現(xiàn)在完成時講解例題練習

1、現(xiàn)在完成時先看幾個例句：1. I have cleaned my room. 我已打掃了房間。2. He hasn ' t finishdds homework.他還沒完成作業(yè)。3. Have you read this novel ?你看過這本小說嗎？Yes , I have.是的，看過了。 No, I haven不t.沒看過。4. We have studied English for two years. 我們已經(jīng)學了兩年英語了。5. They haven ' t seeiach other since 1998.自從1998年他們就沒再見過面。一、構成：肯定式：主語 +

2、助動詞have/has +動詞的過去分詞.疑問式：助動詞 Have/Has +主語+動詞的過去分詞否定式：主語+助動詞have/has + not + 動詞的過去分詞 例: I have worked here for 3 years.否定句：疑問句：回答：就劃線部分提問：過去分詞的構成分為規(guī)則變化和不規(guī)則變化兩種: 規(guī)則變化:a） 一般情況下，在動詞后直接加finish-finished 等;ed,女口 play-played，work-worked ，water-watered,study-studiedb） 以輔音字母+ y結尾的動詞，把y變成i再加ed, carry- -carried

3、 等；c）以一個輔音字母結尾的重讀閉音節(jié)的動詞要雙寫最后一個輔音字母，再加ed如:stop-stopped，shop-shopped 等。不規(guī)則變化：見一般過去時當中的 不規(guī)則動詞表、用法：1.表示過去發(fā)生的某一動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結果。I have cleaned my room.我已打掃了房間（房間現(xiàn)在是干凈的，不需要打掃了 ）They have left.-他們已經(jīng)離開了（也就是說現(xiàn)在他們?nèi)瞬辉谶@里）I have had my lunch.-我已經(jīng)吃過午飯了（也就是說我現(xiàn)在不餓）2. 表示過去已經(jīng)開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)，I have learnt English for more

4、 than ten years.我已經(jīng)學了 10 多年的英語。She has swum since half an hour ago.我已經(jīng)游泳了半個小時3表示人曾有過或到目前為止從未有過的經(jīng)歷I have n ever had a car 我從未有過汽車。I have been there twice.我去過那兩次了。二、標志詞 already, n ever, ever, just, yet, before, up to now, so far, for （11） since標志詞的區(qū)別1. for + 一段時間Eg. I have bee n here for 5 weeks.He ha

5、s studied En glish for 3 years.2. since +（表示過去某一時間的）時間點/單詞/詞組/從句（一般過去時）Eg. I have bee n here since 2000.I have bee n here since 5 years ago.I have bee n here since I graduated in 2000.注2）:對for或since引導的時間狀語提問必須用how Iong,決不能用when.How long have you lived here?Eg. I have lived here for 10 years.注3）:短暫性動

6、詞不能和表示一段時間狀語連用，當然也不能用于 how long引導的問句中Eg.（誤）I have left there for 5 years.（正）I have bee n away there for 5 years.選用for和si nee填空：1. We haven ' t seen each othera kog time.2. His father has bee n in the Party10 yearsago.3. The film has bee n on20 minu tes.4. Mr Gree n has worked herehe came to Chi

7、na.5. His gran dpare nts have bee n deadseveral years.6. It ' s five yearswe met lasme.a) already往往用于肯定句，用在疑問句時表示強調(diào)或加強語氣；yet用于否定句和 疑問句。? He has already left here.他已經(jīng)離開這里了。? Has he already left here?他(真的)已經(jīng)離開這里了嗎？(表示加強語氣)? My teachers haven ' t had breakfast yet.我的老師們還沒有吃早飯。? Have you writte

8、n to your pare nts yet?你已經(jīng)給你父母寫過信了嗎？b) never是否定詞，表示從來沒有”，而ever表示曾經(jīng)”? We have never been to the Great Wall.我們從來沒有去過長城。? Have you ever bee n to Can ada?你們曾經(jīng)去過加拿大嗎？c. just用于句中，表示剛剛”Eg. I ' ve just had breakfast.What have they just done?d. before在現(xiàn)在完成時中常用于句末，表示 以前” Eg. I ' ve seen itrbefo四、短暫性動詞

9、在肯定句、疑問句中不能與時間段連用，這些動詞是： become, begin, buy, borrow, come (go, arrive), die,finish,join, leave,為了表述這種意思，我們常用相應的 延續(xù)性動詞 來代替短暫性動詞。become 宀 be, begin 宀 be on borrow keep, buy have,come (go, arrive, get) be here/there/in， diebe dead, finish be over,join t be in ( be a member of leavebe away ( from ),五、與一

10、般過去時的用法比較1現(xiàn)在完成時和一般過去時都是說過去的事情，但現(xiàn)在完成時注意的不是事情本身，而是強調(diào)事情與現(xiàn)在保持的某種密切聯(lián)系(如現(xiàn)在的結果，影響，一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在等)；而一般過去時，則只講述發(fā)生在過去的動作和事情與現(xiàn)在沒有關系，強調(diào)的是過去的情況。他已經(jīng)買了一本英漢字典。eg： He has bought an English-Chinese dictionary.He bought an English-Chinese dictionary.他曾買過一本英漢字典。第一句用現(xiàn)在完成時時態(tài)，想表達意為：“ He bought an English-Chinese dictionary. And

11、 he still has it ” “過去他買了一本英漢字典，現(xiàn)在他還有這本字典” 。 第二句用過去時只敘述過去他買過一本英漢字典這一事實，至于現(xiàn)在他是否有這本字 典并未強 調(diào)說明。2常與一般過去時連用的典型的表示過去時間的狀語:yesterday（ 昨天 ）, the day before yesterday（ 前天 ）, just now（ 剛才 ） ，時間 + ago,last + 時間 等;eg: The plane took off ten minutes ago.We finished our task last week .六、完成時辨析）have/has gone to ，

12、have/has been to 和 have/has been in 的區(qū)別have/has gone to: 表示某人已經(jīng)去了某地現(xiàn)在還沒回來have/has been to: 表示某人曾經(jīng)去過某地 , 但現(xiàn)在己經(jīng)不在某地 .Have/has been in: 某人在某地1. Where is Mike ? -Mike and his parents the north for half a year.2. Mum is not at home now. she the shop.3. you ever to kunming ? Never.4. Where you these days?

13、5. Has Jim arrived yet? Yes, he here for several days.6. Where is Peter? I don ' t know where he .7. Hi Jim! Where you ? Li Lei is looking for you.基礎題1. How long have you here?A. comeB. gotC. arrivedD.been2. My grandpa died _A. at the age of my 2B. for 2 yearsC. when I was 2D.my age was 63. Jane

14、 has to Beijing. She will come back tomorrow.A. beenB. goneC. wentD.never been4. It is ten years _A. after_ I last saw her.B. sinceC. forD.that5. The Smiths in China for 8 years.A. has livedB. livedC. have beenD.live6. -Hello, this is Mr. Green speaking. Can I speak to Mr. Black?-Sorry. He the Baini

15、ao Park.A. has been toB. has gone toC. went toD.will go to7. reading the book yet?A. Have you finishedB. Were you finishingC. Had you finishedD. Are you finishing8. Our team every match so far this year, but we still have three games to play.A. was winningB. has wonC. had wonD.wins提高題1. -Who will go

16、 to the station to meet Lorry? -I will. I her several times.A.metB. have metC.had metD.will meet2.-What a nice dress! How long you _ it?-Just 2 weeks.A.will; buyB. did; buyC.are; havingD.have; had3.-Do you know Lydia very well?-Yes, She and I _ friends since we werevery young.A.have madeB. have beco

17、meC.have beenD.have turned4.- you ever to the US?-Yes, twice.A.Have; goneB. Have; beenC, Do; goD.were; going5. Since you don't want to_g_o_,_I_ alone.A.will goB. goC.wentD. have gone6.He in Shanghai in 196o.A.livesB. livedC.has livedD.is living7.Robert in England a few weeks ago.A.arrivesB. has

18、arrivedC.could arriveD.arrived8.How long in Fujian?A.has he arrivedB. did he arriveC.has he beenD.arrived9.Jack a letter to his parents recently.A.writesB. wroteC.writeD.has written10.She has been here .A.after 1978B. for 1978C.in 1978D.since 1978中考題1. -Are you going to the bank, Laura?-No, I to the

19、 bank already. 【 2011 江蘇徐州】A. have beenB. have goneC. am goingD. had been20112. So far this year, many new houses in Wenchuan with the help of the government.四川資陽】A. buildB. are builtC. will buildD. have been built3. My grandmother a lot of changes in Tianjin since she came here. 【 2011 天津】D. has seenD. have madeA. seesB. can seeC. will see4. I many new friends since I came here. 【2011 貴州畢節(jié)】A. makeB. madeC. will make5. -Why won't you go to the