Unit-5-Dreams新編大學(xué)英語(yǔ)第二版第二冊(cè)課文翻譯

1、Unit 5 DreamsAre You a Dreamer?1 Dreams - why do we have them? Do they mean anything? Is there such a thing as a dream in which the events seen by the dreamer come true? Such questions have interested people for thousands of years. Scientific advances in the past few decades have revealed more about

2、 the physical process of sleep, but they still don't offer any final answers to the many questions about dreams that continue to puzzle us.2 Everyone dreams it's just that some of us can't remember doing so. Recordings of human brain waves show that we all go into dream mode when we fall

3、 asleep. We dream for most of the night, but we're only able to remember our dreams if we happen to wake up while we are still in REM (Rapid Eye Movement) sleep. This is when we dream. We have four or five REM stages of sleep during the night, the first occurring about 90 minutes after we fall a

4、sleep. After that, our dreaming periods recur every 90 minutes and last between 15 to 45 minutes, getting longer as the night progresses.3 The main purpose of sleeping (apart from giving us rest) may be to allow us to dream to review our lives, our worries and hopes in a totally different way, and t

5、o get an unconscious view of ourselves, getting rid of material from our memories that we no longer need.4 Some dreams may have a simple physiological cause. Dreaming of walking on hot coals, for example, may well be caused by sleeping with your feet too close to a heater. And the frustrating dream

6、in which you try to run but your legs won't move may be explained by bedding that is too tight. Anyone who sleeps through their alarm may well dream of doorbells or telephones ringing. All are simple examples of how the unconscious works with our conscious mind to guide and advise us.5 But such

7、physiological explanations are not enough to tell us why we dream. Some people believe that dreams are total nonsense, merely the result of the misfiring of electrical impulses in the brain, while on the other hand, some read great importance into even the simplest of dreams.6 Some dreams reflect in

8、ner fears that are instantly recognizable. Dreaming of losing your job or house can reflect real fears, even if they are only subconscious. Most of us have dreamed that we had to take a final exam for a difficult course, which we had never taken, or in which we had done poorly.7 But what of the drea

9、ms that do not have such an obvious meaning? For centuries, both men and women have sought the answers in so-called dream dictionaries, possibly the oldest of which dates back to 5000 BC. According to these dictionaries, a dream about drinking wine meant a short life, whereas a dream about drinking

10、water predicted a long life.8 By AD 200, dream dictionaries had lost none of their popularity, and theancientGreek Artemidorus wrote a five-volume interpretation of more than 3,000 dreams, listing such symbols as right hand (meaning father), left hand (meaning mother), and dolphin (agood omen).9 Tod

11、ay, there are countless books offering dream interpretations in libraries and bookshops. They're as popular as ever with dream enthusiasts, but most experts warn that they should be read with care. Psychoanalyst and author Kenneth Saunders explains,"Dreams are closely tied up with an indivi

12、dual's mind and analysis is so open to mistakesor errors. I believe you can only discover the true meaning of a dream if you know the person who had the dream."你做夢(mèng)嗎？1 夢(mèng)， 我們?yōu)槭裁磿?huì)做夢(mèng)？夢(mèng)有意義嗎？真的有夢(mèng)中所見(jiàn)的事成為現(xiàn)實(shí)這種事嗎？幾千年來(lái)這些問(wèn)題一直讓人們感興趣。過(guò)去幾十年的科學(xué)發(fā)展對(duì)睡眠的自然過(guò)程有了較多的認(rèn)識(shí)，然而對(duì)于與夢(mèng)有關(guān)的諸多問(wèn)題依然沒(méi)有提供最終的答案，這些問(wèn)題還要繼續(xù)困惑我們。2 人人都做夢(mèng)

13、 只不過(guò)有些人不記得做過(guò)夢(mèng)罷了。 人類(lèi)腦電波的記錄顯示我們所有人入睡后就進(jìn)入夢(mèng)境。整個(gè)夜晚的大多數(shù)時(shí)間我們都在做夢(mèng)，但只有當(dāng)我們處在REM （ 眼睛迅速轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng) ） 睡眠階段時(shí)醒來(lái)，才會(huì)記住所做的夢(mèng)。眼睛迅速轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)階段便是我們做夢(mèng)的時(shí)候。每晚我們有四、五個(gè)REM 睡眠階段，第一次出現(xiàn)在入睡后的 90 分鐘左右。此后，夢(mèng)期每90分鐘復(fù)現(xiàn)一次，每次持續(xù)15 到 45 分鐘，持續(xù)時(shí)間隨著夜晚的深入逐漸增長(zhǎng)。3 睡眠的主要目的（除讓我們休息外）也許就是讓我們做夢(mèng) 讓我們以一種截然不同的方式回顧我們的生活、 我們的憂(yōu)慮和希望， 以及在潛意識(shí)中觀(guān)察自我， 把不再需要的資料從記憶中剔除。4 有些夢(mèng)可能是由簡(jiǎn)單的生

14、理原因引起的。例如，夢(mèng)到在灼熱的煤塊上行走很可能是因?yàn)樗邥r(shí)腳太靠近取暖器。 而夢(mèng)到想跑但兩腿卻動(dòng)彈不了這種令人沮喪的境況， 也許是被子裹得太緊的緣故。 鬧鈴響了而依然熟睡的人則很可能會(huì)夢(mèng)到門(mén)鈴或電話(huà)鈴響。 所有這些都是潛意識(shí)和意識(shí)共同引導(dǎo)和啟示我們的簡(jiǎn)單例子。5 不過(guò)這些從生理的角度進(jìn)行的解釋尚不足以說(shuō)明為什么我們會(huì)做夢(mèng)。 有些人認(rèn)為夢(mèng)純粹是無(wú)稽之談， 僅僅是人腦中電脈沖無(wú)的放矢的結(jié)果， 然而， 有些人則認(rèn)為最簡(jiǎn)單的夢(mèng)都具有重要的含義。6 有些夢(mèng)反映的內(nèi)心憂(yōu)慮是立即可以識(shí)別的。夢(mèng)見(jiàn)失去工作或者沒(méi)了房子，也許是反映了真實(shí)的憂(yōu)慮， 即便這些憂(yōu)慮只是潛意識(shí)的。 我們大多數(shù)人都?jí)粢?jiàn)過(guò)必須參加一門(mén)很難

15、的課程的期末考試，也許是一門(mén)從未修過(guò)的，或許是學(xué)得很糟的課程。7 但是， 有一些夢(mèng)并沒(méi)有這樣明顯的含義， 這是怎么回事呢？多個(gè)世紀(jì)以來(lái)， 男男女女都從所謂的解夢(mèng)字典中尋找答案， 這類(lèi)字典最早的可以追溯到公元前5000 年。 根據(jù)這些字典，夢(mèng)見(jiàn)喝酒意味著短命，而夢(mèng)見(jiàn)喝水則預(yù)示長(zhǎng)壽。8 一直到公元200 年，解夢(mèng)字典受歡迎的程度仍絲毫未減。當(dāng)時(shí)，古希臘的阿爾米多魯斯寫(xiě)了一部長(zhǎng)達(dá)五卷的書(shū)，解析了 3000 多個(gè)夢(mèng)，列舉了一系列的象征，諸如右手（表示父親） ，左手（表示母親） ，以及海豚（表示好兆頭） 。9 如今，圖書(shū)館和書(shū)店里有無(wú)數(shù)的書(shū)籍為夢(mèng)做解析。對(duì)于那些熱衷于探討夢(mèng)的人來(lái)說(shuō)，它們依然深受歡迎。

16、然而，多數(shù)專(zhuān)家警告說(shuō)， 讀這些書(shū)時(shí)要非常謹(jǐn)慎。 心理分析家兼作家肯尼思 桑德斯解釋說(shuō)：夢(mèng)與每個(gè)人的思維密切相關(guān)，因此分析往往容易出現(xiàn)錯(cuò)誤和偏差。我認(rèn)為，只有當(dāng)你了解了做夢(mèng)的人時(shí)，才能發(fā)現(xiàn)夢(mèng)的真正含義。 ”Dreams That Came True1 On the night of November 7, 1965, Mary Daughtery had a nightmare. She cannotforget that dream nor can her husband, George. She tells of it like this:“ I dreamed I wason a hill

17、 at night. Lightning flashed and thunder rolled. Then I saw a bright light in the sky. There was a loud impact and I heard screams everywhere.”2 Mary says that then she saw a hand lying on the ground. She had a sense of dread, but she went closer. Then she saw an arm and then the shattered body at t

18、he end of the arm. She says that in her dream she screamed, “ Somebodpylease help! ” Thesnhe saw some men with a large basket made of wicker. They put the body into the basket and went away.3 Mary was still screaming when she woke up.“ Mary! ” George was bevnedring oher, shaking her. “ What is the m

19、atter? ” he asked.4 Mary told him,“ I just saw you killed in a plane crash. Oh George, please don't goon that plane to Cincinnati.”5 Mary begged him not to go, but George would not let her stop him. But as he drove to the airport, George began to feel strange . Then he saw a plane flying overhea

20、d, and his heart began to thump with fear. Then he knew he could not get on the plane. He called the airport and told them to cancel his ticket. Then he called Mary and took the train to Cincinnati.6 That night, Flight 383 ran into a bad storm when it tried to land in Cincinnati. The plane crashed i

21、nto a hill. Mary saw the news report on television. It was just like her dream. She saw men with baskets come to carry away bodies. But she knew George was safe. He was safe because of the omen of her dream.7 John Bradley also had a dream like this. He lived in England and was a teacher. He was also

22、 a naturalist. He liked to take his class on field trips to learn about nature.8 One night he had a dream. It came to him a week before one of the field trips he had planned. He dreamed he was leading his class along a country lane beside a churchyard.9 In his dream, Bradley told two of the boys to

23、lead the way through the churchyard. He would walk at the other end of the line to keep the small children moving. But as they went through the churchyard, Bradley felt the ground shake. Then he heard a loud cracking and ripping sound. Then something huge and dark rushed towards him. It was a huge e

24、lm tree. It crashed down right on top of the line of children.10 Bradley was very upset by his dream. He thought he should cancel the trip. He told his class about the dream, but they laughed at him. And they did not want to call off the trip. Even the other teachers laughed at him and told him he s

25、hould not spoil the children's fun. So Bradley agreed that they would go. “ Butyou must promise, ”he told them, “ to go only where I tell you to go.”11 So the field trip went ahead. When they came to the lane, Bradley would not let the children take a detour through the churchyard. Some of them

26、thought this was silly, but they did what they were told.12 At the end of the lane, they came to a bridge across a river. The older boys came to a halt and asked,“ Which way shall we go, sir? Shall we cross the river or stay on thepath beside it? ”13 Bradley stopped. He had a funny feeling about the

27、 footpath.“ Cross the bridge,he told them. So the childrenbegan to walk across the bridge. Then Bradley heard thesame terrible cracking sound he had heard in his dream. He looked back. On the very edge of the footpath, he saw a huge elm shake and tremble. Then it fell to the ground. His premonition

28、had come true. The children stared at each other and then at their teacher. If they had walked along the footpath, they would have been at the very spot where the tree had fallen.成為現(xiàn)實(shí)的夢(mèng)11965年11月7日的晚上，瑪麗 都特瑞做了一個(gè)噩夢(mèng)。她忘不了那個(gè)夢(mèng)，她的丈夫喬治也忘不了。她是這么講述自己的夢(mèng)的： “我夢(mèng)見(jiàn)夜里自己在一座山上。電閃雷鳴。然后我看 見(jiàn)天上一道亮光。巨大的撞擊聲，然后我聽(tīng)到四處都是尖叫聲。 ”

29、2 瑪麗說(shuō)，她接著看見(jiàn)地上有一只手。她感到有些害怕，但還是走上前去。然后她看見(jiàn)快來(lái)人哪！了一只胳膊，胳膊的那頭是疏疏落落的尸體碎塊。她說(shuō)，她在夢(mèng)里尖叫起來(lái)：然后她看見(jiàn)一些人抬著一個(gè)大柳條筐。他們把尸體放進(jìn)筐里，就走了。3 瑪麗驚醒時(shí)還在叫喊著。 “瑪麗！ ”喬治俯下身，推推她。 “怎么了？ ”他問(wèn)。4 瑪麗告訴他： “我剛才夢(mèng)見(jiàn)你飛機(jī)失事死了。噢，喬治，求求你不要坐那趟去辛辛那提的航班。 ”5 瑪麗求他不要去，但是喬治不聽(tīng)她的勸阻。 然而， 在他開(kāi)車(chē)去機(jī)場(chǎng)的路上， 喬治開(kāi)始感到有點(diǎn)不對(duì)頭。 接著他看見(jiàn)一架飛機(jī)從頭頂飛過(guò)， 心慌得砰砰直跳。 于是他明白自己不能坐那趟飛機(jī)了。他給機(jī)場(chǎng)打電話(huà)， 取消

30、了機(jī)票。 然后他給瑪麗打電話(huà)，接著乘火車(chē)去了辛辛那提。6 那天晚上， 383 次航班試圖在辛辛那提降落時(shí)遇上了暴風(fēng)雨。 飛機(jī)撞上了一座山。 瑪麗在電視上看到了有關(guān)的新聞報(bào)道。 那情形就同她夢(mèng)見(jiàn)的一模一樣。 她看見(jiàn)人們拿筐運(yùn)走了尸體。但是她知道喬治沒(méi)事。因?yàn)橛辛怂菈?mèng)的預(yù)兆，喬治得以安然無(wú)恙。7 約翰 布雷德利也做過(guò)類(lèi)似的夢(mèng)。他住在英格蘭，是一位教師。他還是一位博物學(xué)家，喜歡帶他班上的學(xué)生到校外考察旅行，了解大自然。8 一天晚上，他做了一個(gè)夢(mèng)。這是在他安排了一次校外考察旅行之前一個(gè)星期發(fā)生的事。他夢(mèng)見(jiàn)自己領(lǐng)著班上的學(xué)生走在一條鄉(xiāng)間的小路上，邊上就是教堂墓地。9 在夢(mèng)里，布雷德利讓兩個(gè)男孩帶隊(duì)穿過(guò)

31、教堂墓地。他自己走在隊(duì)伍的末尾，以便讓小一些的孩子保持前進(jìn)。然而，就在他們穿過(guò)教堂墓地的時(shí)候， 布雷德利感到地面在震動(dòng)。接著他聽(tīng)見(jiàn)了巨大的斷裂聲。 然后， 有個(gè)黑乎乎的龐然大物朝他砸過(guò)來(lái)。 那是一棵巨大的榆樹(shù)，正好兜頭砸在孩子們的隊(duì)伍上。10 這個(gè)夢(mèng)使布雷德利非常不安。 他覺(jué)得應(yīng)該取消這次外出。 他把這個(gè)夢(mèng)告訴了班上的學(xué)生，但是他們都覺(jué)得他很可笑， 而且都不愿意取消這次旅行。 甚至其他老師也笑話(huà)他， 跟他說(shuō)不應(yīng)該讓孩子們掃興。于是布雷德利同意出行。 “但是你們必須答應(yīng)我， ”他跟他們講， “往哪兒走你們只能聽(tīng)我的。 ”11 于是，他們出發(fā)了。當(dāng)他們走到那條小路時(shí)，布雷德利不讓孩子們改道穿過(guò)教堂

32、墓地。有些孩子覺(jué)得這樣做很蠢，不過(guò)他們還是按老師說(shuō)的做了。12 走到小路的盡頭，他們面前是一座過(guò)河的橋。年紀(jì)大一些的男孩子停了下來(lái)，問(wèn)： “老師，我們應(yīng)該走哪條道？過(guò)河呢，還是走沿河的小路？ ”13 布雷德利停住腳步。他對(duì)那條小路有一種古怪的感覺(jué)。 “過(guò)橋， ”他告訴他們。于是孩子們開(kāi)始過(guò)橋。接著， 布雷德利聽(tīng)到了可怕的斷裂聲，同自己在夢(mèng)中聽(tīng)到的完全一樣。他回頭一看，只見(jiàn)就在那條小路邊上，一棵巨大的榆樹(shù)搖搖晃晃，倒在了地上。他的預(yù)感應(yīng)驗(yàn)了。孩子們面面相覷， 然后看著自己的老師。 如果剛才他們走那條小路的話(huà)， 那么他們就正好在那棵榆樹(shù)倒下來(lái)的位置上。Dreaming Up a Good Mood

33、1 According to new studies, dreams can fix your bad moods each night and if you're depressed, dreams may predict whether you'll recover more quickly.2 It is natural to wake up in the morning with a sunny outlook, relieved of the previous evening's worries. In fact, studies show that a so

34、lid night of sleep improves moods in healthy individuals.3 But sleep's effects on healthy and depressed people are as different as night and day. People who are seriously depressed actually feel worse after sleeping, since they have more abstract, confusing dreams.4 Research led Rosalind Cartwri

35、ght, Ph.D, director of the Sleep Research Center at Rush-Presbyterian-St. Luke's Medical Center in Chicago, to wonder how dreams allow our brains to repair our moods and why this feel-good mechanism doesn't seem to work in the seriously depressed.5 In the first of two studies, Cartwrightgave

36、 a mood test to normally healthyparticipants, recorded their sleep in a laboratory for one night, then gave them a second mood test when they rose in the morning.During the night, the volunteers wereawakened now and then and asked to describe the content of their dreams. Subjects were divided into t

37、wo groups: one having neutral feelings before bedtime and one with bad moods.6 Cartwright found that subjects who had been in neutral moods before sleeping had little change in attitude when they woke. Subjects who were generally not depressed but went to bed in a bad mood, however, reported feeling

38、 much better after a good night's sleep.7 This change was reflected in their dreams: people whose moods improved overnight reported experiencing more negative dreams at the beginning of the night and progressively fewer and fewer as sleep went on. Subjects in neutral moods had no change in the c

39、ontent of their dreams.8 “ Thestudy shows that mood does get adjusted overnight, ”says Cartwright. “ Ifyou go to sleep in a bad mood, your brain goes to work right away on negative dream material at the beginning of the night so your bad mood is reduced by the end of the night. ”9 Next, Cartwright r

40、epeated the experiment using couples who were depressed by a recent marriage separation. While some unhappy patients dreamed less about serious emotional content and more about lighter topics as the night progressed, others had more disturbing dreams just before waking than at the beginning of sleep

41、.10 Assuming that the former group was dreaming away their negative feelings each night, the researchers predicted that they would eventually work through their depression. And they were right a follow-up study showed that 72% of the subjects in that group hadfewer signs of depression one year later

42、.11 “ Thelast dream of the night is the one that patients are most likely toremember, ” explains Cartwright.12 While the first group was actively working through their blues, resulting in more pleasant dreams at the end of the night and a brighter morning mood, those whose dreams became increasingly unpleasant were more likely to feel low when they woke.13 Still, this finding has a positive aspect. It allows sleep therapists to predict which of the depressed persons need the most help. It also tells them the topics that disturb their patients most.14 “ Ifpatients remember a bad dream, ” no