2018年中考英語第二輪復(fù)習(xí)專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練學(xué)案(單項(xiàng)選擇動(dòng)詞和動(dòng)詞短語)

1、2018年中考英語第二輪復(fù)習(xí)專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練學(xué)案（單項(xiàng)選擇動(dòng)詞和動(dòng)詞短語）2018年中考英語第二輪復(fù)習(xí)專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練學(xué)案（單項(xiàng)選擇動(dòng)詞和動(dòng)詞短語）一、行為動(dòng)詞行為動(dòng)詞是能獨(dú)立作謂語的動(dòng)詞，根據(jù)后面是否帶賓語，可分為及物動(dòng)詞和不及物動(dòng) 詞。1 .及物動(dòng)詞及物動(dòng)詞本身意義不完整，后面要跟一個(gè)名詞或代詞等作賓語才能使其意思完整。動(dòng)詞十賓語，如： buy some books買一些書；動(dòng)詞十賓語十賓補(bǔ)，如： find the book interesting發(fā)現(xiàn)這本書有趣；動(dòng)詞十間接賓語十直接賓語，如： give me some money給我一些錢。常見帶雙賓語 的詞有： give, pass, buy, off

2、er, teach, tell 等。2 .不及物動(dòng)詞不及物動(dòng)詞自身意思完整，無需接賓語。后接賓語時(shí)，必須先加介詞、副詞等，使其 變成及物的動(dòng)詞短語。如：He arrives early every morning.他每天到得很早。They are looking at the blackboard.他們在看黑板。3 .有的動(dòng)詞既可作及物動(dòng)詞，也可作不及物動(dòng)詞。如： She sings very well.她唱得很好。（sing是不及物動(dòng)詞）She sang an English song just now.她剛才唱了一首英文歌。（sing是及物動(dòng)詞）4 .常見行為動(dòng)詞辨析spend, cost

3、. take 與 payspend指花費(fèi)時(shí)間或者金錢，后接 on sth或（in）doing sth; cost的主語為物，意為“值 多少錢”；take表示花費(fèi)多少時(shí)間，可用于固定句型It+takes/took+sb.+時(shí)間+to do sth; pay與介詞for連用。如：He spends two hours in doing his homework every day.他每天花兩小時(shí)做作業(yè)。The car cost him a lot of money.這輛車花了他好多錢。It took me half an hour to clean the room.我花了 半小時(shí)打掃房間。I p

4、aid 40 yuan for the book.這本書我花了 40 塊錢。5 borrow , lend 與 keep三者都可表示“借”，但是borrow指“借入，借進(jìn)（從他人那里借某東西為自己所用）”，常用短語：borrow sth. from sb./sp. ; lend 指“借出去（借給他人）”,常用短語：lend sth. to sb. /lend sb. sth.（通常跟雙賓語）。區(qū)別時(shí)關(guān)鍵看主語，是主語借給別人就是lend,主語向別人借就是borrow; keep是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，常與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語連周，表示“借多長時(shí)間”。如：My sister often borrows bo

5、oks from the library.我妹妹常從圖書館借書。I lent my bike to Jim yesterday.我昨天把自行車借給杰姆了。How long can I keep the book?這本書我能借多久？SP speak, say, talk 與 tellspeak意為餅話”，著重指在會(huì)議上的演 講，或指講某種語言等。say意為說”，著重說的內(nèi)容，用作及 物動(dòng)詞。talk意為談話，著重雙方交談。talk to/with sb about sth表小和某人談 論某事tell意為告訴"，一般接雙賓語。tell astory,餅故事"tell a lie

6、 ,撒謊"。如：He can speak Chinese.他能說中文。Please say it in English.請用英語說。They are talking about it.他們在談?wù)撨@事。He can tell you something about his family.他會(huì)告訴你有關(guān)他家的事。 forget 與 leaveforget意為 忘記（記憶中的東西）”。表示 遺忘“時(shí)，不能同表示地點(diǎn)的詞語連用；leave 意為 落下，遺落”，指把某物遺忘在某個(gè)地方，后接表示地點(diǎn)的詞語。I've forgotten his name.我已忘了他的名字。He left

7、his English book at home.他把英語書忘家里了。例題 l- How long have you the iPad?-Only two days. I will return it to Jack this afternoon.A. boughtB. hadC. borrowed D. kept【解析】D bought和borrowed都是短暫性動(dòng)作，had作延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞意為買”,kept作延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞意為借，保留”。根據(jù)問句意思平板電腦你借多久了？”選擇延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞“kept, ”故選C項(xiàng)。例題 2 Many people can not afford one house in

8、 life because it too much.A. spendsB. costsC. paysD. takes【解析】B句意：許多人一輩子買不起房因?yàn)榉孔犹F了。it指房子”，物作主語，謂語動(dòng)詞要用cost表示花費(fèi)。故選 B項(xiàng)。 二、連系動(dòng)詞連系動(dòng)詞本身有詞義，但不能單獨(dú)作謂語，必須與表語一起構(gòu)成謂語，說明主語的狀 態(tài)、性質(zhì)、特征或身份。常見的系動(dòng)詞分類如下:分類例詞例句be動(dòng)詞am, is, are, was, wereShe is a girl with short hair.她是個(gè)留短發(fā)的女孩。感官類系動(dòng)詞look, sound, smell, feel, tasteHis pla

9、n sounds wonderful.他的計(jì)劃聽起來很棒。變化類系動(dòng)詞become, get, grow, go, turnHer face turned red.她的臉變紅了。狀態(tài)類系動(dòng)詞keep, stay, remainThe shop stays open till 9 pm.這家店開到晚上 9點(diǎn)。注意:1 .系動(dòng)詞十形容詞，構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)。2 .系動(dòng)詞沒有被動(dòng)語態(tài)，也不用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。如：這條裙子摸起來很舒服。（漢譯英）The dress feels comfortable （正確）The dress is felt comfortable （錯(cuò)誤）例題 -Three-D printin

10、g technology could be used to build a house in lessthan 24 hours.-It amazing. It's my first time to get to know the news.A. looksB. smellsC soundsD. tastes【解析】C考查感官類系動(dòng)詞辨析。look?？雌饋?quot;；smell聞起來"；sound聽起來”； taste嘗起來由后句 這是我第一次了解這個(gè)消息 “可知 消息”是聽起來驚人。故選C項(xiàng)。 三、助動(dòng)詞助動(dòng)詞本身沒有意義，它只是幫助主要?jiǎng)釉~構(gòu)成謂語，表示疑問、否定、時(shí)態(tài)

11、、語態(tài) 等。有些單詞并不是固定的助動(dòng)詞，如動(dòng)詞be、have、do等在句子中與主要?jiǎng)釉~一起構(gòu)成各種時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)、否定句、疑問句時(shí)，才擔(dān)當(dāng)起助動(dòng)詞的作用。常見的助動(dòng)詞還有 will, shall,would, should 等。分類作用beam/is/are+現(xiàn)在分詞一現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) was/were+現(xiàn)在分詞一過去進(jìn)行時(shí) be+過去分詞一被動(dòng)語念do形式后do, does, did ,用于構(gòu)成疑問句和否te句，或用在動(dòng)詞原 形前加強(qiáng)語氣。havehave/has+過去分詞一現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) had+過去分詞一過去完成時(shí)will/shall/would/shouldwill/shall+動(dòng)詞原形一一般將來時(shí)

12、would/should+動(dòng)詞原形一過去將來時(shí)例題- -the exchange students visit the Great Wall the day after tomorrow?- -Yes, they are, I think.A. Will; /B. Shall; / C. Is; going to D. Are; going to【解析】D 根據(jù)問句中"the day after tomorrow后答句中"they are得知選用將來時(shí)態(tài)的"be going to結(jié)構(gòu)，主語是復(fù)數(shù)。故選 D項(xiàng)。四、動(dòng)詞短語以動(dòng)詞為中心構(gòu)成的短語稱為動(dòng)詞短語。 動(dòng)詞短

13、語的類別和用法類別用法常見的動(dòng)詞短語動(dòng)詞十介 詞這類短語動(dòng)詞后跟賓語時(shí)，賓語 都須置于介詞之后。look for, look after, wait for, talk about, shout at, shout to, work on, hear from, think of, depend on, belong to動(dòng)詞十副 詞及物性質(zhì)的短語動(dòng)詞后跟名詞 （詞組）作賓語時(shí)，賓語置于副 詞前后均可；后跟代詞作賓語時(shí)， 賓語要置于副詞之前。cheer up, clean up, put up, fix up, work out, give out, give away, think over

14、, hand in, put on, try on, put away, pick up, give back動(dòng)詞十副 詞+介詞這類短語動(dòng)詞后跟賓語時(shí)，賓語 應(yīng)置于介詞之后。catch up with, look forward to, keep away from, run out of, get along with, get out of, come up with, go on with動(dòng)詞十名詞十介詞它們相當(dāng)于及物動(dòng)詞，后面要接 賓語。make friends with, pay attention to, take care of, take notice of, take par

15、t inbe十形容 詞十介詞be good at, be interested in, be good for, be worried about動(dòng)詞十反 身代詞（+ 介詞）這類短語相當(dāng)于及物動(dòng)詞，其后 可按賓語devote oneself to help oneself to, dress oneself例題 1 Life is a journey with trouble, but with care and wisdom you can any problem youface.A work outB. hand out C. find out D. put out【解析】A本題考查的是含

16、有 out的動(dòng)介短語辨析。work out解決，算出，hand out分發(fā)，find out找出，put out撲滅，根據(jù)句意“生命就像一場有麻煩的旅行，只有用關(guān)心 和智慧你才能夠解決你所面對的任何問題?！北绢}應(yīng)該選Ao例題 2 -When did the first plane to Hong Kong leave?- -Wait a minute. I'm just .A. turning upB. picking upC. catching up D. looking up【解析】D本題考查含有up的動(dòng)詞短語辨析。turn up "調(diào)高（音量）"；pick u

17、p “撿起，拾起"；catch up "趕上"；look up "抬頭看，查找”。根據(jù)句意”去香港的第一航班什 么時(shí)候走的？稍等，我查一下?！北绢}選D項(xiàng)。真題測試測試時(shí)間：30分鐘 滿分：80分1. Steven, go to bed now. You should before six tomorrow, or you will miss the plane.A. get offB. get upC. get onD. get along2. The governments should the use of new types of energy t

18、o make a greener world.A. push inB. push forC. put outD. put up3. - The school network will be shut down for safety reasons.-That doesn't meat all. I'mnot a net-worm,anyway.A. satisfyB. surpriseC.worryD.include4. TFBOYS' songs sweet and many of us like listening to them.A. soundB. feelC.

19、tasteD.look5. The librarian told me that I could these magazines for three days.A. borrowB. buyC. keepD. return6. Helen encouraged me to speak English as much as possible because practice perfect.A. becomesB. becameC. will make D. makes9 / 97. UNICEF was in Europe in 1946, after World War II.A. put

20、upB. turned upC. set upD. given up8. - Has Jane done the washing yet?-You cannot her to do such a thing.A. wantB. hopeC. expectD. wish9. - Do you know our new manager?-Yes. He to be a friend of my brother.A. turns upB. turns onC. turns out D. turns off10. -Oh, my God! I my notebook in my bedroom.-It

21、 doesn't matter. I'll lend you mine.A. forgetB. forgotC. leaveD. left11. In the song I Bet My Life , the US rock band Imagine Dragon tells people never tocatching their dreams.A give upB. give outC. give inD. give off12. It's important for us to protect nature because we its rich resourc

22、es to live.A. depend onB. leave forC. give upD. lead to13. - What's wrong with Simon? He isn't at school today.-His legs hurt. He was by a motorcycle this morning.A. treatedB. hitC. operated D. cured14. When you yourself with others, you miss the wonder of who you are.A compareB. communicate

23、 C. contact D. connect15. -Where is your father, Helen?-He is trying to a new shower in the bathroom.A. put outB. put inC. put through D. put down16. The energy from the sun and wind is very cheap and it will never.A. come outB. put outC. carry out D. run out17. -How long can I this novel Gulliver&#

24、39;s Travels ?-Only two weeks.A. borrowB. lendC. returnD. keep18. The young firemen were so brave that they the fire and saved the children inthat house.A. put inB. put onC. put outD. put up19. -Jenny, I hear there will be an art club in our school.-Wonderful! I can't wait to it.A. repeatB. forg

25、etC. receiveD. join20. Lao She's Teahouse the changes in Chinese society over fifty years.A. describesB. improvesC. prepares D. corrects21. Bob is taking the desks away because they too much room.A. stand upB. pick upC. take upD. listen up22. They walked home last night because they couldn't

26、 to take a taxi.A. leaveB. buyC. affordD. allow23. Jane is very busy these days, for she has a lot of problems to.A. deal withB. keep up withC. agree withD. come up with24. Soccer is a wonderful game for children. It great exercise, such as running and kicking.A. providesB. remainsC. practisesD. rec

27、eives25. -Yesterday Tommy walked past my table and my bowls and dishes.-He should be careful next time.A. knocked offB. took offC. showed offD. turned off26. We all know that learning a foreign language time and effort.A requiresB. reducesC. removesD. repeats27. China is going to a manned space stat

28、ion around 2020 to explore more spaceA set upB. put upC. wake upD. turn up28. A Bite of China 2 includes eight episodes. It the stories of more than 150 people,and over 300 types of food.A. findsB. provesC. coversD. imagines29. - What do you think of your school, Linda?-It's a good place for us

29、to ourselves for the future.A. promiseB. proveC. prepareD. present30. - Do you know the latest information about Flight MH370?-I've no idea. Let's the TV to watch the news programme.A. turn onB. turn downC. turn upD. turn off31. It's not the right time to argue about who should be blamed

30、. We'd better and finda way out as soon as possible.A stay upB. give upC. calm downD. look down32. Don't too late tonight, or you will feel sleepy in class tomorrow.A. get upB. put upC. stay upD. wake up33. - Your trainers colourful.-Yes. And they are popular among young people.A. feelB. sme

31、llC. tasteD. look34. You should smoking. It's really bad for your health.A. look upB. give upC. get upD. set up35. The 18tri Jiangsu Provincial Games will in September. Many students want to bevolunteers.A. take placeB. take partC. take actionD. take care36. - What smells terrible, Ted-I'm s

32、orry. I'll my shoes and wash them at once.A. take awayB. put away C. throw away D. keep away37. I think our government should pass a law to food waste.A. saveB. increaseC. protectD. reduce38. We all know how wonderful you are . There is no need to.A. show offB. give upC. take careD. carry on39.

33、The Yellow River flood large areas, but now the waters of it are used to energy.A .was used to; producingB. used to; producingC. was used to; produceD. used to; produce40. - The classroom is so bright now. You should the lights.-OK, I will.A. turn onB. turn upC. turn down D. turn off模擬測試測試時(shí)間：30分鐘 滿分

34、：60分1. -It is reported that some natural resources will because they are used carelessly.-What a pity! Let's act to protect them right away.A. break outB. run outC. put outD. hand out2. - Look! He's running so fast!-Hard to his legs were once broken.A. knowB. imagineC. thinkD. understand3. W

35、e all know some of the police's duties are to keep order and the law.A. take outB. find outC. come outD. carry out4. -Why are you often dressed in white?-Because I think white can help me when I feel stressed.A. fall downB. calm downC. look downD. come down5. -Would you please the TV a little? J

36、ack is doing his homework.-Terribly sorry, I will.A. turn upB. turn downC. turn onD. turn off6. - How was your May Day holiday?-Just so so, we drove to Hangzhou and tried to find a place for parking, but they were allA. given upB. taken upC. stayed upD. put up Mr Johnson,7. - Mr. Johnson, would you

37、have some more ice cream?-No, thanks. It's very good, but I have to my weight, you know.A. remainB. watchC. noticeD. care8. - How much the shoes?-Five dollars enough.A is; isB. are; isC. are; areD. is; are9. The computer system suddenly while he was searching for information on the Internet.A. b

38、roke downB. broke outC. broke upD. broke in10. - How much is the 3 - D TV set?-I've no idea, you can check it online.A. spentB. takenC. worthD. cost11. It's not the right time to argue about whose fault it is. We'd better and find a wayout as soon as possible.A. break downB. give upC. ca

39、lm downD. look down12. Don't waste food! all the vegetables on the plate.A. Wash upB. Eat upC. Put upD. Clean up13. - Can I speak to Mrs Green?-Sorry, wrong number. Please to 114 and check the number.A. put outB. put offC. put throughD. put away14. - What are you going to do for the School Day?-

40、We'11 a new play.A. put outB. put offC. put intoD. put on15. Wearing white can help people when they feel stressedA. fall downB. calm downC. look downD. come down16. China Dream is a great way to gather people together and the fast development ofour country.A. try out forB. fit forC. push forD.

41、cheer for17. - How were your May Day holiday?-Everything was wonderful except that our car.A. slowed downB. put downC. came downD. broke down18. How lucky Peter was! Some policemen arrived in time and him out.A. tried to helpB. managed to help C. tried helping D. succeeded to help19. Water from this

42、 polluted well serious illness.A. causes toB. suffers fromC. leads toD. lies in20. We'd better subjects like age, weight or money while talking in Western countries.A. agree .B. avoidC. affordD. allow21. Mike live in London, but now he works in China.A. is used toB. used toC. was used toD. gets used to22. -Excuse me, sir. Would you please the total cos