新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程4（思政智慧版）課件 Unit1 Urban development Section B

Unit1Urbandevelopment讀寫教程4Cityplansmustfitthepeople,nottheotherwayround!—JaneJacobs(American-Canadianurbanologistandwriter)SectionBReadingskillsTextBReading

comprehensionCollocation新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程4SectionB新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程4Readingskills1

SkimTextBtofindanswerstothefollowingquestions.1Whatisthetextmainlyabout?Thistextismainlyaboutthetrendofdeurbanization/thetrendofmovingawayfromcities.2Whatisthemainfactorthattriggersdeurbanizationaccordingtotheauthor?Themainfactorthattriggersdeurbanizationistechnologicaldevelopment.Thespecificareasoftechnologydiscussedinthetextincludedecentralizedsupplysystems,digitaltechnology,andautomationandrobotics.SkimmingSectionB新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程4Readingskills1

SkimTextBtofindanswerstothefollowingquestions.3Whichparagraphsofthetextfocusonthedisadvantagesoflivingincities?Paras.8-10focusonthedisadvantagesoflivingincities.Theauthormentionsanumberofdownsidesofcitiessuchasthehecticpaceoflife,constraintsonhouseholdorrentexpenditure,theformationofheatislands,andpotentialproblemscausedbytheshrinkingofcities(e.g.economicdifficultiesanddecliningincomes).SkimmingSectionB新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程41Althoughtheglobalfinancialcrisisfollowingahousingbubbleoccurredbetween2007and2010,it’sstillscaryandunforgettabletomanyofustoday.Chancesarethatthenextfinancialcrisiswillfocusoncitiesbecausewemaysoonseetheendofurbanization.Manymayconsiderthisanexaggeration–afterall,citiesprovidenumerousbenefitstopeople.Thisistrue,butnewtechnologiesnowadaysaremakingurbanizationunnecessary,soit’stimefordeurbanization.EmbracethetrendofdeurbanizationDetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程42Itmakessensethatproximity,orcloseness,broughtaboutbyurbanizationorcentralization,letsyoureducecommutingtimeandexpenses.Themorepeopleliveclosetogether,thelargeryoursalesmarketis.Citiesalsoofferjobandeducationopportunitiesasfactories,schools,andserviceprovidersarewithineasyreach.Inaddition,proximityallowsthecostofinfrastructures,suchasroads,sewers,andelectricitylines,tobeshared.Asaresult,citiesbecomemagnetsforwealth,money,services,opportunities,andpeople.DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程4Detailedstudyofthetext3Doesn’tthatmeanwewillcontinuetoliveincities?Ithinknot,becauseoftheFourthIndustrialRevolution,whichismarkedbyemergingtechnologybreakthroughsinanumberoffields.Amongthesearerobotics,artificialintelligence,nanotechnology,biotechnology,theInternetofThings,autonomousvehiclesandothers,whichareleadingtoprofoundchangesintheentiresystemsofproductionandmanagementofoursociety.SectionB新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程44Thesenewtechnologieswill,inonewayoranother,reducethebenefitsofcities.Theneedforproximitywilldeclinewithnewtechnologies,whetherit’sremoteworking,onlinedating,oronlineshopping.Thoughthehome-deliverymarketforfoodandmerchandiseisinthemidstofaboom,newtechnologiesdonotneedroads,justtransportation,whetherbyplaneorflyingcar.DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程45Infact,decentralizationinthesupplysystemsofdailynecessitiesisonthehorizon.Forinstance,manypeoplereceivedrinkingwaterfromthetap,whiledecentralizedalternativescannowharvestwaterfromtheairandcreatecleanwaterinsubstantialquantities.Decentralizedsewersystemscanalsotakecareofwastewater.Wecanalsogenerateelectricitywithsolarpanels,windturbines,andlivingplantstochargeourtablet,bakeacake,warmourhouse,andfuelourcar.DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程46Backinthelate1990s,evenmanyeminentpeoplewerevagueaboutdigitaltechnology.Theyunderestimateditsmassiveimpact,thinkingmobilephoneswereanunrealisticideaandgoingwirelesswiththeInternetofThingsseemedtobethedistantfuture.Theyneverimaginedwhatitwouldbeliketoday.Smartphonesarenowunquestionably

popularized.With4Gand5Gbeingused,virtualproximitywillreachawholenewlevelbeyondwhatispossiblewithourcurrentapps.DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程47Furthermore,automation

androbotizationwillundoubtedlyhavesignificantimplicationsforbothblue-collarandwhite-collarwork,withabouthalfofthejobsgivingwaytocomputerization.Newjobswillinevitablybecreatedbytechnology–yetthetypesofjobswillbedifferentandthenumbercanberathersmallcomparedtothatofthejobslost.Thiswillerodemanypeople’sconfidenceinlandingjobsincities.Socontemplatingyourfuturecareerprospectsisamustnow.DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程48Removingtheadvantagesofcity-livingleavesonlyitsdisadvantages,suchasthehecticpaceoflife,constraints

onhouseholdorrentexpenditure,andlittleavailablespaceforpersonalrecreation.Ifyouareinafinanciallyvulnerablestate,orworryaboutlivingonthefringeofsociety,youmayfeelcompelledtoworkharderandchangeyourstatusquo.Withoutaclearwayout–thewaytolivebetter–thismentalstatecancauseanguishanddistress,abreedinggroundforbiggerproblems.DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程49Buttheproblemsdon’tendthere.Citiescanformurbanheatislands.Simplyput,thismeansurbanareasbecomemuchwarmerandmorehumidthantheirruralsurroundings.Darksurfacesabsorbsunlightmoreeffectively,andthethermalpropertiesofconcreteandsteelindicatetheycontainfarmoreheatthanplants.Plantscooltheirsurroundingsthroughevapotranspiration;concreteandsteelareunabletodothis.Consequently,heatislandscansignificantlydecreaseairandwaterquality,whichiscatastrophicsinceitbringsdiseases,ailments,andallergies.DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程410Anotherphenomenonthatisassociatedwiththedecreasingdesirabilityofcitiesisthatnoteverycityisgrowing.Thedepartureoflargeemployersfromanarea,unabletokeeptheirbusinessafloat,canputcitiesinaneconomicdilemma.Thisstartsaviciouscircleinvolvingfallinghousingdemandandprices,alackofmoneytomaintainproperties,anddecliningtaxincomes,possiblyprovokinganewfinancialcrisis.Withautomationandartificialintelligenceleadingtolargejobreductionsinmanyindustries,wemayexpecttoseemoreshrinkingcities.DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程411

Giventhemanydownsidesofcities,whyshouldwestillmoveintocitieswhentheirleverageandvigorarediminishing?Whyshouldwepayalotofmoneytoliveinclosequarterswithotherpeopleandnotreapthebenefits?Itseemsirrationaltocontinuemovingintocitieswhenthingsarebecomingdecentralized.Yet,itseemsthatalmosteverybodyintheworldassumesurbanizationwillremainandcontinue.Havetheyeverthoughtaboutthecumulativeeffectsofurbanization?DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程412Deurbanizationisimperative.Whiletheadvantagesofacitymayoutweighthedisadvantagesforsomepeople,it’snolongerthecaseforeveryone.Evenifsomejobswouldn’tbeaffectedbyshiftsintechnology,thereisstillthefactofshrinkingcitiestoconsider.Wehavemovedtowardcitiesbecausethey’rewheretheopportunitiesusedtobe,butwecandeducethattheprospectsofthefuturewillbesomewhereelse.Therefore,let’sbidfarewelltotheheartlandofmajorcitiesandembracethetrendofdeurbanization!Detailedstudyofthetext★deurbanization:n.[U]thedemographicandsocialprocessbywhichpeoplemovefromurbanareastoruralareas逆城市化SeveralAmericancitiesarenowfacedwithlarge-scaledeurbanization,whichresultsinvacanthomes,abandonedbuildings,andemptyfactories.好幾個美國城市現(xiàn)在都面臨大規(guī)模的逆城市化，導致出現(xiàn)了許多空置的房屋、廢棄的建筑和空蕩蕩的工廠。SectionB新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程4DetailedstudyofthetextSectionBMeaning:

Althoughtheglobalfinancialcrisishappenedbetween2007and2010asaresultofaneconomicbubbleinthehousingmarket,manyofusstillfeelscaredandcannotforgetiteventoday.新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程4DetailedstudyofthetextSectionBMeaning:

Itislikelythatthenextfinancialcrisiswillaffectmostlycitiesbecauseurbanizationmaysooncometoanend.Manypeoplemaythinkthisideaistooextremetobetruebecausecitiesprovidepeoplewithlotsofbenefits.新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程4DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程4Note(the)chancesare:usedforsayingthatsth.islikelytohappenbutisnotcertain有可能Ifyou’vebeentoaweddinglately,chancesarethatyou’veheardthatsongbecauseitisoneofthemostpopularlovesongsthesedays.如果你近期參加過婚禮，你就有可能聽過這首歌，因為它是當前最流行的情歌之一。DetailedstudyofthetextSectionBMeaning:Thatseemstomeanwewillcontinuetoliveincities.ButIdon’tthinkso,becauseoftheFourthIndustrialRevolution,duringwhichsignificanttechnologicalinnovationsaretakingplaceinmanyfields.新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程4Detailedstudyofthetext★proximity:n.[U](fml.)nearnessindistanceortime（距離或時間的）接近，臨近；鄰近Whathomebuyerslikebestaboutthisneighborhoodisitsproximitytotheriver.購房者最喜歡這個社區(qū)的一點是它靠近河流。SectionB新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程4Detailedstudyofthetext★centralization:n.[U]theprocessofgatheringtoacenter集于中心；集中MoretimelydatacentralizationthroughInternetaccessallowsustobuildasystemforsharingpublichealthdata.通過互聯(lián)網(wǎng)更及時地集中數(shù)據(jù)，我們可以建立一個公共健康數(shù)據(jù)共享系統(tǒng)。SectionB新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程4Detailedstudyofthetext★commute:vi.travelalongdistanceeverydaybetweenone’shomeandplaceofwork長途上下班；通勤Metrotrainisthemostconvenientoptionformetocommutebetweenmysuburbanhomeanddowntownofficeeveryday.地鐵是我每天上下班往返于郊區(qū)住宅和市區(qū)辦公室之間最便利的選擇。SectionB新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程4DetailedstudyofthetextSectionBMeaning:

Asaresult,citiesbecomeplacesthatattractalotofwealth,money,services,andpeople,andprovidemanyopportunities.新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程4Detailedstudyofthetext★magnet:n.[C]1)sth.orsb.thatattractsmanypeopleorthings有吸引力的事物或人Withitsuniquestyleandartisticdecorations,thetheaterhasbecomeamagnetforthecity’screativeandfashionableyoungpeople.該劇院以其獨特的風格和藝術裝飾吸引了這座城市富有創(chuàng)意且時尚的年輕人。

SectionB新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程4Detailedstudyofthetext2)apieceofironorsteelthatcansticktometalormakeothermetalobjectsmovetowardit磁鐵；磁石；吸鐵石Thisexperimentissupposedtoletthechildrenseewhetherthemagnetwillattractmaterialslikepaperclips,coins,etc.這個實驗是讓孩子們看看磁鐵會不會吸住回形針、硬幣等物品。SectionB新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程4DetailedstudyofthetextSectionBMeaning:

Thatseemstomeanwewillcontinuetoliveincities.ButIdon’tthinkso,becauseoftheFourthIndustrialRevolution,duringwhichsignificanttechnologicalinnovationsaretakingplaceinmanyfields.新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程4Detailedstudyofthetext★industrial:a.1)relatingtoindustryorthepeopleworkinginit工業(yè)的；產(chǎn)業(yè)工人的DespiteaslightfallinJune,industrialproductionintheregionwasstill2.6percenthighercomparedtoayearearlier.盡管該地區(qū)的工業(yè)產(chǎn)量在六月份稍有下降，但是與上一年相比仍上升了2.6%。SectionB新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程4Detailedstudyofthetext2)havingmanyindustries有很多工業(yè)的；工業(yè)發(fā)達的Climatewillcontinuetoworsenunlesstheworld’sindustrialnationssignificantlyreducetheiremissionsofgreenhousegases.

除非世界上的工業(yè)國家大幅度減少溫室氣體的排放，否則氣候?qū)⒗^續(xù)惡化。SectionB新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程4DetailedstudyofthetextSectionBMeaning:

Thesefieldsincludeareasofscienceandtechnologyrelatedtorobots,artificialintelligence,nanotechnology,biotechnology,theInternetofThings,self-drivingcars,andothers.Alltheseareleadingtogreatchangesintheentireproductionandmanagementsystemsofhumansociety.新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程4Detailedstudyofthetext★robotics:n.[U]thescienceofmakingandusingrobots機器人學；機器人技術Manylow-endmanufacturingjobswilldisappearbecauseofautomationandrobotics.

由于自動化和機器人技術的使用，許多低端的制造業(yè)工作都將消失。SectionB新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程4Detailedstudyofthetext★nanotechnology:n.[U]asciencewhichinvolvesdevelopingandmakingextremelysmallbutverypowerfulmachines納米技術Thelabisconductingseveralresearchprojectstoexplorepotentialapplicationsofnanotechnologyinfieldslikemedicine,transportation,andfashion.這個實驗室正在開展數(shù)個研究項目，以探索納米技術在醫(yī)學、交通和時尚等領域的潛在應用。SectionB新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程4DetailedstudyofthetextSectionBMeaning:

Theneedforpeopleandthingstobeclosetoeachotherwilldecreaseduetonewtechnologies,nomatterwhethertheyaretechnologiesforremoteworking,onlinedating,oronlineshopping.新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程4DetailedstudyofthetextSectionBMeaning:

Althoughthemarketfordeliveringfoodandgoodstopeople’shomesisgrowing,newtechnologiesdonotneedroadstodothedelivery.Instead,theyjustneedtotransportthingsanditdoesn’tmatterifthisisdonebyplaneorflyingcar.新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程4Detailedstudyofthetext★merchandise:n.[U](fml.)goodsthatarebeingsold商品；貨品Companiescanavoiddutieswhenexportingorimportingmerchandiseiftheyarelocatedintheseforeign-tradezones.如果公司位于這些外貿(mào)區(qū)的話，進出口商品時就可以免交關稅。SectionB新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程4Detailedstudyofthetext★midst:n.(inthe~ofsth.)1)whileaneventorsituationishappening在某事的進行過程中；正當某事發(fā)生的時候Chinaisinthemidstoftransitioningfromamanufacturing-basedeconomytoonedrivenbyinnovationandknowledge.中國正處于從以制造業(yè)為基礎的經(jīng)濟向以創(chuàng)新和知識為驅(qū)動的經(jīng)濟轉型的過程中。SectionB新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程4Detailedstudyofthetext2)inthemiddleofaplaceoragroupofthingsorpeople在（某地）中部；在（一堆事物或一群人）中間I’mproudthatourcampussitsinthemidstofthisancientculturalcapital.我很自豪我們的校園坐落在這座文化古都的中心。SectionB新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程4DetailedstudyofthetextSectionBMeaning:

Infact,decentralizationinthesupplysystemofgoodsthatareessentialtolifeislikelytohappensoon.新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程4Detailedstudyofthetext★decentralization:n.[U]1)movingtheoperationsofabusinessorotherorganizationsfromasingle,centralplacetoseveralsmallerones（公司或其他組織的業(yè)務）分散化；疏散Aspartofanationaldecentralizationproject,theorganizationistransferringmoreaspectsofitsservicestothemunicipallevel.

作為一項全國范圍內(nèi)分散化項目的一部分，該機構正將更多服務轉移到市級層面進行。SectionB新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程4Detailedstudyofthetext2)theactorprocessofgivingsomeofthepowerofacentralgovernment,organization,etc.tosmallerpartsororganizationsaroundthecountry權力分散；下放權力Thecountry’sdecentralizationpoliciesintherecentdecadeaimtoincreaseurbanizationanddevelopmentinareasoutsidethecapitalcity.近十年來該國的權力下放政策旨在提升首都以外地區(qū)的城市化水平，促進發(fā)展。SectionB新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程4Detailedstudyofthetext★onthehorizon:likelytohappeninthenearfuture將要發(fā)生的；即將來臨的Ididn’thaveanyotherjobonthehorizon,soIacceptedthistemporaryposition.我近期不會有其他工作機會，所以就接受了這個臨時職位。SectionB新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程4DetailedstudyofthetextSectionBMeaning:Forexample,manypeoplegetthewatertheydrinkfromthetap,butalternativesystemsestablishedinsmallerandlocalplacesinsteadofacentralplacenowenablepeopletocollectwaterfromtheairandthencreatelargeamountsofcleanwater.Sewersystemsestablishedinlocalplacescanalsoprocesswastewater.新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程4Detailedstudyofthetext★instance:

n.1)(for~)forexample例如Itishealthytohaveanicebreakfasteveryday.Youmight,forinstance,startyourdaywithabreakfastofonesliceofbreadandaglassofmilk.每天吃一頓美味的早餐有益健康。比如，你可以用一片面包加一杯牛奶作為早餐來開始一天的生活。SectionB新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程4Detailedstudyofthetext2)[C]anexampleofaparticularkindofsituation（特定情況的）例子，實例Acertainpercentageofmedicalcuresmaybeinstancesofspontaneoushealingratherthanresultsoftreatment.醫(yī)療治愈的例子中可能有一定比例是自我康復而非治療的結果。SectionB新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程4Detailedstudyofthetext★alternative:

n.[C]sth.thatyoucanchooseinsteadofsth.else供替代的選擇；供選擇的東西Toenablefastergrowth,wehavenoalternativebuttorelyonscientificandtechnologicalprogress.為實現(xiàn)快速發(fā)展，我們別無選擇，必須依靠科技進步。a.(onlybeforenoun)differentfromsth.elseandabletobeusedinsteadofit供替代的；供選擇的Thisplanisnotworkable;wemustcomeupwithanalternativemethod.這個計劃行不通，我們必須想其他的方法。SectionB新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程4DetailedstudyofthetextSectionBMeaning:Inaddition,wecanuseequipmentforsolarorwindenergyandlivingplantstoproduceelectricitytochargeourtabletcomputer,bakeacake,heatourhouse,andfuelourcar.新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程4Detailedstudyofthetext★solar:

a.(onlybeforenoun)1)usingthepowerofthesun’slightandheat利用太陽光（能）的Windandsolarenergyarebecomingincreasinglyaffordable,butneithercanproduceelectricitycontinuously.風能和太陽能變得越來越便宜，但是二者都不能持續(xù)產(chǎn)生電力。2)relatingtothesun太陽的；和太陽有關的Thelabisbuildinganadvancedinstrumenttodetectplanetsorbitingstarsoutsidethesolarsystem.該實驗室正在建造一部先進儀器，以探測太陽系以外圍繞恒星運行的行星。SectionB新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程4Detailedstudyofthetext★panel:n.[C]1)aflatpieceofwood,glass,etc.withstraightsides,whichformspartofadoor,wall,fence,etc.（門、墻、柵欄等的）鑲板，嵌板；窗玻璃片Thealuminumpanelsofthedoorcanvaryinthickness,andthethicknessofthealuminumisthebasisofhowthegaragedoorisgraded.門的鋁板厚度不同，而鋁板的厚度是車庫門分級的基礎。SectionB新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程4Detailedstudyofthetext2)agroupofpeoplewithskillsorspecialistknowledgewhohavebeenchosentogiveadviceoropinionsonaparticularsubject（由選定人員組成的）專家咨詢組Therewillbeapanelofexpertsfromacrossthecountrytoansweryourquestionsandgiveyouup-to-dateinformationabouttheissue.將有來自全國各地的專家小組回答您的問題，并為您提供有關該問題的最新信息。SectionB新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程4Detailedstudyofthetext★solarpanel:n.[C]apieceofequipment,usu.keptonaroof,thatcollectsandusesenergyfromthesuntoheatwaterormakeelectricity（通常放在屋頂?shù)模┨柲茈姵匕錓nadditiontobuildinglargesolarfarms,installingsolarpanelsonvillagers’roofsisalsoanimportantoptiontoproducesolarpower.除了建造大型太陽能發(fā)電場，在村民的屋頂上安裝太陽能電池板也是生產(chǎn)太陽能電力的一個重要選擇。SectionB新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程4Detailedstudyofthetext★windturbine:n.[C]風力發(fā)電機Althoughsmallwindturbinesmakeeconomicsenseinmanylocations,they’renotforeveryoneastheytakeupalotofland.盡管小型風力發(fā)電機在許多地方都有經(jīng)濟意義，但因為需要占用大量土地，所以并不適用于所有人。SectionB新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程4DetailedstudyofthetextSectionBMeaning:Backinthelate1990s,evenmanyfamousandrespectedpeoplewereunsureaboutdigitaltechnology.新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程4Detailedstudyofthetext★eminent:a.famous,important,andrespected著名的；杰出的；顯赫的Ithasbeenveryrewardingfortheteachertoseesomanyofhisstudentsgoontobecomeeminentlawyers,judges,andscholars.看到他這么多學生后來成為著名的律師、法官和學者，這位老師很有成就感。SectionB新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程4DetailedstudyofthetextSectionBMeaning:Theythoughtdigitaltechnologywouldhaveamuchsmallerimpactthanithasactuallyhad.Theyconsideredmobilephonesanimpracticalideaforlarge-scaledigitalcommunication.TheyalsobelievedthatwirelesscommunicationthroughtheInternetofThingswassomethingthatwouldn’tbeavailableuntilthefarfuture.Theyneverimaginedwhatthesituationwouldbeliketoday.Thereisnodoubtthatsmartphoneshavenowbecomeverypopularandcommon.新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程4Detailedstudyofthetext★underestimate:v.thinkorguessthatsth.issmaller,cheaper,easier,etc.thanitreallyis（對…）估計不足；低估；看輕Atfirst,traditionalretailerswerereluctanttosetuptheirownonlinestoresbecausetheyunderestimatedthepowerofInternetsales.起初，傳統(tǒng)零售商不愿意開網(wǎng)店，因為他們低估了互聯(lián)網(wǎng)銷售的力量。SectionB新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程4Detailedstudyofthetextvt.thinkthatsb.isnotasgood,clever,orskillfulastheyreallyare輕視，小看（某人）Herplanwasreallybrilliant.Clearlywehadunderestimatedherfromtheverybeginning.她的計劃真的很棒。很顯然，我們從一開始就小看了她。SectionB新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程4Detailedstudyofthetext★unquestionably:ad.usedtoemphasizethatsth.iscertainlytrue毫無疑問地；無可置疑地；肯定地Summerisunquestionablymyfavoriteseason,becauseIjustlovethesmellofthetreesandfruitsonthisisland.夏天無疑是我最喜歡的季節(jié)，因為我很喜歡島上樹木和水果的味道。SectionB新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程4Detailedstudyofthetext★popularize:vt.1)makesth.popularwithmanypeople使受歡迎；宣傳；推廣Themusicshehelpedpopularizeisablendofold-timeMexicanfolkmusicandcontemporaryU.S.pop.她幫助推廣的音樂融合了古老的墨西哥民間音樂和當代美國的流行音樂。SectionB新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程4Detailedstudyofthetext2)makeadifficultsubjectorideaabletobeeasilyunderstoodbyordinarypeople使通俗化；使大眾化；使易懂Mostgeneralnewspapershavesectionsinwhichtheydiscussscientificprogressandpopularizescientificdiscoveries.

多數(shù)大眾報紙都會有討論科學進步和普及科學發(fā)現(xiàn)的版塊。SectionB新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程4DetailedstudyofthetextSectionBMeaning:Withtheuseof4Gand5G,virtualclosenesswillreachanentirelynewlevelthatexceedswhatispossiblewithourcurrentapps.新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程4DetailedstudyofthetextSectionBMeaning:What’smore,thereisnodoubtthattheuseofcomputers,machines,androbotstoperformvarioustaskswillhaveagreatimpactonbothblue-collarandwhite-collarjobs,andabouthalfofthejobswillbereplacedbycomputers.新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程4Detailedstudyofthetext★automation:n.[C]

theuseofcomputersandmachinesinsteadofpeopletodoajob自動化Thisexpressdeliverycompanyismakingacomprehensiveautomationplanthatinvolveslarge-scaleuseofrobotstosortlettersandpackages.這家快遞公司正在制定一項全面的自動化計劃，該計劃將大規(guī)模使用機器人來分揀信件和包裹。SectionB新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程4Detailedstudyofthetext★robotization:n.[U]theintroductionofrobotstocarryoutvarioustasks自動化；機器人化Increasingrobotizationoffactoriesistransformingtraditionalmanufacturingindustries,creatingnewopportunitiesforbusinessesandworkersalike.工廠自動化程度的不斷提高正在改變傳統(tǒng)制造業(yè)，為企業(yè)和工人創(chuàng)造新的機會。SectionB新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程4DetailedstudyofthetextSectionBMeaning:Thiswillcausemanypeopletobecomelessconfidentaboutfindingjobsincities.Therefore,youmustconsiderthepossibilityofyourfuturecareernow.新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程4Detailedstudyofthetext★erode:v.1)graduallyreducesth.suchassb.’spowerorconfidence逐步損害，逐漸削弱（權力或信心）Hisimaginationofthatpositionwasgraduallyerodedashebegantounderstanditsdailyduties.當他開始了解這份工作的日常職責時，他對該職位的幻想逐漸破滅了。SectionB新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程4Detailedstudyofthetext2)graduallydestroythesurfaceofrockorlandsothatitbeginstodisappear,orbegraduallydestroyedinthisway侵蝕；腐蝕；風化Thewavescreatedbylargeshipsastheysailedtoandfromtheportseverelyerodedthenowtreelessriverbanks.大型船只進出港口時帶來的波浪嚴重侵蝕了本就樹木全無的河岸。SectionB新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程4DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程4Notesth.isamust:sth.isabsolutelynecessary;youmustdoorhavesth.inaparticularsituation…是必不可少的；（在某種情況下）必須要…，必須有…Publictransportationislimitedinasmalltownlikethis,soformostpeopleacarisamust.像這樣的小鎮(zhèn)上公共交通很有限，所以對大多數(shù)人來說，汽車是必不可少的。Ifyouareplanningtostayovernightinthemountains,warmclothesareamust.如果你們打算在山里過夜，必須要有保暖的衣服。DetailedstudyofthetextSectionBMeaning:Oncetheadvantagesoflivingincitiesdisappear,thereareonlydisadvantagesleft.Forexample,yourlifeisbusyeverydayandyouhavetodoeverythingquickly;youhavelimitedfinancialabilitytopayforfamilyneedsortopayrent;andyoucan’teasilyfindaspaceforpersonalleisureactivities.新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程4Detailedstudyofthetext★constraint:n.1)[C]sth.thatlimitsyourfreedomtodowhatyouwant限制；束縛；約束力Duetotimeandfinancialconstraints,theresearchteamdeterminedthatthenumberofschoolstobesurveyedshouldbereducedbyhalf.因為時間和財力的限制，研究團隊決定將調(diào)研的學校數(shù)量減半。SectionB新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程4Detailedstudyofthetext2)[U]controloverthewaypeopleareallowedtobehave,sothattheycannotdowhattheywant行為約束Theseopen-endedquestionsprovidestudentstheopportunitytorespondwithoutconstraintandhelpthemdevelopcriticalthinkingabilities.

這些開放式問題為學生提供了自由回答的機會，幫助他們培養(yǎng)思辨能力。SectionB新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程4Detailedstudyofthetext★expenditure:n.1)[C,U]moneyspentbyagovernment,organization,orperson花費；開銷；支出Businesseswerecautiousaboutinvesting,andcapitalexpenditurewasflataftera0.1percentdeclineinthepreviousthreemonths.企業(yè)對投資很謹慎，資本支出在前三個月下降了0.1%之后保持平穩(wěn)。SectionB新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程4Detailedstudyofthetext2)[U]theuseoftime,money,energy,etc.doingsth.耗費；使用Itisverylikelythatsuchabigresearchprojectmayrequiretheexpenditureofseveralmilliondollars.這么大的一個研究項目很可能需要耗費數(shù)百萬美元。SectionB新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程4Detailedstudyofthetext★recreation:n.[C,U]anactivitythatyoudoforpleasureoramusement消遣；娛樂Ifyoudon’thaveanytimeforrecreation,exercise,friends,houseduties,orromance,youmayneedtoseriouslyconsidermakingachangeinyourlife.如果你沒有任何時間娛樂、鍛煉、交友、做家務或談戀愛，那么你可能需要認真考慮改變一下你的生活。SectionB新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程4DetailedstudyofthetextSectionBMeaning:Ifyoudon’tfeelfinanciallysecureorworrythatyouarenotpartofmainstreamsociety,youmayfeelastrongneedtoworkharderandchangeyoursituation.新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程4Detailedstudyofthetext★vulnerable:a.1)easilydamagedorhurtbysth.negativeorharmful脆弱的；易受傷的Supportingthemostvulnerablemembersofoursocietyshouldnotbeviewedasanexpenditure,butasacontributiontotheeradicationofpovertyandinequality.幫助社會中最弱勢的那些人不應被看作是一項開銷，而應被看作是對消除貧困和不平等的貢獻。SectionB新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程4Detailedstudyofthetext2)easytoattackorcriticize易受攻擊的；易受責難的Heknewclearlythathistheorywasveryvulnerableasitwaspoorlytestedandbadlyconstructed.他清楚地知道自己的理論很薄弱，因為這個理論沒有經(jīng)過充分的驗證，構建也不完善。SectionB新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程4Detailedstudyofthetext★fringe:n.[C]1)theouterorlessimportantpartofanarea,group,oractivity（地區(qū)或群體的）邊緣，外圍；（活動的）次要部分Thehouseherentedwasclosetoalake,andtheyardendedatalineoftrees,thefrin