)的用法OnCe 一次，twice 兩次，three times 三次，four times 四次 我們能夠看出表示次數(shù)的詞，除了“一次，兩次”特殊外，后面的次數(shù)都是“基 數(shù)詞+times”構(gòu)成。另外同學(xué)們還要記住以下詞組：OnCe （twice） a day/ week/ month/ year 每天（周/月/I ） 一（兩）次3. alL most, some, no的用法及差異。all “所有的，全體的”Ail StUdentS do homework after SChOOLLaSt night, I COOked all the VegetableS i

7、n the fridgeInoSt “絕大部分的”MOSt StUdentS PIay COmPUter games On WeekendSSOme 些”SOnIe StUdentS go to EngliSh movies every day.no “沒(méi)有”，注意這里no是形容詞。NO StUdentS read EngIiSh novels我們能夠看出：all, most, some, no放在名詞的前面做定語(yǔ)，表示數(shù)量的多少。4. My InOther WantS me to Cirink it.我媽媽想要我喝。Want sb. to do sth.想要某人干某事。e.g.I Want

8、you to help Ine With my math.我想要你幫我學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)。5. She SayS it,s good for health.她說(shuō)喝牛奶對(duì)健康有益。be good for對(duì)有好處。e.g.Eating VegetabIeS and fruit is good for OUr healthDOing eye-exercise is good for OUr eyes6. HOW many hours do you SleeP every night?你每天晚上睡幾個(gè)小時(shí)?這是一個(gè)特殊疑問(wèn)句?！?HoWmany+名詞”構(gòu)成了特殊疑問(wèn)詞。注意：HOWmany后跟可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。

9、e.g.HOW many apples do you have?HOW Inany StlIdentS are there in your class?如果名詞是不可數(shù)名詞，要用'How much +不可數(shù)名詞”。e.g.HOW much milk do you drink each time?HOW much Water do We need every day?【課文解析3a】but m Pretty healthy I exercise every day, USUany When I COme home from SChOOl And my eating habits are

10、Pretty good I try to eat a IOt Of vegetables, USUany ten to eleven times a Week And I eat fruit every day and I drink milk every day. Of course, I IOVejUnk food, too. but I try to eat it OnIy OnCe a week, oh, and I SleeP nine hours every night SO you see, I IOOk after my health And my healthy IifeSt

11、yIe helps me get good grade GOOd food and exercise help me to StUdy better1. Pretty表示"十分”作副詞用，我們以前學(xué)過(guò)quite和Very也有這種意臥 其中它們的水準(zhǔn)由淺入深為quitepretty-*very. e.g.He is quite SeriOUS It SOUndS Pretty good Nina Can Sing EngliSh SOngS Very WelL2 I exercise every day, USUany When I COme home from SChOOl 我每天鍛

12、煉身體，通常是放學(xué)后。3. eating habits "飲食習(xí)慣”。4. try to do Sth意為"盡力去做某事”。Try to get here early He tried to PaSS the exam 5 ten to eleven times a week."每周十到十一次”。注意這種表達(dá)。“to”為介詞。翻譯：(1)兩到三次。twice to three times(2)每月四到五次。four to five times a month.6. Of course."當(dāng)然"。7. SO you see, I IOOk aft

13、er my health."所以你看，我很在意我的健康”。IOOk after意為"照顧、照看”。e.g.Can you IOOk after my baby When I leave?PleaSe IOOk after your OWn bags carefully.Iook還能夠和很多詞搭配，但意思不一樣。(1 ) Iook at U看，認(rèn)真地看”。e.g.PIeaSe IOOk at the blackboard SOme PeOPle are IOOking at the notice (2 ) IOOk for "尋找"o e.g.OId He

14、nry IOOked for his dogs, but he didn,t find it.m IOOking for my IOSt Pen 8. GOOd food and exercise help me to StUdy better.好的飲食和鍛煉協(xié)助我學(xué)得 更好。help sb. to do sth. better協(xié)助某人把某事做得更好。e.g.She helps me to know the information for going abroad better.她幫我更好地了解到出國(guó)的信息。help sb. With sth.幫某人做某事。e.g.Stena helps me

15、 With my histoy.【重要句型】1. What do you USUany do On Weekends?你通常周末做什么？2. I USUalIy Play soccer.我通常踢足球。3. What does he do On Weekends?他周末做什么？4. He SOmetimeS WatCheS TV.他有時(shí)候看電視。5. HOW Often do you shop?你多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間購(gòu)物一次？6. I ShOP OnCe a month.我一個(gè)月購(gòu)物一次。7. HOW Often does he WatCh TV?他多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間看一次電視？& He WatCheS TV

16、 twice a week.他每周看兩次電視。【由IlOVV Often談起】我們已經(jīng)學(xué)習(xí)了 always, usually, often, SometimeS, never等表示時(shí)間頻度的副 詞。這些詞通常用來(lái)說(shuō)明在一段時(shí)間內(nèi)做某事的多少或某種狀態(tài)存有的次數(shù)的多 少。例如：We USUally get UP at half PaSt six. 我們通常六點(diǎn)半起床。SOmetimeS he goes to See his grandpa On weekends.周末,他有時(shí)候去看望爺爺。但是，在日常生活中，我們不可能總是用陳述句來(lái)表達(dá)自己的或他人的一些行 動(dòng)，或者事物所存有的狀態(tài)。我們還要向?qū)?/p>

17、方提出一些問(wèn)題，請(qǐng)求對(duì)方回答。在 這種情況下，我們還要用礙問(wèn)句。請(qǐng)看下面兒組對(duì)話：1 一HOW Often do you Play football?I USUany Play football after SChOOl 2 一HOW Often does Mary go to the concert?She Often goes to it On SatUrday evening3 一HOW Often does my daughter take the medicine?Three times a day.不知大家是否注意到，我們針對(duì)上面所說(shuō)的頻度副詞和表示“在某段時(shí)間內(nèi)某 種動(dòng)作的次數(shù)”

18、的狀語(yǔ)提問(wèn)時(shí),都要用how Ofteno換句話說(shuō)，如果要回答111 how Often提問(wèn)的句子，我們通常要用頻度副詞或諸如every day, each week, OnCe a week, twice a day, four times a month 等來(lái)回答。e.g.4. HOW Often do you borrow books from the library?TWiCe a InOnth 5 一HOW Often does your mother do the washing?She does it every day.6 一HOW Often Can you go to the

19、 movie?OnCe a week在大家所做的練習(xí)中，常見(jiàn)的有“句型轉(zhuǎn)換”。這種題型有一種“就劃線部 分提問(wèn)”，要求針對(duì)陳述句中的劃線部分提出問(wèn)題（也就是把陳述句變成特殊疑 問(wèn)句），其中就有針對(duì)上面所說(shuō)的頻度副詞或every day, each week, OnCe a week, twice a day, four times a InOnth等提問(wèn)的句子。這時(shí)候自然要用how Often來(lái)提問(wèn) T O e.g.JaCk WatCheS TV three times a week. HOW Often does JaCk WatCh TV?OUr SChOOl has a SPOrtS m

20、eeting twice a year. How Often does your SChOOl have a SPOrtS Ineeting?要注意的是，陳述句在變成這種特殊疑問(wèn)句時(shí)，其結(jié)構(gòu)是：Howoften+助動(dòng) 詞+主語(yǔ)+實(shí)義動(dòng)詞+其它成分？或：Howohen+系動(dòng)詞be+主語(yǔ)+其它成分？ HOW Often ？和 HOW long. ?1) HOW Often do you WatCh TV?你多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間看一次電視？回答能夠是下面的任何一種：EVery day./ OnCe a week./Three times a week./ Often./ 2) HOW IOng do you U

21、SUally WatCh TV?你通?？炊嚅L(zhǎng)時(shí)間電視？回答能夠是下面的任何一種：AbOUt One hour./ Three hours. / Thirty minutes./.從以上例句中能夠看出：how Often意為"多久一次”；how long意為"多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間"。【語(yǔ)法知識(shí)聚焦】一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) The SimPIe PreSent TenSe一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的特殊疑問(wèn)句Let's IOOk at the following SentenCeS first (讓我們先看看下面的句子)1) What do you USUany do On Weekends?2)

22、What does he do On Weekends?3) HOW Often do you shop?4) HOW Often does he WatCh TV?5) HOW many hours do you SleeP every night?一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的特殊疑問(wèn)句的構(gòu)成：特殊疑問(wèn)詞+般疑問(wèn)句這里的特殊疑問(wèn)詞指 what, What time, where, when, which, who, whom, whose, why, how, how many, how much, how long, how Often一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)He is twelve.他十 _歲。They

23、 are at home. 他們?cè)诩?。表示?jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作I go to SChOOl at SeVen every day.He PlayS SOCCer On SUndayS表示主語(yǔ)具備的性格和水平等She IikeS applesThey SPeak JaPaneSe She is medium build肯定式I am a CIeanerYOll are right.He / She / It is here.We / YOU / They are OUtgOing否定式I am not a YOu are not.He / She / It is not.We / YOU / T

24、hey are not.否定式和疑問(wèn)式We go to SChOOl at SeVen every day.We don't go to SChOOl at SeVenDO you go to SChOOl at seven?Yes, We do. (No, We don't.)否定式和疑問(wèn)式He goes to SChOOl at SeVen every day.He doesn't go to SChOOl at SeVenDOeS he go to SChOOl at seven?Yes, he does.(No, he doesn,t.)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)常和表示時(shí)間頻

25、度的副詞連用。如：often, usually, sometimes, always, never, hardly ever 等。1. I Often read books in the evening2. DO they USUany go to SChOOl by bike?3. He doesn,t Iike milk He never drinks it.4. SOmetimeS Iny InOther gets back at five.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)常和以下時(shí)間表達(dá)法連用。如：in the morning, in the afternoon, in the evening, at no

26、on, at night,every day,on SUnday(s), at SeVen 等。DO they have math in the morning?She SleePS nine hours every nightIt takes me two hours to do my homework every day.They don't have CIaSSeS On SUndayS動(dòng)詞第三人稱單數(shù)的構(gòu)成：1、直接加"SIOOkIOOkSreadreadsPlayPlayS StOPStOPS2. 在字母 s, x9ch9sh9o 后加esdodoes3輔音字母加y

27、結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞去y為i,再加“esCarry 一 CarrieS StUdy 一 StUdieS hurry 一 hurries Cry 一 CrieS4.特殊的have 一 has【語(yǔ)法練習(xí)】選擇填空()l.A： HOW OftenShe exercise? B： TWiCe a WeekA. doB. doesC. doing D. did()2. IIike to drink milk.A.notB. doesn,t C. don,t D. no()3. GOOd food and exerciseme to StUdy bettter.A. help B. helpsC. helping

28、D. to help()4. IS her IifeStyle(生活方式)the Sameyours Or different?A. asB. inC. atD. to()5 I Iikefor breakfast.A. a book B. a uler C. an egg D. a SOfa()6. Theare $21 A. glasses B. ShOeC table D bike()7. TenniSmy favourite sport.A. are B. isC. amD. be()8. I have a tennis and my friend Jimtwo tennis rack

29、etsA. have B. PIayC PlayS D. has()9. "Let's Play COmPUter games.nuTatinteresting."A. IOOkS B. SOUndSC. IiStenS D. reads()10. My father IikeS football. BUt heit. He OnIyfootball InatCheS OnTV!A. plays, WatCheSC. doesn,t play, WatCheSB. play, WatChD plays, doesn,t WatCh【參考答案與解題思路】【參考答案】1

30、.B 2. C 3. A 4. A 5. C6. A 7. B8. D 9. B10. C【解題思路】1.本題考查助動(dòng)詞d。和does的用法。在疑問(wèn)句或否定句中，當(dāng)主語(yǔ)為第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí)，主動(dòng)詞用does,所以，答案為B.2本題考查助動(dòng)詞do和does的用法。因?yàn)镮不是第三人稱單數(shù)形式，所以, 答案為C.3. 此題為判斷和理解型試題，GoOd food and exercise是兩項(xiàng)事物，所以主語(yǔ)不 是第三人稱單數(shù)形式，所以，答案為A.4. 本題考查固定短語(yǔ)the Same as的用法，答案為A.5. 本題考查辨認(rèn)食品類單詞，只有egg是食品，故答案為C.6. 本題考查動(dòng)詞be的用法，但考察方法

31、與前面第3小題不同.根據(jù)題中的 are來(lái)判定應(yīng)該用名詞復(fù)數(shù).故答案為A.7. 本題考査動(dòng)詞be的用法，雖然tennis是以-S結(jié)尾，但是，它是單數(shù)名詞， 所以，答案為B.&本題考查動(dòng)詞have, has的用法，因?yàn)镴im是第三人稱單數(shù)，所以，答案 為D.9. 本題考查交際用語(yǔ)UTlIat SOUndS Hiteiesting/,的使用，所以，答案為B.10. 本題考查一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的用法，首先根據(jù)題中My father IikeS football.和BUt 的提示，判定第一個(gè)空應(yīng)選擇doesn't play,乂根據(jù)On TV而得到答案watches,故 答案為C.【綜合水平檢測(cè)】

32、一.根據(jù)題意和所給的字母提示，填入準(zhǔn)確的單詞。1. HambUrger is a kind Ofjfood. I hardly ever eat hamburgers.2. I SUrf the inevery day.3. Look! The OId PeOPle are On the hill. They CIimb the hills OnCe a week.4. TOm StUdieS EngIiSh best in OUr class. He has a big V_ C_b_1_r_.5. My grandparents exercise twice a Week to Sthea

33、lthy.6. SOme StUdentS WatCh TV three Or four ta week.7. DOeS it ma big difference if you eat fmit every day?8. It,s Very important to have a good eating h.9. I never go ShOPPing I can,t StShOPPing10. She Often eto the movies On WeekendS二連詞成句1. what, usually, you do, on, do Weekends?2. how often, you

34、r brother, does, take, a, shower?93. L nine , hours, sleep, every , night.4. Betty, milk, drinks, every, morning.5. some, students, once, watch, TV, On twice, a, week.三方框選詞hardly, CIeaning, take, gave, try, to play, ViSiting, exercises, Went, goes1 Ia ShOWer every night2. My fatherever WatCheS TV in

35、 the evening3. ThankS forme.4. Mary Oftento the movies On WeekendS5. Grandma is Pretty healthy because Sheevery day.6. YOU mustto eat IeSS meat7.1 Iikebasketball& What did you do in SUnInIer holidays?Ito HOngkOng With my ParentS9. My motherme a new bike On my birthday 10. What are you doing? We

36、aeOUr room.四根據(jù)括號(hào)中所給提示詞語(yǔ)，回答問(wèn)題。1. What do you USUany do On Weekends? ( Climb the hill)2. HOW Often do you go to the movies?(OnCe a year)3. HOW Often does your brother Play soccer? (three Or four times a Week)4. What does your mother do at home?(WatCh TV)5. Are you healthy? (yes)五寫作根據(jù)表格內(nèi)容寫一篇50字的短文。Name

37、exerciseVegetabIeSfruitmilkjunk foodSIeePevery day7 times aWeekevery dayevery daynine hoursPeterOnCe a Week3 and 4 times aWeeknine hoursJOhnhardlySOmetimeSneverneverPeter is Pretty healthy. He exercises everyday.JOhn is UnheaIthy He hardly everexercises.【答案與解析】一.根據(jù)題意和所給的字母提示，填入準(zhǔn)確的單詞。1. junk 2. inter

38、net 3. hilltop 4. VOCabUlary 5. Stay6. times 7. make 8. habit 9. Stand 10. goes二連詞成句1. What do you USUany do On Weekends?2. HoW Often does your brother take a shower? 3. I SIeeP nine hours every night.4. Betty drinks Inilk every morning5. SOme StUdentS WatCh TV OnCe Or twice a Week三方框選詞1. take 2. hardly 3 visiting 4. goes 5. exercises6. try 7. to PIay 8. Went 9. gave 10. CIeaning解析：1. 本題考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)take a ShOWer的用法，因?yàn)闀r(shí)間狀語(yǔ)為every night,應(yīng)該 用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。乂語(yǔ)為I,所以答案為take.2. 本題考查短語(yǔ)hardly ever的用法，所以答案為hardly