人教版選修八第二單元詞匯學(xué)習(xí)

1、Unit 2 Cloning 詞匯學(xué)習(xí)1differ vi. 不同；相異different adj. 不同的 有區(qū)別的 相異的difference n. 不同；不同之處differ from. 不同于differ in. 在方面不同A differs from B in. A與B在方面不同 A differs with B about/on/over. A與B就意見相左be different from 與不同make a/some/no difference to sb./sth.對某人/某物有/有些/沒有影響或作用And everybody's preferences differ

2、.而各人偏好又是千差萬別。Attitudes towards this hot topic differ widely.人們對此熱點話題態(tài)度不一。They differ in size but not in kind. 它們的區(qū)別只是大小不同而實質(zhì)一樣。I differ with my classmates on that issue. 我在這問題上與班里的同學(xué)意見相左。Opinions on various social questions differ from person to person.有關(guān)各種社會問題的意見因人而異。I cannot see where th

3、ey differ from each other: to me they look exactly alike. 我看不出他們彼此有什么不同，在我看來，他們確實很相像。They differ with each other on moral standards.關(guān)于道德標(biāo)準(zhǔn),他們的見解不同。即學(xué)即練(1)Men are all alike in their promises. It is only in their deeds that they _.人在許諾時都一樣，不同之處在于他們的行動。(2)I have to _ you _ that.在那一點上我不能同意你的看法。(3)

4、The two squares differ_ colour but not _ size.這兩個正方形的顏色不相同,大小卻一樣。differdiffer with; onin; inThoughts of Oriental(東方人) differ much_ westerners in a number of ways.A. between B. between those C. from D. from those ofWrite of 寫, 記述 Peter wrote of his adventures in the war every week.彼得每星期都寫他在戰(zhàn)爭中的冒險經(jīng)歷。

5、2undertake vt. 著手，從事，承擔(dān)；承諾，答應(yīng), 保證； (后接to do)undertaking n. 任務(wù)，事業(yè)；承諾，答應(yīng)undertake a task/project承擔(dān)一個任務(wù)/項目undertake this job 從事這項工作undertake an important mission 承擔(dān)一項重要使命undertake to do sth. 答應(yīng)做某事undertake that-clause 保證undertake for sth. 為負(fù)責(zé) 1). She undertook the responsibility for these changes. 她承擔(dān)了

6、做出這些改變的責(zé)任。2). He undertook to pay the money back in one month. 他答應(yīng)在一個月之內(nèi)還錢。3) I'll undertake for your security. 我將保證你的安全。4) We could undertake the work for the time being. 我們可暫時承擔(dān)這項工作。5) I want you to undertake all the arrangements.我希望你來負(fù)責(zé)全面安排工作。6) He undertook to finish the job by Fri

7、day.他答應(yīng)在星期五以前完成那項工作。7) I can undertake that you will enjoy the trip.我保證你會喜歡這次旅行。8) Who will undertake responsibility for this work?誰將承擔(dān)這項工作的責(zé)任?9) She undertook the task of monitoring the elections. 她承擔(dān)了監(jiān)督選舉的任務(wù)。MAY YOU SUCCEED IN YOUR UNDERTAKING!祝你在事業(yè)上成功。He made no attempt to carry out his undertaki

8、ng.他無意實現(xiàn)他的諾言。即學(xué)即練2(1)The company has announced that it will _ a full investigation _ the accident. (undertake)公司已宣布將對這次事故進行全面調(diào)查。3pay off 得到好結(jié)果；取得成功；還清; 付清工資解雇pay money for sth. 付錢買pay for付的錢；為而付出代價 pay back 還錢，報復(fù);回報pay out 付出大筆款項；放松pay up 付清欠款A(yù)t worst we'll have to sell the house so as to pay of

9、f our debts. 在最壞的情況下，我們將不得不賣掉房子來還清債務(wù)。1). At last, his hard work paid off. 最后，他的努力得到了回報。2). Our efforts are sure to pay off.我們的努力一定會得到回報。3) His hard work paid off when he got the promotion.他得到了提升,他的努力沒有白費。4) Two years of business school really paid off.在商業(yè)學(xué)校就讀兩年真是很合算。5) Many steel-workers have b

10、een paid off.許多鋼鐵工人發(fā)薪后被辭退了。Mr. Li was driving a taxi on the weekends to pay off all his debts.李先生周末開出租車賺錢以還清他的所有債務(wù)。Her design won the first prize in the competition. Years of patience and hard work had at last paid off.她的設(shè)計在比賽中獲得一等獎。多年的耐心和艱苦工作終于得到了好的結(jié)果。Li Feng won the first prize in the national Eng

11、lish competition.Oh，really？Im glad that her efforts at last_.Aworked out Bgot backCpaid off Dturned out即學(xué)即練(1)They _ their debt after ten years.十年后他們還清了債務(wù)。(2)Two hundred workers have _.200名工人已被結(jié)清工資了。(3)They took a hell of a risk but it _.他們冒了很大的風(fēng)險，但事情成功了。paid offbeen paid offpaid off4cast vt.&vi

12、. (cast, cast) 投擲；投射；拋cast down 使沮喪/不愉快;扔掉;推翻cast aside 拋棄，消除，廢除cast away 拋棄，丟掉，使(船)漂流，(船)失事cast behind 疏遠(yuǎn)；把拋在腦后cast off 丟棄cast ones eyes over 審視cast ones mind back to sth. 回顧，回想cast light on/uponthrow light upon 弄清楚The enemy cast down their weapons.敵人扔掉武器。The girl cast down her eyes modestly when s

13、he was praised.姑娘受到表揚時，謙虛地垂下了眼睛。He was cast down by the sad news.這悲傷的消息使他情緒低落。Why are you so angry and cast down?你為什么這樣生氣,臉色也變了呢?He has been very much cast down by his failure in the examination.他因考試不及格，情緒一直很低落。At last he returned to his palace quite cast down, because he wished so much to have a re

14、al Princess for his wife.結(jié)果，他只好回到自己的皇宮來，心中很不快活，因為他是那么渴望著得到一位真正的公主。即學(xué)即練(1)Dont be so _. Just keep up your spirits.不要這么沮喪，打起精神來！(2)As soon as they reached the fishing area, the fishermen _ their nets _ the sea.漁民們一到捕魚區(qū)就把漁網(wǎng)撒進了大海。(3)As soon as he became rich he _ all his old friends who gave him some he

15、lp.他一富起來就拋棄了所有曾經(jīng)給過他幫助的老朋友。cast downcast; intocast aside5object vi. 反對，不贊成n. 實物；目的；對象objection n. 反對；厭惡objective adj. 真實的，客觀的 無偏見的object to sb./sth. 反對，不贊成某人/事object to doing sth. 反對做某事object to sb. doing sth. 反對某人做某事raise an objection to (doing) sth. 對提出異議have/take/make an objection to (doing) sth.

16、對表示反對If nobody objects，well postpone the meeting till next week.如果沒有人反對，我們就把會議推遲到下周。I object to such treatment. /to being treated like this. 對這種待遇受到這樣的待遇我表示抗議。I really object to being charged for parking.我非常反對收停車費。He tried to object against me for the position, but in vain. 他竭力反對我獲取那個職位，但沒

17、有成功。I object to the plan on the grounds that it is too expensive. 我反對該項計劃，理由是花費太大。I objected that he was too young for the position .我提出反對意見他太年輕不合適這個職位。Nobody raised any objection to my doing it right now.沒人反對我現(xiàn)在就做這件事。My main objection to the plan is that it costs too much .我反對該計劃的主要理由是它費用太高。He

18、 took objection to what I said. 他不同意我說的話。Have you any objection to changing your working hours? 你對改變你的工作時間有什么異議嗎？1. I enjoyed school. But I did _ to having to go to school every day once weve done all our exams.A. object B. oppose C. turn D. help2We _ to punishing a whole group for one per

19、sons fault.Acomplain BobjectCoppose Dresist6obtain vt. 獲得，取得；買到；借到obtain employment 就業(yè)，找到工作 obtain information 獲得信息；索取資料或合同 obtain evidence 取證 obtain knowledge 獲得知識obtain sth from sb/sth 從獲得某物1). I haven t been able to obtain that record anywhere. 我到處都沒買到那張唱片。2). He said that the police had obtained

20、this information by illegal means. 他說警方是靠非法手段獲得這一資料的。3) Further information can be obtained from head office.更多想信息可從總部獲取。4)You can obtain the application from the registrar. 你可以向注冊人員索取申請書。You can also obtain knowledge through practice.你還可以從實踐經(jīng)驗中獲得知識。obtainable adj能得到的; 可獲得的Are his records still

21、 obtainable? 即學(xué)即練5(1)I havent been able to _ anywhere.我到處都沒買到那本書。(2)He failed to _.他沒有獲得獎學(xué)金。(3)Details can be _ the Ministry of Education.可以從教育部獲知詳情。obtain that bookobtain a scholarshipobtained fromAttain 實現(xiàn)；獲得；達到 attain one's aim/goal/purpose 達到目的 attain the position/ambitionattain better econo

22、mic results 取得較好的經(jīng)濟效益 attain long-term prosperity 實現(xiàn)長期的繁榮 attain the opposite shore 到達對岸 +介詞 attain to 達到,獲得 attain to distinction 出名 attain to man's manhood 達到成年 attain to power 得到權(quán)力 We can attain whatever goal we set in our mind. 我們設(shè)定了什么目標(biāo)，就能實現(xiàn)什么目標(biāo)。 She attained her ambition of becoming a pilo

23、t. 她實現(xiàn)了成為一個飛行員的志向。Can you attain the goal you have set yourselves?你們是否能夠達到你們的目的?I'm determined to attain my purpose at any cost. 我決心不惜任何代價達到目的。He attained the position of minister. 他得到了部長的職位。He tried in vain to attain to fame.他想出名但未成功。7forbid vt. (forbade/forbad, forbidden) 禁止；反對; 不準(zhǔn)；forbid

24、 sb. sth. 禁止某人某事forbid doing sth. 禁止做某事forbid sb. to do sth. 禁止某人做某事forbidden zone/ area 禁區(qū)/地Forbidden City 紫禁城(故宮)forbid children sweets禁止孩子吃糖forbid sb. the house 不準(zhǔn)某人進屋forbid minors from entering 禁止未成年人進入I forbid you the use of my tape recorder.我不許你用我的錄音機。He forbids smoking during office hours.他禁止

25、在辦公時間抽煙。I will forbid you to leave unless you apologize for what you have done.如果你不為自己所做的事情道歉，我不允許你離開。 I can't forbid you/your seeing that man again. 我無法禁止你再和那個男人來往。The staff are forbidden to use the front entrance.禁止員工使用正門出入。God forbid that we should do any such thing!上帝哪能讓我們干這種事情!Smoking

26、is forbidden on the plane.飛機上禁止吸煙。It is hard to forbid children (to play) computer games.要禁止小孩子不玩電腦游戲很難。He forbade them from mentioning the subject again.他不準(zhǔn)他們再提這個問題。 1He was in poor health，so the doctor _ him to drink wine.Ahoped BdemandedCforbade Dprevented2Can I smoke here?Sorry. We dont allow _

27、here.Apeople smoking Bpeople smokeCto smoke Dsmoking3. The students are forbidden, unless they have special passes, _after11 p.m.A. from staying out B. to stay out C., staying out D. stay out8. accumulate vt.&vi. 積累；聚積 accumulation n. u,c 積累Accumulate working experience, make the life rich and c

28、olorful!累積工作經(jīng)驗，讓生活豐富多彩！1). By working hard you may accumulate a fortune.努力工作，你就會積蓄一筆財產(chǎn)。2). Dust and dirt soon accumulate if ahouse is not cleaned regularly. 房屋不經(jīng)常打掃, 塵土很快就越積越多。3) He paused and let the silence accumulate for a while.他停頓了一下，讓冷場持續(xù)了好一會兒。1). A thick layer of dust _ (accumulate) in the ro

29、om, so he had to give it a thorough cleaning. 2). Despite this _ (accumulate) of evidence, the Government persisted in doing nothing. Keys: 1). had accumulated 2). accumulation 9owe vt.欠(錢、物、債等)；應(yīng)當(dāng)給予;應(yīng)該把歸功于；感激，感恩(1)owe sb. sth.或owe sth. to sb.欠某人某物owe.to. 把歸功于owe it to sb. that.多虧某人幫忙(2)owing tobeca

30、use of“因為，由于”，后接名詞、代詞、動名詞做賓語，構(gòu)成介詞短語，表原因。1). He owes his father £50. = He owes £50 to his father. 他欠他父親50英鎊。You owe me an apology.你得向我道歉。Thanks for helping meI owe you a favour.謝謝你幫助我我欠你一個人情。We owe this discovery to Newton. 我們的這一發(fā)現(xiàn)歸功于牛頓。He owes his success to hard work and practice.他把他的成功歸功

31、于努力工作和實踐。If I have improved in any way，I owe it all to my teacher.如果說我有一些進步，這應(yīng)該全部歸功于我的老師。These early settlers owed their survival to hard work and determination to succeed.這些早期移民把他們的幸存歸功于艱苦勞動和追求成功的決心。We should do the duty which we owe to our country.我們應(yīng)對國家盡我們應(yīng)盡的義務(wù)。I owe it to you that I finished my

32、work in time.多虧你幫忙，我才及時完成了工作。Owing to the rain，they could not come.由于下雨，他們不能來了。Owing to her assistance，we succeeded in starting the engine.多虧她幫忙，我們才成功啟動了引擎。She owes her success _ good luck rather than _ ability.Ato；and Bof；toCto；to Dto；in10bother vt. 打擾 vi. 操心n. 煩擾；令人煩惱的事或人bother with/about sth. 花費時

33、間或精力(做某事) ;為而煩惱；因操心bother sb. about/with sth. 使某人煩惱/不安It bothers sb. that./to do sth. 使某人苦惱的是bother to do/doing sth. 操心做某事; 費神做Sorry to bother you，but there is a call for you.很抱歉打擾你一下，有你的電話。I dont want to bother her with my problems at the moment.我此刻不想讓她為我的事操心。It bothers me that he hasnt been tellin

34、g me the truth.他一直沒有對我講真話，這讓我很苦惱。He didnt even bother to let me know he was coming.他甚至連通知都沒通知我他要來。I hate to be a bother，but could I use your phone?給您添麻煩了，我可以用一下電話嗎？Don't get into such a bother about small matters. 不要為了區(qū)區(qū)小事而如此焦慮。1Im sorry to _ you，but can you tellme the way to the nearest su

35、permarket?I will do some shopping，too. Shall we walk there together?AbotherBcarry Caffect Daward2Im very sorry to have _you with so many questions on such an occasion.Aattracted BabstractedCimpressed Dbothered11strike vt. & vi.打，撞擊，沖擊，罷工，打動，劃燃，侵襲，突然想起 n罷工，打擊be struck with(by) 為所侵襲； 為所觸動(感動)It st

36、rikes me that.我覺得；我的印象是strike a match劃火柴strike on/upon 打在上；撞到上be on strike 舉行罷工go on strike 實行罷工Strike the iron while it is hot. 趁熱打鐵。The ship might strike on a reef.船可能觸礁了。A thought struck her. Was she jealous of her mother, then? 她突然冒出一個念頭。那她是在嫉妒自己的母親嗎?On hearing the soft footsteps outside he

37、r room, she was struck with panic.一聽到門外有輕輕的腳步聲,她驚慌失措。He was struck with the beauty of scenery.他被美麗的景色迷住了。He struck me as a very serious but friendly person. 他在我眼里是個非常嚴(yán)肅但友好的人。1)The workers were striking / on strike because they wanted more money.工人們在罷工，因為他們要求增加工資。2)When the clock struck five, the str

38、ike started.當(dāng)鐘敲響了五點，罷工開始了。3) It strikes me that none of them trusts each other.他們當(dāng)中沒有一個人信賴對方這使我震驚。4)The match wont strike because of the moisture of the air.由于空氣潮濕，火柴劃不著。5)Great damage has been caused by the tornado which struck the area last week.上周侵襲這一地區(qū)的龍卷風(fēng)造成了巨大的損失。10resist v. 忍??；頂??；抵御；反抗resistan

39、ce n. 反抗resistant adj. 抵抗的；耐的resist sth. 抵制、阻擋某事resist doing sth. 反對做某事cant resist doing sth. 忍不住做某事be resistant to 對有抵抗力resist the temptation 抵制誘惑resist arrest 拒捕resist diseases 抵抗疾病 You should resist the temptation.您應(yīng)當(dāng)?shù)种七@種誘惑。He could resist her charm no longer.他再也抗拒不住她的魅力。The man was shot outside

40、his house as he tried to resist arrest. 那個男人因為試圖拒捕在他住宅外被擊中。I could hardly resist laughing.我忍不住笑了起來。 He is in good health- he is able to resist diseases.他身體健康，能抵抗疾病。 I couldnt resist having a look at her diary.我忍不住看了一眼她的日記。 There has been a lot of resistance to this new law.這項新的法規(guī)已經(jīng)遇到很多的抵制。Only by de

41、termined resistance could their country be saved. 只有堅決抵抗，他們的國家才能得救。She is overweight, but she cant _ the temptation to eat more delicious food.A. forbid B. attach C. allow D. resist12in favour of 贊成；支持;對有利in favour 贊同；流行；得寵in favour with sb. 受某人支持in sb.s favour 對某人有利out of favour 失寵；不流行do sb. a

42、 favourdo a favour for sb. 幫某人忙do sb. the favour to do sth. 幫某人做owe sb. a favour 欠某人情ask a favor 請求幫忙1). I am in favor of your suggestion. 我贊成你的提議。2). I talked to Susan about it, and she sall in favor of going. 我與蘇珊談了這件事，她完全贊同走。3). Senior ministers spoke in favour of theproposal. 2). Would you do me

43、 a favor and turn offthe radio? 點撥】 表示“支持，贊同某人/某事”除用in favour of之外；其它常用：be for sb./sth. stand by; stand on ones side表示“不支持，贊同某人/某事”be against sb./sth.【拓展延伸】 favor vt. 贊同；支持The child favors his father with his brown eyes. 這個孩子的棕色眼睛像他的父親。【即境活用】I dont like to ask people for help as a rule but I wonder

44、if you could _me a favour.A. make B. do C. find D. get即學(xué)即練12(1)Are you _ cloning or _ cloning?你是支持還是反對克隆(技術(shù))?(2)There were 247 votes _ the plan and 152 against. 有247票同意這個計劃，152票反對。in favour of; againstin favour of(3)Shes not _ the media just now.目前她沒有媒體的捧場。(4)The exchange rate is _ at the moment.目前匯

45、率對我們有利。(5)Could you _ and pick up Sam from school?你能幫我個忙去學(xué)校接薩姆嗎？in favour within our favourdo me a favour13be bound to 一定；注定bound v. 跳躍；限制；形成的界線n. 跳躍；界線，范圍adj. 必然的，一定的；準(zhǔn)備到去的be bound to sth. 被束縛于某物；被綁在某物上be bound to do sth. 一定會、有義務(wù)去做某事be bound (for.) 準(zhǔn)備(去)be bound up in 熱心于，忙于be bound up with 與有密切關(guān)系I

46、'll be bound. 我確信1). The weather is bound to get better tomorrow. 明天天氣一定會變好。 2). You ve done so much work thatyou're bound to pass the exam. 你下了這么大工夫, 一定能考及格。 (3)The plane is bound for New York.這架飛機是飛往紐約的。(4)He's too bound up in his work to have much time for his children.他工作太忙，沒有時間多陪孩子們

47、。1). These problems were almost bound to arise. (arise)2). When you are dealing with so many patients, mistakes are bound to happen. 即學(xué)即練13(1)Its _ sunny again tomorrow.明天肯定又是陽光燦爛。(2)We _ obey the law.我們有義務(wù)遵守法律。bound to beare bound to14in good/bad condition 狀況很好(壞)；情況很好(壞)be in good condition(be in

48、a good state)(人)健康狀況好；(東西)保存/保養(yǎng)得好out of/in bad condition(人)身體不適；(物)保養(yǎng)得不好working/living conditions工作/生活條件studying conditions 學(xué)習(xí)環(huán)境in difficult conditions在困難的條件下economic conditions經(jīng)濟形勢in/under favourable conditions在有利的形勢下on condition that. 在條件下； 只要; 倘若(相當(dāng)于so long as或if) on this/that condition在這種/那種條件下o

49、n no condition 一點也不; 決不 (1)The car is still in good condition.這車狀況仍然良好。(2)The miners there worked in dreadful conditions.那里的礦工們在極其惡劣的環(huán)境中工作。1). The ship is not in a condition/is in no condition to make a long voyage. 此船的現(xiàn)狀不適宜遠(yuǎn)航。2). The car is still in excellent condition. 這小車狀況極佳。 (3)You must on no c

50、ondition tell him what has happened.你無論在什么情況下都不可告訴他所發(fā)生的事。(4)Ill do it on condition that you pay for everything.我可以做此事，條件是你得支付一切費用。練習(xí)介詞填空。1). The car has been well maintained and is _ excellent condition. 2). He s _ excellent condition _ a man of his age. 3). I had no exercise for ages; I m really _ condition. 4). You can go out _ condition that you wear an overcoat.Keys: 1). in 2). in; for 3). out of 4). on6. retire vi.退休(役)；退出，撤退；就寢1). He will retire from the army next year. 他明年從部隊退役。2). Our forces retired to prepared position