初二下冊(cè)英語課件

1、Unit 1 Helping those in need教學(xué)內(nèi)容：一單元課文詳解教學(xué)目標(biāo)：掌握課文大意掌握課文重點(diǎn)短語和句型 教學(xué)重難點(diǎn)：重點(diǎn)句子的掌握與運(yùn)用動(dòng)詞不定式的用法 一、 課前檢測(cè)Key words :1. raise v籌募；v增加；提高2.permission n準(zhǔn)許；批準(zhǔn)3.disabled adj喪失能力的；有殘疾的反義詞（）4.offer v主動(dòng)提出5.serious adj 嚴(yán)重的6.organize v組織；籌備7.lonely adj孤獨(dú)的；寂寞的8.difficulty n 困難；費(fèi)勁形容詞（9.hurt v （使）疼痛；受傷 10.pay v付費(fèi)Key phras

2、es:1.in need:需要幫助的2.voluntary work：義務(wù)性工作3.ask permission： 報(bào)請(qǐng)比準(zhǔn) 4.suffer from： 因受苦； 受折磨5.raise one' s spirits :使振奮； 使鼓起勇氣6.in order to :目的在于；為了 7.so that :為的是；以便8.make friends with :與交朋友 9.look after：照顧 10.because of 因?yàn)門ranslation :（英英互譯）1.serious 2.illness：3.peace 4.courage5.raise something 6.sp

3、irits：二、課文詳解：I.Write a letter to the head teacher to ask permission to raise mon ey ask permission 報(bào)請(qǐng)批準(zhǔn)。 permission： 不可數(shù)名詞。 “準(zhǔn)許； 批準(zhǔn)” raise：及物動(dòng)詞“籌集；募捐”拓展：a舉起；抬起b養(yǎng)育；飼養(yǎng)； 種植c建立；豎起d提高；升起2. Could you give me a hand 你能幫我個(gè)忙嗎？Could you do sth:你能做某事嗎？give sb a hand 幫助某人=help sb3.I talked to children without p

4、arents。我和失去父母的兒童交談。talk to: “與交談" eg:I want to talk to my mother about the bike）talk with ： "與交談”強(qiáng)調(diào)談話雙方無主次之分，相互交流、交談talk about:：談?wù)摚橙?、某事等）without:介詞，“沒有，不”反義詞“ with”4.1 helped sick children。我?guī)椭〉膬和?。sick：生病的。4.2 taught disabled children to sing 我教殘疾兒童唱歌。teach sb to do sth教某人做某事。6.Three tee

5、nagers of offered to do some voluntary work during the school holidays。三名青少年主動(dòng)提出在學(xué)校放假期間做一些義務(wù)性工作。offer：主動(dòng)提出。offer sth:提出某事offer to do sth:（主動(dòng)）提出做某事offer sb sth / offer sth to sb （主動(dòng)）給某人提供某物during：在期間（在某一段時(shí)間之內(nèi)）in:動(dòng)作發(fā)生在一時(shí)間段內(nèi) for：用于某事持續(xù)多久時(shí)7.The children there all suffer from the computer game ssuffer fr

6、om ：因某事受苦；受折磨serious： adj嚴(yán)重的； 嚴(yán)肅的8.I met a girl called Cindy。我遇見了一個(gè)叫辛迪的女孩。called=named "名叫”9.I went there and took some photos of it take photos of：給拍照：takes photos 拍照10 .There are many children without parentsThere be句型表示存在，“某地有某物" be動(dòng)詞應(yīng)與緊跟其后的主語 的單復(fù)數(shù)形式保持一致。11 .We taught them to tell stori

7、es 我們教他們講故事。tell stories：講故事12 .This helps them express their feeling shelp sb （to） do sth：幫助某人做某事help oneself to sth 隨便吃某物can' t help doing sth :禁不住做13 .We spent time with a girl called Vivien。spend:度過；消磨當(dāng)花費(fèi)講時(shí)：sb+spend (s) +money/time+ (in) doing+sth 某人花費(fèi)金錢/時(shí)間做某事sb+spend (s) +money / time+on+st

8、h 某人在某事/某物上花費(fèi)金錢/時(shí)間14 .Her parents died in a car accident and she is unhappy and very lonelydie：不及物動(dòng)詞，死。dies：第三人稱單數(shù)；died：過去式；dying：現(xiàn)在分詞；dead：形容詞；death:名詞。unhappy：傷心的；不快樂的。由形容詞 happy+否定前綴un構(gòu)成的。lonely:孤獨(dú)的；寂寞的。作表語，定語。(主觀感受)alone：孤單的；獨(dú)自的。作表語，狀語。(客觀情況)15 .My mother and I will continue to visit Vivien。cont

9、inue to do / doing sth : 繼續(xù)做某事continue with sth:使某物繼續(xù)存在或不斷發(fā)生。16 .They have difficulty walking or moving。have difficulty (in) doing sth：做某事有困難have trouble (in) doing sth：做某事有麻煩have problems (in) doing sth： 做某事有問題have fun (in) doing sth：做某事有樂趣17 .He hurt his legs in an accident but he has lots of cour

10、agehurt:及物動(dòng)詞，受傷。拓展：a傷害b (身體部位)疼痛c傷痛18 .We need to help children like Tim and raise their spiritslike：介詞“像"。like構(gòu)成的短語：look like：看起來像sound like：聽起來像。feel like doing sth：想做某事raise one' s spirits : 使振奮； 使鼓足勇氣19.I will continue to do voluntary work in the future in the future : 在將來。in future : 從

11、今以后=from now on1.1 in good health：身體健康21 .A person with courage is usually not afraid of something dangerous or difficult。be afraid of：害怕；不敢。后可接名詞，代詞，動(dòng)名詞，動(dòng)詞不定式22 .One of them had difficulty walkin g one of :之一，其后接可數(shù)名詞或代詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。one of做主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用第三人稱單數(shù)。one of+the+形容詞最高級(jí)+復(fù)數(shù)名詞：最之一23 .Joe read news and fun

12、ny stories to her so that she did not feel lonely 。so that : 為的是； 以便=in order that 或 in order to do sth24 .Joe enjoyed helping people enjoy doing sth： 喜歡做某事 enjoy oneself=have fun或 have a good / great time 過的快樂， 愉快 25.Cindy is in hospital because of a serious illness。in hospital :生病住院。in the hospita

13、l :在醫(yī)院里26 .We need someone to talk to her and make friends with her 。 make friends with :和交朋友 exchange seats : 交換座位shake hands with :與握手 take turns to do sth :輪流做某事 join hands with : 與聯(lián)系/合作三、 語法Grammar初中英語動(dòng)詞不定式用法梳理動(dòng)詞不定式是由“不定式符號(hào)to+動(dòng)詞原形”構(gòu)成的一種非謂語 動(dòng)詞結(jié)構(gòu)。有些動(dòng)詞不定式不帶to,動(dòng)詞不定式可以作句子的主語、 表語、賓語、定語、補(bǔ)語、狀語或單獨(dú)使用。不定式保

14、留動(dòng)詞的某些 特性，可以有自己的賓語、狀語等。動(dòng)詞不定式和它后面的賓語、狀 語等一起構(gòu)成短語，叫作不定式短語?，F(xiàn)對(duì)九年級(jí)動(dòng)詞不定式的用法 作一次簡(jiǎn)要梳理動(dòng)詞不一、不定式作主語直接把動(dòng)詞不定式置于句首的情況不多，多數(shù)情況用it作形式主語，把真正的主語一一動(dòng)詞不定式置于句末，特別是不定式短語較長(zhǎng)時(shí)。 動(dòng)詞不定式作主語，謂語動(dòng)詞用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。帶疑問詞的不定 式短語作主語常置于句首，復(fù)合不定式結(jié)構(gòu)作主語常置于句末。二、用作表語動(dòng)詞不定式作表語，常說明主語的內(nèi)容、性質(zhì)、特征 )三、用作賓語1.可以接帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語的動(dòng)詞主要有：要求選擇同意(ask, choose, agree)期望決定學(xué)

15、習(xí)(expect, hope, decide, learn)寧可假裝知 道(prefer, pretend,know)希望想要愿意(wish, want, would like / love)2動(dòng)詞 decide, know, learn, show, teach, tell.,介詞結(jié)構(gòu) on可用疑問 詞帶to的不定式短語作賓語，但 why后面的不定式不帶to。3 .動(dòng)詞feel, find, make, think等后面，可以用it作形式賓語代替真正的 賓語一動(dòng)詞不定式，句子結(jié)構(gòu)是feel/find / make/it+adj./n.+to do。4 .既可接動(dòng)詞不定式又可接ving形式作賓

16、語，意思差別不太大的動(dòng)詞 有begin, start, like, love等。一般說來，動(dòng)詞不定式表一次、數(shù)次的 具體動(dòng)作、將來動(dòng)作或動(dòng)作的全過程，ving形式表習(xí)慣性的連續(xù)動(dòng)作。 但是這種區(qū)別并不很嚴(yán)格，特別是美國(guó)英語，即使習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作也可 以用動(dòng)詞不定式。begin用了進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)，后面只接不定式作賓語，表 示事情剛開始，還要繼續(xù)下去。感知?jiǎng)釉~like, love, know等一般不用 進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。5 .后接動(dòng)詞不定式或ving形式作賓語，意思差別較大的動(dòng)詞有forget, remember等。后接不定式作賓語，表動(dòng)作尚未發(fā)生；后接 ving形式 作賓語，表動(dòng)作已經(jīng)發(fā)生。stop to do停

17、下來做另外一件事，to do是 目的狀語；stop doing停止做、不做當(dāng)前這件事，doing是賓語。try to do盡力做，try doing試試看；go on to do接著做另夕卜的事，go on doing 繼續(xù)做原來的事四、用作定語1 .句子的主語或賓語是動(dòng)詞不定式的邏輯主語，不定式與其所修飾的 名詞、代詞等存在邏輯的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系時(shí)，用動(dòng)詞不定式的主動(dòng)式。2 .動(dòng)詞不定式所修飾的名詞是 place, time, way等時(shí)，不定式與這些名 詞呈現(xiàn)出動(dòng)狀關(guān)系或同位關(guān)系。3 .在“there be.”句型里，句子的主語是動(dòng)詞不定式動(dòng)作的對(duì)象，常 用主動(dòng)式 五、用作補(bǔ)語動(dòng)詞不定式作補(bǔ)語時(shí)，

18、在主動(dòng)語態(tài)句里補(bǔ)賓語，在被動(dòng)語態(tài)句里補(bǔ)主語，句子的賓語或主語是不定式動(dòng)作的邏輯執(zhí)行者。如果不定式是tobe done,句子的賓語或主語就是邏輯承受者。1.在主、被動(dòng)語態(tài)句里用帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式作補(bǔ)語的動(dòng)詞主要有：要求允許提議(ask, allow, permit, advise), 期望邀請(qǐng)鼓勵(lì)(expect, suppose, invite, encourage),教導(dǎo)告訴想要(teach, tell, want),等待希望愿意(wait for, wish, would like / love)。2.動(dòng)詞不定式作補(bǔ)語，在主動(dòng)語態(tài)句里不 帶to,被動(dòng)語態(tài)句里帶to時(shí)多數(shù)動(dòng)詞是感官動(dòng)詞和使役動(dòng)

19、詞，包括 四“看” ：look at, observe, see, watch三“讓" ：have, let, mak® 二“聽”：hear, listen to, 一 “感覺” ：feel, 一 “注意” ：notice。3 .help后接動(dòng)詞不定式作補(bǔ)語，to可帶可不帶。一般說來，帶to表間 接幫助，不帶to表直接幫助。在被動(dòng)語態(tài)句里，或者用不定式的否 定式作補(bǔ)語時(shí)要帶to。如：4 .be said, be sure, happen, seerm后面可以接帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式作主 語的補(bǔ)語。六、用作狀語1 .目的狀語，置于句首或句末，置于句首時(shí)常表示強(qiáng)調(diào)。to do /

20、in order to do / so as to do用作目的狀語，置句末時(shí)都可以用, 置句首時(shí)只用to do / in order to do。so as to do一般不置于句首，可以 引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句，in order to do不引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句。2 .原因狀語，多見于“ sb.+be+adj.+to do.”結(jié)構(gòu)句中。3.結(jié)果狀語， 多見于“tooto"，“enough to.”結(jié)構(gòu)句中4.有些動(dòng)詞不定式作狀語， 常說明前面形容詞的性質(zhì)和特性。動(dòng)詞不定式與句子的主語有邏輯的 動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。動(dòng)詞不定式前面的形容詞一般是：cheap, dangerous, difficult,

21、easy, fun, hard, interesting, necessa ry不定式常用主動(dòng)式表被動(dòng)意義。七、動(dòng)詞不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)動(dòng)詞不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)是“ for / of sb. to do sth.”，for/ of引出不定式 動(dòng)作的邏輯主語。這種結(jié)構(gòu)在句子中可以作主語、 賓語、表語、定語、 狀語等。不定式復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)的介詞用for還是of,主要決定于前面形容 詞的性質(zhì)。一般說來，of前面的形容詞是careful, clever, foolish, good, kind, nice, wise等，既說明人的特性，又說明不定式動(dòng)作的特性。for前面的形容詞是dangerous, difficu

22、lt, easy, hard, heavy, important,interesting, necessa湃，一般說明不定式動(dòng)作的特性，不說明人的特 性。前面如果是名詞用for。八、帶疑問詞的不定式短語動(dòng)詞不定式前面可以帶疑問代詞 what, which, who或疑問副詞how, when, where, why等。這種結(jié)構(gòu)起名詞的作用，在句子里用作賓語、 主語、表語等，或者單獨(dú)使用。要注意的是， why后面的不定式不帶 to1.用作句子的成分。2.單獨(dú)使用時(shí)相當(dāng)于一個(gè)特殊疑問句。九、動(dòng)詞不定式的否定式不定式的否定式是 not / never to do.,不帶to的不定式的否定式是 not

23、 /never習(xí)題練習(xí)：一、動(dòng)詞不定式作主語1. It's our duty the room every day.A. to clean B. cleaned C. clean D. cleans（ 甘肅?。?. It's hard for us English well.A. learn B. learns C. to learn D. learning（江西?。?. 建造這座立交橋?qū)⒒ㄙM(fèi)工人們一年多的時(shí)間。It w川 the workers over a yearthe flyover.（ 北京市海淀區(qū)）4. It's very nice you to get m

24、etwo tickets the World Cup.A. for , of B. of , for C. to , for D. of , to（安徽?。?Keys： 1. A 2. C 3. take , to , build 4. B簡(jiǎn)析動(dòng)詞不定式作主語時(shí)，可以直接放在謂語動(dòng)詞前面的主語位 置，也可以用先行詞it作形式主語，而將真正的主語（不定式）置于 后面。常見的句式有：（1）It is +形容詞（of sb）to do sth.（2）It is +名詞（for sb）to do sth.（3）It takes sb sometime to do sth.（4）It is + 形容詞（

25、for sb）to do sth.句式（1）中常用 nice, kind , clever , good, right , wrong, foolish , careless 等形容詞，與介詞 of 搭配，這些形容詞常表述不定式邏輯主語的屬性或性質(zhì)；句式 （4）中 常用 hard, difficult , easy, important 等形容詞，與介詞 for 搭配，表示不定式表示的動(dòng)作、行為的性質(zhì)。二、動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語1. He wants some vegetables.A. buy B. buying C. to buy D. buys （ 山西?。?. Don't forge

26、t your homework with you when you come to school.A. to bring B. bringing C. to take D. taking （福建?。?. He found it very difficult.A. sleeping B. sleepsC. slept D. to fall asleep （湖南省）Keys： 1. C 2. A 3. D簡(jiǎn)析在 want, like , agree , hope , wish , learn , begin , start , seem, decide , hate , choose , forg

27、et , remember 等 動(dòng)詞后面，可以接不定式作賓語。如果其后接形容詞補(bǔ)足語時(shí)，則可 以用it作形式賓語，而把作真正賓語的不定式放到后面。三、動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語1. Robert often asks us his Chinese, so his Chinese ismuch better than before.A. help him B. to help him with C. to help with D. helps him with （江蘇?。?. Mr Li often teaches his Japanese friends Chinese food.A. cook

28、B. cooks C. to cook D. cooked （ 甘肅?。㎏ey: 1. B 2. C簡(jiǎn)析不定式可以用作賓語補(bǔ)足語。后面可以接不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足 語的動(dòng)詞有：ask, teach , expect , tell , allow 等。四、動(dòng)詞不定式作狀語1. She went her teacher.A. to see B. looks C. saw D. seeing （ 江西?。?. Meimei likes English very much. She does her bestEnglish well.A. learn B. learning C. to learn D. l

29、earns （四川?。㎏ey: 1. A 2. C簡(jiǎn)析go, come, try , do / try one's best等動(dòng)詞或短語動(dòng)詞作謂語時(shí)，其后常?？梢越硬欢ㄊ阶髂康臓钫Z。3. I'm sorry that.A. hears B. hearing C. hear D. to hear （ 河北?。?. I'm sorry you.A. trouble B. to trouble C. troubling D. troubled （吉林?。?. My mother was very glad her old friend.A. to meet B. meet C

30、. met D. meets （ 甘肅?。㎏eys： 3. D 4. B 5. A 簡(jiǎn)析"be + 形容詞 + to do sth "結(jié)構(gòu)中 的不定式作狀語，常表示原因或方式。6. The panda is so fat that it can't go through the hole.（改為意思相同的句子）The holesuch a fat panda to gothrough.（廣東?。?. The ice on the lake was so thin that people couldn't skateon it.（改為意思相同的句子）The i

31、ce on the lake wasn't enough people.（廣東?。㎏eys： 6. is , too , small , for 7. thick , for , to , skate , on 簡(jiǎn)析在上述"too +形容詞/副詞（for sb）to do（太而不能）和enough （for sb） to do （足以、足夠做）結(jié)構(gòu)中，不定式作結(jié)果狀語。五、動(dòng)詞不定式作定語1. Would you like something?A. drink B. drinking C. to drink D. drinks （湖北?。?. I have a lot of

32、homework.A. do B. doing C. did D. to do （ 河南?。?. He is not an easy man.A. get on B. to get on C. get on with D. to get on with （山東?。㎏ey: 1. C 2. D 3. D簡(jiǎn)析不定式作定語時(shí)，常放在被修飾的詞語之后，與被修飾的詞語為邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系或動(dòng)賓關(guān)系；如果不定式的動(dòng)詞是不及物動(dòng)詞，其后要加上必要的介詞或副詞，構(gòu)成的短語 動(dòng)詞相當(dāng)于及物動(dòng)詞。 六、不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式河南省）1. We saw him the building and go upstairs.

33、A. to enter B. enter C. entering D. entered (2. So much work usually makes them very tired.A. to feel B. feels C. feeling D. feel （吉林?。?. Your father is sleeping. You'd better.A. not wake up him B. not to wake up himC. not wake him up D. not to wake him up （陜西?。?. I was made my homework in the a

34、fternoon.A. do B. doing C. to do D. did （ 貴州省）Key: 1. B 2. D 3. C 4. C 簡(jiǎn)析1.在 see, watch , hear , feel 等感官動(dòng)詞和make，have , let等使役動(dòng)詞后面作賓語補(bǔ)足語的不 定式不帶to.但是在被動(dòng)語態(tài)中，作主語補(bǔ)足語的不定式要帶to（let 沒有被動(dòng)語態(tài)）。2.在"had better "后面接不帶to的不定式。 七、動(dòng)詞不定式的否定形式1. Mr Black asked the man the queue.A. not to jump B. to not jumpC.

35、 didn't jump D. not jump （ 廣西壯族自治區(qū)）2. The old man told the child noisy.A. not be B. not to be C. to not be D. be not （湖北省）3. There is going to an important meeting tomorrow.Please try late.A. have , not to be B. have , not beC. be, not to be D. be , not be （ 內(nèi)蒙古自治區(qū)）Key: 1. A 2. B 3. C簡(jiǎn)析動(dòng)詞不定式的否定形

36、式通常是在不定 式符號(hào)to的前面加上not ,如果是不帶to的不定式就直接在動(dòng)詞原 形前面加上not.八、某些動(dòng)詞后面接不定式和接動(dòng)詞-ing形式的區(qū)別1. Please stop a rest if you feel tired.A. to have B. having C. have D. has （廣西壯族自治區(qū)）2. Why didn't you buy some bread on your way home?Sorry, I forgot some money with me.A. take B. taking C. to take D. took （湖北?。?. Let&#

37、39;s have a rest, shall we?Not now, I can't stop the letters.A. write B. to write C. writing D. and write （湖北?。?. Jim was badly hurt, so he had to stop（walk）.（用所給單詞的正確形式填空）（四川?。㎏ey: 1. A 2. C 3. C 4. walking簡(jiǎn)析一些常見的動(dòng)詞后面接不定式和接動(dòng)詞的-ing形式的區(qū)別如下："stop to do sth "意為" 停止正在做的事情去做另外一件事" stop doing sth "意為"停 止正在做的事：rememberto do sth "意為記住去做某事（事 還未做），"remember doing sth "意為"記得做過某事"（事已 做）："go on to do sth "意為接著做某事（做完一事，接著做 另一事）go on doing sth "意為"繼續(xù)做某事"（一事未做完接 著往下做）："forget to do sth "意為"忘了做