四級時態(tài)練習(講解、練習、答案)

1、一.時態(tài)(.修改)英語中共有16種時態(tài)，我們并不一一贅述。這里我們只講容易用錯的、也是經(jīng)常出現(xiàn) 在試卷上的時態(tài)方面的問題。只要同學們掌握了我們所講的知識就能會做題，做對題。I. "現(xiàn)在時”中應(yīng)注意的幾個問題1. 如果說的是將來的事，主句用將來時，狀語從句用現(xiàn)在時。狀語從句常由以下連詞引導(dǎo): if. in case, whe n, as, as soon as before, until t uni ess. who (what/ when/ where*)ever, no matter who (what/ when/ where-*), etc If he comes, I'

2、; 11 give it to him I 11 stay here until he promises to do as I ask You won1 t pass the exam uniess you work hard I 11 begin the dictation when you are ready. No matter where you go, you' 11 find Coca-Cola No matter how much it costs, I' 11 buy it.(第 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6題)*幾個特殊的副詞、名詞短語也可引導(dǎo)狀語從句，所

3、用時態(tài)同上。the moment immediatelythe minute r = as soon asinstant 1= as soon asthe instantjdirectlyjevery= whenever/ no matter when the next time = next time wheneach timeJ The chi ldren are to do their homework the moment they arrive back from school. The machine starts the minute the button j_s pressed

4、.(3) Tell me immediately you have any news Please be sure to telephone me the next time you come.(第7. 8題)1) 如果強調(diào)從句動作在先，主句動作在后時，從句可用完成時。(既從句動作發(fā)成之后，才開始主句的動作。) When he has sold al 1 the newspapers, he' 11 go home. The postman cannot reach the house until the snow has melted.2) now that從句常表示已經(jīng)發(fā)生的動作，

5、在從句動作已經(jīng)發(fā)生的前提下才開始主句的動作，故該從句常用完成時。 Now that the rain has stopped, lets go at once. Now that you' ve got a chance, you might as well make full use of it.(第 9. 10題)3）如果if條件從句出現(xiàn)if sb. will/ would*,表示意愿，"如果某人愿意” will、 would是情態(tài)動詞。 If you will take off your clothes, we wi11 fit the new clothes on y

6、ou.如果你愿意脫掉身上的衣服，我們就把新衣服給你穿上。（從句的will是情態(tài)動詞，主句的will是助動詞，表將來時） If you will only do this, you may find out why people are dissatisfied and understand the revolution that is threatening France只有你肯這樣做，你就會發(fā)現(xiàn)老百姓為什麼會不滿意，你就會理解正在威脅著法國的 革命。4) if. when引導(dǎo)的賓語從句表達將來的動作時，要用將來時。 I can* t tell you if it' 11 rain t

7、omorrow. Do you know when they wi11 arrive5) 一些關(guān)系代詞、關(guān)系副詞或連詞引導(dǎo)的從句中也可以用現(xiàn)在時表示將來的動作。 We* 11 drive faster than you 也 She wi11 probably be on the same plane as I am. I 11 have a good time whether I win or lose.2. 以下句型從句用現(xiàn)在時表達將來的動作r longIt will (not) be hours before sb do sth.yearsJ (D It will be long befo

8、re we meet again.(2) It will be hours before the rain stops(3) But it wi11 be more than 100 years before the country begins to look as it did beforen.完成時1. 以下句型從句用現(xiàn)在完成時Itthe first (second, third fourth*) sththe only sth> (that) sb have done sth.the best (worst最高級)sth.This is the third pair of sho

9、es you" ve worn out this year It is the only party that I' ve really enjoyed in my life It is one of the most interesting books that I， ve ever read.*這里指截止到目前為止的情況，如果說截止到過去的某一時間為止，用過去完成時。She understood what I was talking about, even though it was the first time we had spoken together2. 有以下時

10、間狀語的句子用現(xiàn)在完成時yearsseveral） monthsweeksforthe past/ last year （two, three, four,duringoverin In the past few years great changes have taken place in computers. That has been my life for these ten years3. since句子里的時態(tài)問題1）作介詞用時，和過去的時間搭配，句子用現(xiàn)在完成時Paper has been made in America since 1690.sinceago作狀語，句子用現(xiàn)在完

11、成時Mary is in New York She has been there since six days ago.ever since作狀語，句子用現(xiàn)在完成時He fell off his horse a week ago and has been in bed ever since.2）作連詞用時，從句用過去時，主句用現(xiàn)在完成時 We' ve been friends since we met at schoolit opened in 1989. He has worked there since（第 12. 13.題）4. 瞬間動詞的注意事項常見的瞬間動詞：go, come

12、, enter, arrive, leave, die, marry, join, buy, borrow, get up, catch a cold, get married, etc這類動詞表示的動作一發(fā)生就馬上結(jié)束，故 用在完成時中不能和表示動作延續(xù)的時間狀語連用。I錯He has left for three days對He has been away for three days或：It f is+ 段時間 + since sb. did （瞬間動詞）sth.I has been It is/ has been three days since he left. It is more

13、 than half a year since I entered college*如果表達截止到過去的某個時間為止的動作，用以下句型：It was + 段時間 + since sb. had done （瞬間動詞）sth.I said that it was at least 10 years since I had enjoyed a good drink.5by短語作時間狀語的注意專項1）“by”和過去的時間連用時，句子用過去完成時；和將來的時間連用時，句子用將來完 成時。 By 1985, he had taught that course in that school for 10

14、years By the end of next year the teaching building will have been completed（15. 16. 19題）s2）by the time作連詞引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句。（1）如果說的是過去的事情，從句用過去時，主句用過去完成時 By the time he was ten, he had already built himself a chemistry lab By the time he was fourteen years old, he had learned advance mathematics all by himse

15、lf（主句的動作在從句動作發(fā)生時已經(jīng)結(jié)束）（2）如果說的是將來的事情，從句用現(xiàn)在時，主句用將來完成時 I shall have finished the work by the time you come back By the time the course ends. we shal1 have learned a lot about British（第 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25.題）6）過去完成時過去完成時是學生們?nèi)菀子缅e的一個時態(tài)，我們提醒注意兩點：（1）截止到過去某個時間或某個動作為止、已經(jīng)發(fā)生的動作 He said （that） he had numied.（到

16、"說”時,他已經(jīng)"結(jié)婚” 了，先'結(jié)婚”，后"說”。） She told me she had joined the party two years before Before I came here, I had studied English for six years（兩個動作“had studied"先發(fā)生 “came"后發(fā)生）（2）有些動詞表示意愿、打算、希望等意，用過去完成時表示這一動作并未實現(xiàn)，屬虛擬語 氣。（見"虛擬語氣”第X條）m.進行時1. 不用進行時的動詞有：/（1）表示所屬、類似、構(gòu)成等關(guān)系的詞belo

17、ng to, consist of, depend on, equal, etc（2）表示存在、狀態(tài)等持續(xù)性動詞have, own, deserve, appear, 1 ie （位于），be （存在），stand （位于）.remain （保 持某種狀態(tài)），keep, seem, etc.（3）表示知覺.感覺的一些感官動詞過去時只表示過去發(fā)生了一件事，其結(jié)果對現(xiàn)在無任何影響。完成時中的動作對現(xiàn)在 有影響。 I had breakfast吃過早飯，但這一動作對現(xiàn)在無任何影響，很可能現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)餓了。 I have had breakfast吃過早飯，而且這一動作對現(xiàn)在還有影響，即：現(xiàn)在不餓。Wou

18、ld you please have supper with usjNo. Iit, but thank you all the same.A）had B） have had C） have to have D） am to have選B）符合語言環(huán)境。吃過了，而且不餓。 I bought a bicycle我買過一輛車。（但現(xiàn)在車已沒有了。） I have bought a bicycle我買過一輛車。（現(xiàn)在車還在。）VI.完成時與完成進行時的區(qū)別完成時強調(diào)動作的結(jié)果，完成進行時強調(diào)動作的延續(xù)性。 I have finished six letters.已經(jīng)寫了六封信。 I have bee

19、n writing letters for a whole morning 一上午一直在寫信。 I have waited for you for fifty minutes I have been waiting for you.二國家四級考試試題1. If ittoo much trouble, I' d love a cup of tea)A) isnr tB) wasn * t C) weren? t D) hadn， t been2. If she doesn， t tell him the truth now, he' 11 simply keep on askin

20、g her untilshe )A) doesB) has done C) will doD) would do3. Once environmental damage _, it takes many years for the system torecover)A) has doneB) is to do C) doesD) is done4. If you smoke in a nonsmoking section, people一.)A) wi11 object B) objected C) must object D) have objected5. Whi1e people may

21、 refer to television for up-to-the-minute news, it is unlikelythat television一 the newspaper completely.)A) replacedB) have replacedC) replace D) will replace6. Sir Denis, who is 78, has made it known that much of his collectiontothe nation.)A) has leftB) is to leave C) leavesD) is to be left7. You

22、see the 1 ighteningit happens, but you hear the thunder later)A) the instant B) for an instant C) on the instantD) in an instant8. We hadn' t met for 20 years, but I recognized herI saw her)A) for the momentB) the moment whenC) at the moment whenD) the moment9. we have finished the course, we sh

23、all start doing more revision work)A) For now B) Ever sinceC) Now thatD) By now10. that my head had cleared, my brain was also beginning to work much better)A) For B) Now C) Since D) Despite11. A man escaped from the prison last night It was a long timethe guardsdiscovered what had happened.)A) befo

24、re12. Ever sincehealth.)A) could haveB)thesince family0movedD) whenenjoyeduntilto the suburbs last year, theyB) had enjoyedC) have been enjoyingbetterD) are enjoying13. Ever since Picasso* s paintings went the museum every day)A) have beenB) has been C) is14. u May I speak to your manager Mr. m sorr

25、y. Mr. Williamsonexhibit, therelarge crowds atD) are beingWilliams at fiveto a conferenceo' clock tonightMlong before then” )A) had gone15. By the endA) wi11 have16. By the endA) have left17. By the end of problem)A) have foundB) would have gone of Apri1 Peter stayed ofC) has gonehere for three

26、months)B) wi11 stay C) stays D) has stayedthe year all but two people.)B) will leave C) will be leaving D) will have leftthis month, we surely a satisfactory solution toB) will have foundD) wi 11 have gone.theC) will be findingarefinding18. It' s reported that by the end of this month the output

27、 of cement in the factory by about 10%. )A) will have risenB) has risen C) wi 11 be risingD) has been rising19. Pick me up atA) may have8 o' clock. IB) wi11 be havingmy bath by then.C) can have had.)D) wi11 have hadfor Shanghai. )20. By the time you get to Beijing tomorrow, ID) have already left

28、A) shall have left B) am leaving C) will leaveA) must have lasted B) wi 11 have lasted C) would last D) has lasted22. By the time he arrives in Beijing, wehere for two days)A) have been stayingB) have stayed C) shal1 stay D) will havestayed23. My train arrives in New York at eight o' clock tonig

29、ht The plane I would liketo take from thereby then.)A) would leaveB) w訂1 have left C) has leftD) had left24. By the time you get to New York, Ifor London. )A) would be leaving B) am leaving C) have already left D) shall have left25. I suppose that when I come back in ten yearsf time all those old ho

30、uses down.)A) wi11 have been pul led B) will have pulled C) will be pullingD) wi11 be pulled26. He came back late,which time all the guests had already left)A) after B) by C) atD) during27. Until then, his familyfrom him for six months)A) didt hear B) hasn， t been hearing C) hast heard D) hadn* t he

31、ard28. Weour breakfast when an old man came to the door)A) just have had B) just had C) have just hadD) had just had29. Before the first non-stop flight made in 1949, itnecessary for all planesto land for refueling)A) would beB) has been C) had beenD) would have been30. A thief who broke into a chur

32、ch was caught because traces of wax, found on hisclothes,from the sort of candles used only in churches)A) had comeB) coming C) comeD) that came31. After searching for half an hour, she realized that her glasseson thetable all the time)A) were lain B) had been lain C) have been lying D) had been lyi

33、ng32. Weto start our own business, but we never had enough money.)A) have hoped B) would hope C) had hoped D) should hope33. Hewhen the bus came to a sudden stop)A) was almost hurtB) was hurt himselfC) was to hurt himselfD) was hurting himself34. Bob' s leg got hurtA) while he is climbing upthe

34、Purple Mountains)B) whi1e we were climbing upC) while we cl imbed upD) while he climbed upI decided to go to the A) finish what I did1ibrary as soon as I)B) finished what I didC) Would finish what I was doing D) finished what I was doing36. I was half way back to the cottage where my mother livedSus

35、an caughtup with me.)A) when B) while C) unti1 D) though37. I felt somewhat disappointed and was about to leave,something occurredwhich attracted my attention.)A) unless B) untilC) whenD) while38. Turn on the television or open a magazine and youadvertisements showinghappy, balanced fami1ies)A) are

36、often seeing B) often see C) will often see D) have often seen39. The fifth generation computers, with artificial intelligence,andperfected now)A) developedB) have developedC) are being developed D) will have been developed40. Great as Newton was, many of his ideas today and are being modified bythe

37、 work of scientists of our time)A) are to challengeB) may be challengedC) have been challenged D) are challenging41. I bought a new house last year, but Imy old house yet, so at the momentI have two houses. )A) did not sei 1 B) have not sold C) had not sold D) do not sell42. It seems oi 1from this p

38、ipe for some time We* 11 have to take the machineapart to put it right)A) had leakedB) is leaking C) leakedD) has been leaking43. She ought to stop work； she has a headache because shetoo long)A) has been reading B) had read C) is reading D) read44. The grey building is where the workers live, and t

39、he white one is where the spare parts .)A) are producing B) are produced C) produced D) being produced45. The growth of part-time and flexible working patterns. and of training andretraining schemesmore women to take advantage of employmentopportunities)A) allow B) allows C) allowing D) have al lowe

40、d46. I'm awfully sorry, but I had no alternative I simplywhat I did)A) ought to have done B) have to do C) had to do D) must do47. The Brownshere, but not any more)A) were used to 1 ivingB) had lived C) used to liveD) had been living48. don' t swim now, but I A) used to it B) usedwhen I was

41、a kid.) to doing it C) used toD) used to do三.時態(tài)練習don' t think he will be upset, but I 11 see him in caseA) he would B) he is C) he was D) he will2. Wefre going to Florida as soon asour final exam.A) we1 re finishing taking B) we finish to takeC) we finish takingD) we*11 finish taking3. Uniess ec

42、onomic conditionsnext year, there wi11 be wildspread unrest inthe United States.4.A) wi11 be improvedThe childB) to be proved C) improveis to do his homework the moment heD) improves back from school.A) will arrive B) arrives C) arrived D) arrive5. Although I haven' t seen him for 10 years, I re

43、cognized himI saw him.A) the moment B) the moment when C) at the moment when D) for the moment6. I' 11 lend you my cassette recorderyou want it.A) every time B) the moment C) until D) lest7. Whenever Ithese days, I always carry my raincoatA) shal1 go outB) would go out C) wi11 have gone out D) g

44、o out8. However you , it111 take you at least two days.A) travel B) will travel C) traveled D) travel 1ing9. No matter what you, I won* t believe you.A) wi11 say B) say C) said D) have said10. No matter how hard youyour11 never lose your English accent.A) will try B) tried C) tryD) have tried11. She

45、 will be probably on the same plane asthe day after tomorrow.A) I willB) I will be C) shal1D) I am12. I can't tell you if ittomorrowA) will rain B) rains C) shal1 rain D) would rain13. WhenagainWhen he, I'll let you knowA) he comes； comesB) will he come； wi11 comeC) he comes； will comeD) wil

46、l he come； comes14.You will feelmuch better after youfor awhile.A) wi11 restB) restedC) have restedD)are to rest15.How longbefore we .see you againA) is itB)has it beenC) it will beD)will it bescientists succeed in providing16. How many more decades will have to pass a cure for cancerA) unt訂 B) befo

47、re C) when D) afterHow long is ityou were out of contact with each otherA) beforeB) when C) sinceD) afterI don' t know how long heaway from home Heon a business trip sincelast monthA) will be； wasB) will have been； has beenC) wou1d be； had been D) will be； has beenDon' t worry, it' s the

48、 first time you . Soon you will find it much easierA) did the job B) do the job C) have done the job D) had done the job There was a knock at the door, it was the second time someoneme that evening.A) had interrupted B) would have interruptedC) to have interrupted D) to be interruptedBefore I came t

49、o China, that was the first time I a Chinese filmA) have seen B) had seen C) saw D) would seeThis is the only book he_A) is written B) has written C) is writing D) writesThis is the tenth letter that Ifrom herA) have received B) receive C) receivedD) am receivingWhen Jack arrived he learned Maryfor

50、almost an hourA) had gone B) had set off C) had left D) had been awayTom was disappointed that most of the guestswhen heat the party.A) left； had arrivedB) left； arrivedC) had left； had arrived D) had left; arrivedI first met Lisa three years ago. She at a radio shop at the timeA) has worked B) was

51、working C) had been working D) had workedGreat changesin the past five yearsA) have taken placeB) have been taken placeC) have taken the place D) took placeWe used to go ski ing in Michigan every winter, butfor the last fiveseasonsA) I didn't go B) I'm not goingC) I don't go D) I haven*t

52、 goneShe an artist for two yearsA) has marriedB) has got marriedC) has been married D) has been married toIa bad cold for a few days and still can* t get rid of it.A) caught B) have caught C) have D) have hadHefor twenty years before he returned to his hometown.A) have been away B) had been away C)

53、have leftD) had leftThe filmfor half an hour when we got to the cinema3.>24.25.26.<27.2&2.A) had begun B) began C) was on D) had been on34. It' s reported that A) will have raised rising35. How longhereA) will you workby the end of this year the output of o

54、i1by 13%B) will have risen C) wi11 be raising D) will beC) you will have worked36. Perhaps the experiment A) have been donethe time I37. Bytaught the end ofA) metA)38. By39. One day while strangein the skyA) saw B)40. MaryA) madeby the end of next yearB) are you work i ngD) will you have been workin

55、gby this time tomorrowB) will have been done C) will do D) would have done left the school, Ithat course for ten yearsB) have taught 1962, we theB) have met C) have they were work i ngC) had taught D) has taught demand for petroleum.been met D)in the fields,had metsome farmerssomethingaB)are seeing dress when is makingwere seeing she cut her finger.C) was makingD) had seenD) makes33.have you known StephenWhen C) How D) How longA) Since long C)41. I felt somewhat disappointed and was about to leavesomething unexpectedhappenedA) when B) before C) whil