2021-2022年高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法專題復(fù)習(xí)定語(yǔ)從句類

1、2021年高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法專題復(fù)習(xí)定語(yǔ)從句類定語(yǔ)從句：先行詞，關(guān)系詞，從句。定語(yǔ)從句：也叫關(guān)系從句，修飾一個(gè)名詞或代詞，或是整個(gè)句子.被修飾的詞叫先行詞，引導(dǎo)從句的關(guān)系詞.（關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞）.定語(yǔ)從句通常在先行詞之后分類：限制性定語(yǔ)從句，對(duì)先行詞起修飾或限制的作用；非限制性定從句，對(duì)先行詞起補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明的作用.一）關(guān)系詞（關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞的選用原則）關(guān)系代詞詞行先行詞充當(dāng)成分who人主、賓、表WhomA賓That人&物主、賓、表Which物主、賓、表As物主、賓Whose=of whomof wh i ch人&物定語(yǔ)When=ati nondur i ng wh i ch時(shí)間狀W

2、here=atinto wh i ch地點(diǎn)狀Why=for wh i ch原因狀實(shí)用文檔that在口語(yǔ)中可以代替關(guān)系副詞以上三者狀二)選用注意要點(diǎn)：1只能用that情況：(1) 小，果先行i司是 al I, much, anything, something, nothing, everything, little, none , few,等不定代詞，關(guān)系代詞一般只用that,不用which。例如：(2)如果先等詞被 all , I ittIe none any, only, few, much, no, some, very 等詞修 飾，關(guān)系代詞常用that,不用which.(3)如果先行詞

3、被序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級(jí)修飾或者先行詞是最高級(jí)時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞常用 that,不用 whicho(4)如果先等詞被the only , the very , the same , the last修飾，關(guān)系代詞常用that, 不用which.(5)先行詞有兩個(gè)，一個(gè)指人，一個(gè)指物，關(guān)系代詞應(yīng)該用that。而不用who, which.(6)who , which開(kāi)頭的特殊疑問(wèn)句中,關(guān)系代詞用that.(7)關(guān)系代詞作表語(yǔ)時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞用that.(8)先行詞是奇數(shù)詞或是序數(shù)詞時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞用that.(9)當(dāng)主句"therebe "開(kāi)頭時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞要用that引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句修飾該句型的

4、 主語(yǔ)。(10)當(dāng)先行詞是“ to be ”后面的表語(yǔ)時(shí)關(guān)系代詞用that . 實(shí)用文檔2.只能用which的情況非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，不能用關(guān)系代詞that,作賓語(yǔ)用的關(guān)系代詞也不能省略。those/that +名詞后的定語(yǔ)從句用which引導(dǎo)。不能用關(guān)系代詞that。介詞后只用wh i ch4） which還有一種特殊用法，它可以引導(dǎo)從句修飾前面的整個(gè)主句，代替主句所表示的 整體概念或部分概念。在這種從句中，which可以作主語(yǔ)，也可以作賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)。5）先行詞是that時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞要用which6）關(guān)系代詞后面有插入語(yǔ)時(shí)，應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞which.三,of +關(guān)系代詞：of whom表人，of

5、 which表物1）在介詞提前的情況下，當(dāng)先行詞是物時(shí)，介詞后只能跟which,當(dāng)先行詞是人時(shí)，介 詞后面只能是whom,此時(shí)關(guān)系供詞不可能用that , who,也可以省略.2）在含介詞的動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)中，若介詞與動(dòng)詞分開(kāi)會(huì)導(dǎo)致意思的變化時(shí)，介詞不能提前.This is the English dictionary which you * re Iooking for.3）當(dāng)先行詞是way時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞可能that , in which ,或者省略.This is the way that / in which he memor izes English words.四.關(guān)系副詞:1）當(dāng)先行詞時(shí)時(shí)間

6、，并在從句作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，用關(guān)系副詞when, （at, in , on , duringwhich）I'll always remember the day when I fi rst used E-mail to send message to myfr iends abroad.2）當(dāng)先行詞時(shí)地點(diǎn)，并在從句中作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，用where, （in , at, to which）The factory where his mother works is in the east of the city3）當(dāng)先行詞是原因，并在從句中作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，用關(guān)系副詞why. （for which）We a 11

7、 know the reson why she i s 1 ate for the work today.五限制性定語(yǔ)從句與非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別限制性定語(yǔ)從句非限制性定語(yǔ)從句從句與先行詞的關(guān)系從句是先行詞不可塊少的定語(yǔ)，如果從句只是對(duì)先行詞的附加說(shuō)明，如果省去，省去，主句的意思就會(huì)不完整或不明主句的意思仍然清梵或完整確。標(biāo)點(diǎn)從句和主句之間不用逗號(hào)分開(kāi)從句和主句之間通常用逗號(hào)分開(kāi)關(guān)指人 who (that) whom指人who （作主語(yǔ)）whom （做賓語(yǔ)）系指物 which (that)指物which代人和月勿whose人和物的whose詞關(guān)系代詞在從句中作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可以省關(guān)系代詞一般不可省去修

8、飾從句只修飾一個(gè)名詞或代詞可以修飾一個(gè)名詞或代詞也可修飾整個(gè)主句翻譯定語(yǔ)從句譯在被修飾詞的前面定語(yǔ)從句通常被譯成另一個(gè)獨(dú)立的句子限制性非限制性形式上無(wú)逗號(hào)有逗號(hào)內(nèi)容上先行詞不是唯一的先行詞是唯一的，定語(yǔ)從句可有可無(wú)。關(guān)系詞可用that , why,作賓語(yǔ)可以省略不可用that , whyo關(guān)系詞一律不省。先行詞名詞或代詞名詞或代詞，也可以使整個(gè)句子漢語(yǔ)翻譯譯作定語(yǔ)譯成并列句定語(yǔ)從句練習(xí) 1: 1. Is there a bar around I can have something to eat?A. that B. whatC. whichD. where2. The house,was d

9、estroyed in the terr ible fi re,has been repai red.A. the roof of wh i chB. wh i ch roofC. its roofD. the roof實(shí)用文檔of great importance.3. Edison made a lot of inventions,A. which I think are B. which I think they are C. which I think they D.I think which are4. I II talk about a newly-opened market yo

10、u may get a I I you need.A. in which; which B. where; thatC. where; what D. which;that5. Can you I end me the novel the other day?A. that you talked B. you talked about it C. which you talked with D. you taIked about6. is mentioned above, the number of the students in senior high school is increasin

11、g.A. WhichB. As C. That D. It7. The fence in our garden, my father built many years ago, has lasted for a long time.A. that B. which C. what D. where8. When lost i n work, he often was, he would forget a I I about eat i ng and sleeping.A. what B. soC. just I ikeD. as9. A footbaI I fan （球迷）is has a s

12、trong interest in footbaI I.A. a thing that B. something that C. a person whoD. what10. We travel led together as far as Chicago, we said goodbye to each other. 實(shí)用文檔C. whyD. whereA. whichB. when實(shí)用文檔11. The matteryou were arguing about last night has been settled.A. that B. what C. why D. for whichst

13、ands near12. Wi I I you please show me the way to the only taI I bui Idingthepost office?A.不填B. in which C. thatD. where13.His sister had bee a teacher, was what he wanted to be.A.whoB. whatC. thatD. which14. With the development of agr iculture,the peoplevi I I age I taught beforehave Iived a happy

14、 I ife.A. whoB. whoseC. i n whoseD. in which15. I hope you will find this valley a beautiful placeyou may spend yourweekend.A. whichB. thatC. whenD. where16. He must befrom Afr ica,can beseen from his skin. A. thatB.asC. itD. what17. Both the girl and her dogwerecrossing the street were hit by a ing

15、car.A. wh ichB. whoC. theyD. that18. I,your fr iend, wi I I try my best to help you out. A, which are B. which is 0. who is D. who am19. Is this just the city the foreign guests wish to pay a visit .A. which, to B. to which, /0. that, to D. to that, /20. It * s one of the most interesting stor ies I

16、 have readA. which, never B. that, ever C. that, never D. which, ever21. On my way home i n the street I saw a I ady I thought was your aunt. A. who B. whom C. which D. whose22. I remember that took part i n the ba I I party had a wonderfuI time.A. all B. all that C. all which D. all what23. This is

17、 the Iargest clock in the worId, the minute hand is six metres long.A. that B. of which C. which D. whose24. China is the bi rthplace of kites, kite flying spread to Japan, Korea, Thailand and India.A. from that B. from where C. from there D. from here25. is known to everybody, the moon traveIs roun

18、d the earth once every month.A. it B. As C. That D. What26. The journey around the worId took the old sailor nine months, the 實(shí)用文檔sailing time was 226 days. （04 廣西）A. of which B. during which C. from which D. for which27. I work in a business almost everyone is waiting for a great chance.（04湖南）A. ho

19、w B. which C. where D. that28. There wastimeI hated to go to school.（04 湖北）A. a; that B. a; when C. the; that D. the; when29. There are two buiIdings, stands nearly a hundred feet high. （04 湖；I匕）A. the larger B. the larger of them C. the larger one that D . the larger of which30. What surpr ised me

20、was not what he said buthe said it. （04 湖北）A. the way B. in the way that C. in the way D. the way which31. The factory produces half a million pai rs of shoes every year, 80% are sold abroad. （04 遼寧）A. of which B. which of 0. of them D. of that32. Amer ican women usuaI Iy identify thei r best fr ien

21、d as someone they can taIk frequently. （04 上海）A. whoB. as C. about which D. with whom33. The Engl ish play _ my students acted at the New Year' s party was a great 實(shí)用文檔success. （04 全國(guó) I ）A for which B at which C in which D on which34. There are altogether eleven books on the shelf, five are mine

22、. （04 全國(guó)IV）A on which B in which C of which D from which35. There were dirty marks on her trousers she had wiped her hands. （04全國(guó)II）A where B which C when D that36. Lucki ly, we' d brought a road map without we wouId have lost our way.（04 北京春季）A. it B. that C. this D. which37. Why does she a I w

23、ays ask you for he I p?There i s no one e I se,is there? （05 北京）A. who to turn to B. she can turn to C. for whom to turn D. for her to turn38. He was educated at a local grammar school, he went on to Cambr idge. （05山東）A. from whichB. after thatC. after which D. fromthis39. Many people who had seen t

24、he film were afraid to go to the forest when they 實(shí)用文檔remembered the scenes people were eaten by the tiger. （05 廣東） A. in which B. by whichC. which D. that40. Her sister has bee a lawyer, she wanted to be. （05 湖北）A. who B. that C. what D. which41. Frank* s dream was to have hi s own shop _to produce

25、 the workings of hi s own hands. （05 湖南）A. thatB. in whichC. by whichD. how42. The place the br idge i s supposed to be bui 11 shouId be the cross-r i vertraffic is the heaviest. （05 江蘇）A. which; where B. at which; which 0. at which; where D. which; in which43. The schooIs themseIves admit that not a I I chiIdren will be successfuI in the jobs _ they are being trained. （05 江西） A. in that B . for that C. in which D. for which44. I have many fr iends,some are businessmen. （05 全國(guó) 1）A. of them B. from which C. who of D. of whom45. If a shop has chairs_women can park their me