中學(xué)考試英語(yǔ)情景交際用語(yǔ)歸納

1、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)文檔初中英語(yǔ)常用交際用語(yǔ)歸納2015年中考英語(yǔ)交際運(yùn)用36個(gè)考試熱點(diǎn)總結(jié)文案大全談?wù)擃伾?Talking about color ) What color is it?It ' s red.一My favourite color is blue. Three. 一 What's you favourite color, Jenny? 一 How many colors do you like?談?wù)撃挲g(Talking about age ) 一 How old are you? What ' s your age? I'm fourteen years ol

2、d. She is very young.談?wù)撘?guī)格(尺寸)(Talking about size ) What size does your friend wear? It ' s too big /small. I think he is the same size as Brian.談?wù)摬牧?Talking about materials ) Is your shirt made of cotton? what ' s the table made of? .Straw hats are made from the stems of grass plants. He mad

3、e a large wooden ship問(wèn)候/打招呼(Greeting ) .How are you ?你好嗎？I ' m fine, thanks. 很好，謝謝/very well ,thank you.我也很好，謝謝/just so-so也過(guò)得去 Nice to meet you. 見(jiàn)到你很高興 ！一Nice to meet you, too.見(jiàn)到你也很高興 ！ good morning/good afternoon/ good evening!早上 / 下午/ 晚上好 hello/hi! 你好！介紹(Introducing people )1.自我介紹 I'm a st

4、udent/worker.我是一名學(xué)生/工.my name is . 我是 .人2.介紹他人 this is Mr/Miss.這是.先生/小姐 .I'd like you to meet.我想讓你認(rèn)識(shí). may I introduce.（to you ） ?請(qǐng)?jiān)试S我向你介紹，好嗎?3.對(duì)初識(shí)者的問(wèn)候 how do you do?你好? nice/glad/pleased to see you.很高興認(rèn)識(shí)你告別(Saying Good-bye )1.告別時(shí)，客人表示要離開(kāi)的客氣用語(yǔ) I think it's time for us to leave now.我想我們?cè)撾x開(kāi)了2.

5、I am sorry I have to go now.對(duì)不起 I am afraid that I must be leaving now.雙方告別時(shí)的用語(yǔ) goodbye!/bye-bye ! 再見(jiàn)恐怕我得離開(kāi)了 good night!再見(jiàn) see you later/then/soon/tomorrow.一會(huì)兒見(jiàn)/明天見(jiàn)感謝(thanks )1.感謝對(duì)方 thank you(very much).謝謝thanks(thank you)for 因謝謝你2. Many thanks.非常感謝 it's very kind/nice of you回答對(duì)方的感謝 not at all.

6、不用謝 you 're welcome. 不用謝 I appreciate your help我非常感謝你的幫助你真是太好了 thanks a lot. that's all right/ok. it's a pleasure. 不客氣不用謝 Don't mention it客氣.派 道歉(Apologies )1.表達(dá)道歉 Pardon?對(duì)不起? Excuse me!打擾一下/勞駕I beg your pardon.對(duì)不起/請(qǐng)?jiān)?I ' m sorry/sorry. 對(duì)不起I ' m sorry for/aboutI'm sorry

7、that I'm late對(duì)不起，我來(lái)遲了對(duì)不起，打擾你了 That ' s all right/Ok.沒(méi)關(guān)系I'm sorry to interrupt you.2 .當(dāng)要打擾別人或麻煩別人時(shí)的用語(yǔ) excuse me,please.打擾一下八 勞駕 excuse me,may I ask you a question/use your pen?打擾一下，我可以問(wèn)你一個(gè)問(wèn)題/j借用一下你的筆嗎?3 .回答別人的道歉的應(yīng)答語(yǔ) It doesn ' t matter./That ' s nothing./Never mind. 沒(méi)關(guān)系 No problem

8、./Don ' t worry about it!沒(méi)問(wèn)題/別擔(dān)心邀請(qǐng)（invitation and reply1.表示邀請(qǐng)的用語(yǔ)2.接受邀請(qǐng)的用語(yǔ)我可以請(qǐng)你吃飯嗎?去游泳怎么樣? yes,I'd love to.是的，我愿意 that would be nice.那太好了 Yes,it's very kind/nice of you.是，你真是太好了 I'd like that ,thanks.我愿意，謝謝 would you like to ? 你愿意做 嗎? will you come to ? 你愿意做來(lái) 嗎? may I invite you to di

9、nner? what/how about having a swim? that sounds great/fun.聽(tīng)起來(lái)夠棒的/蠻有意思的。3.拒絕邀請(qǐng)的用語(yǔ)對(duì)不起，我不能。改天怎么樣?你真是太好了，可是 I'm sorry I can't.what about another day? it's very kind/nice of you.but no,thank you. 我不想，謝謝你 .I'd love to,but 我愿意，但是請(qǐng)求允許( Asking for permission )1 .請(qǐng)求允許的用語(yǔ) May I have some donuts

10、, please?我可以吃一些面包圈嗎？ is it all right if I sit here?我坐這里行嗎？ can /could I drink some water/use your phone ?我可以喝水 / 用你的電話嗎？ would/do you mind if I open the window/close the door?你介意我打開(kāi)窗戶嗎 I wonder if I could smoke here.我想知道我是否可以在這里抽煙2 .表示肯定的答語(yǔ) yes./certainly./sure 可以/當(dāng)然可以 .of course ,you can. 當(dāng)然可以 yes,

11、 do please . 你請(qǐng)that's ok/all right. 沒(méi)關(guān)系 go ahead,please. 你請(qǐng)3 .表是否定的答語(yǔ) I'm Sorry,but you mustn't/can.對(duì)不起，那不允許/你不能 I'm Sorry,but it's not allowed.對(duì)不起，那是不允許的 I'm afraid not. 恐怕不行 you had better not你最好別X祝愿與祝賀(Wishes and Congratulations )1 .常用的祝賀 Good luck!祝你好運(yùn) Best wishes to you

12、祝福你 Well done! 干得好Congratulations! 祝賀你 Wish you all the success! 祝你成功 Enjoy yourself/yourselves! 祝你快樂(lè) Happy birthday to you! 祝你生日快樂(lè) Wish you good health and lots of happiness!祝你身體健康，幸?？鞓?lè)2 .節(jié)日祝賀用語(yǔ) Happy New Year! 祝你新年快樂(lè) .Merry Christmas!圣誕快樂(lè) Happy Spring Festival!春節(jié)快樂(lè).Happy Mid-Autumn Day 中秋節(jié)快樂(lè)！3 常用應(yīng)

13、答語(yǔ) Thank you.謝謝 You, too.也祝你快來(lái) The same to you. 也祝你快來(lái)注意：對(duì)共有節(jié)日的回答用"the same to you "或"you ,to ”而其余的則用“thank you提供幫助(Offering help )1.商店，旅店等服務(wù)機(jī)構(gòu)為對(duì)方提供幫助時(shí)的用語(yǔ) Can I help you?我能幫忙嗎？ What can I do for you?我能為你做點(diǎn)什么?2.般情況下為對(duì)方提供幫助或服務(wù)的用語(yǔ) would yo like me to help you?你愿意我?guī)湍銌? here you are. 給你 let

14、 me for you 讓我為你 here ,take this/my 到這兒來(lái),拿 would you like some ？你想要點(diǎn)嗎？3.應(yīng)答用語(yǔ)1)肯定答語(yǔ) Thanks for your help/thank you.謝謝你的幫助 Yes, please.是的 Thanks for helping me./thank you.謝謝你的幫助 yes,thanks. 是的,謝謝 Thanks.that would be nice/fine謝謝，那太好了2)否定答語(yǔ) Thank you all the same.仍然謝謝你no,thanks/thank you不用了，謝謝 That'

15、;s very kind of you,but I don't need it(I can manage it myself )那太好了，可是我不需要 （我自己會(huì)處理）約會(huì)(appointment )1.約會(huì)前詢問(wèn)對(duì)方有無(wú)空閑的用語(yǔ)1) 問(wèn)句 are you free this afternoon/evening?你今天下/j今晚有空嗎? do you have time this afternoon?今天下你有空嗎?2) 應(yīng)答用語(yǔ) yes,I'll be free then.是的,那是我有空 no,I won't be free then.but I'll b

16、e free不，我那是沒(méi)空。不過(guò)我有空2提出約會(huì)時(shí)間，地點(diǎn)以及征求對(duì)方意見(jiàn)1) 問(wèn)句 how about tomorrow morning/evening? 明天上午/晚上怎么樣？ shall/could we meet at 4:30? 我們 4:30 見(jiàn)面行不行？ let's make it at 4:30. 咱們定在 4:30 吧2) 應(yīng)答用語(yǔ)* yes ,that's all right. 好吧，就這樣吧 all right. See you then. 好吧，到時(shí)見(jiàn)必 打電話(Making telephone calls )1 .通話后找人 Hello! May I

17、speak to .?喂，請(qǐng)接電話好嗎？ Hello! I ' d like to speak to Mr Green ? 喂，我想找格林先生 Is that speaking? 你是嗎？2 .接電話人應(yīng)答語(yǔ) Hello! This/It ' s.(speaking) 喂，我就是 hello ,who is that(speaking)?喂，你是哪一位？注意：接電話時(shí)，詢問(wèn)對(duì)方是誰(shuí)時(shí)，不能用" who are you ?"或"are you."，回 答自己是某人時(shí)，不能" I'm.”說(shuō)3 .告訴對(duì)方要找的人目前不在時(shí)，馬

18、上就去叫，請(qǐng)對(duì)方稍后的用語(yǔ) Hold on, please./Please wait a moment.請(qǐng)不肖后 hold the line ,please 請(qǐng)別掛機(jī)4 .告訴對(duì)方要找的人目前不在，請(qǐng)對(duì)方留言的用語(yǔ)。 Can I take a message for you?我可以為你捎口 信嗎？ I'm calling to tell/ask you我會(huì)打電話告訴你 he isn't here right now. 他目前不在 .sorry ,but .is out. 對(duì)不起，.出 去了5 .聽(tīng)不聽(tīng)對(duì)方說(shuō)話，線路不暢或告訴對(duì)方撥錯(cuò)號(hào)碼時(shí)的用語(yǔ) sorry,I can'

19、t hear you .對(duì)不起，我聽(tīng)不清你說(shuō)的話 Sorryjm afraid you have the wrong number對(duì)不起，你撥錯(cuò)號(hào)碼了 / 你打錯(cuò)了 the line is bad/busy.線路不暢 /忙、占線 *I couldn't get through 我打不通6.通話結(jié)束后用語(yǔ) goodbye./bye.再見(jiàn) I ' ll ring him up again.我會(huì)再給他打電話派 就餐(Having meals )1 .主人征求或建議對(duì)方吃什么 Would you like something to eat/drink?你想不想吃 / 喝點(diǎn)什么？ Wha

20、t would you like to have?你想不想吃點(diǎn)什么? Would you like some more.? 你還想來(lái)點(diǎn)什么嗎？ which do you prefer, rice or noodles?你更喜歡哪一樣，米飯還是面條？ What would you like to drink, tea or coffee?你喜歡喝什么,茶還是咖啡？2 .主人讓客人隨意用自己喜歡的食物或飲料 Help yourself/yourselves 請(qǐng)隨便 Help yourself/yourselves to .請(qǐng)隨便吃點(diǎn)3 .客人的應(yīng)答語(yǔ) .I ' m full, thank

21、you.我吃飽了，謝謝你 Just a little, please 來(lái)一 八、八、. Thank you. I've had enough.謝謝，我吃飽了.I ' d like .來(lái)點(diǎn) It ' s delicious, but I can ' t eat any more 很好吃/喝，但我不能再吃 /喝了X 就醫(yī) / 看病(Seeing a Doctor )1 .醫(yī)生詢問(wèn)病情 What' s the matter(with you) /what ' s wrong?/what ' s your trouble? 你怎么 了？ Do y

22、ou have a fever?你發(fā)燒了 嗎? Have you taken your temperature?你量過(guò)體溫沒(méi)？ How long have you been like this?你想這樣多久了 ？2 .病人陳述病情 There ' s something wrong with my (eyes)我的眼睛不舒服 I ' ve got a cough(fever/stomachache/headache/backache/sore throat)我咳嗽/發(fā)燒/胃疼/頭疼.背疼/喉嚨痛 I've got a pain here.我這兒疼.This place

23、hurts.這個(gè)地方痛 I feel terrible(bad/awful) 我感到難受/不舒服/糟糕透了 I don ' t feel well. 我感覺(jué)不舒服 I can ' t sleep well.我睡不好 I don 't feel like eating anything我不想吃東西 .It hurts here. 傷著這兒3 .醫(yī)生的遺囑、安慰及建議 Take this medicine three times a day, after the meal.這藥飯后天服三次 It ' s nothing serious. 沒(méi)什么嚴(yán)重的 You'

24、; ll be all right/well soon.你很快會(huì)康復(fù)的 Get up early and take more exercise 早起，多鍛煉 Eat less fat food and more vegetables.少吃含脂肪的食物多吃菜X 購(gòu)物(Go Shopping )我能為你做點(diǎn)什么?我能為你做點(diǎn)什么？ Here' s your change. 給零錢(qián)你要多少？你要什么顏色/尺寸？這個(gè)/雙怎么樣？ That' s fine. I ' ll take it. 好的，我買(mǎi)下1 .售貨員用語(yǔ) What can I do for you? May/Can

25、 I help you? How much/many would/do you like? What color/size would you like? What(How) about this one (pair)?2 .顧客購(gòu)物用語(yǔ) I want/I ' d like .我要買(mǎi).了 That' s too much/expensive, I ' m afraid. 恐怕有點(diǎn)太多 / 貴了 Let me have kilos/box(es),etc 我要買(mǎi)公斤 /箱 Do you have any other kind/size/color?你有其他種類/尺寸/顏色

26、嗎? How much is it/How much does it cost?多少錢(qián)?問(wèn)路及指路 ( Asking and directing the way )1 .問(wèn)路者的禮貌用語(yǔ) Excuse me,how can I get to the ？請(qǐng)問(wèn)，我怎樣去？ Excuse me. Can you tell me the way to the?請(qǐng)問(wèn)，去 的路怎么走？ Excuse me. Where's the men' s/ladies' room? 請(qǐng)問(wèn)，男 / 女廁所在哪里？ Excuse me.which is the way to ？請(qǐng)問(wèn)，哪一條是去的

27、路？ Excuse me.which bus goes to ?請(qǐng)問(wèn)，哪一趟車去？2 .應(yīng)答著用語(yǔ) it's over there. 在那邊 You bad better take a bus.你最好乘出租車 From there, you can see the movie theatre.從這兒，你就可以電影院 Turn right /left at the second/first crossing.Go down this street在第二/一個(gè)十字路口向右/左轉(zhuǎn)，沿著這條路走 sorry,I don't know ,either.I'm a new come

28、r/stranger here.對(duì)不起，我也不知道。我是一個(gè)陌生人/新來(lái)者 it's about meters from here . 距離這大約 米遠(yuǎn) you can take bus NO.103. 你可以乘坐103路公交車冰談?wù)撎鞖?Talking about weather ) How is the weather today?What ' s the weather like today?今天的天氣怎么樣 It ' sunny /rainy/ snowy /windy. 今天晴天/下雨/下雪/舌U風(fēng) 一Is it snowy?今天下雪嗎？一 No , it &

29、#39; s hot today. 不，今天很執(zhí) 八、 what' s the temperature?溫度是多少？一 It ' s 0 degrees.零攝氏度 一Is it rainy?今天下雨嗎？一Yes, it ' s rainy. 是，今天下雨 It ' s warm and windy in spring.春天天氣暖和多風(fēng) 一 What' s the temperature outside, Kim? It ' s minus fifteen degrees.外面溫度是多少?15攝氏度 What' s the temperat

30、ure today? Is it warm or hot? It ' s very cold hot today, isn ' t it? 今天非常冷 /熱，不是嗎？ It ' s a cold day!今天是一個(gè)寒冷的日子 what a cold day!多冷的天呀It 's getting warmer.天變的更暖和了提醒和警告 R Reminding and warning )1.表示提醒用語(yǔ) Danger!危險(xiǎn) No smoking/parking! 不許吸煙 /停車 Slow down!慢下來(lái) Entrance/Exit!入 口 /出口 Never o

31、ffer to teach fish to swim! Don' t feed the animals!不要喂動(dòng)物 Non ' t forget to water your plant! Don' t climb too high別爬得太高.2.表式警告的用語(yǔ) Be careful! 當(dāng)心 Take care!當(dāng)心 watch out! 當(dāng)心 look out! 當(dāng)心X 建議和勸告(Giving suggestions )1 .表達(dá)建議的用語(yǔ)現(xiàn)在打羽毛球怎么樣？為什么不推遲會(huì)議至明天? We d better go now.我們最好現(xiàn)在走 What/How about

32、playing badminton now? Why not put off the meeting till tomorrow? Would/Could you do it, please?請(qǐng)你做好嗎？ Shall we go to the park?我們?nèi)ス珗@好嗎？ Let ' s go to school.2 .應(yīng)答建議的用語(yǔ)肯定回答：Yes, please./Ok./Certainly/All right./Sure./Yes, Let' s ./是的，請(qǐng)/好的/當(dāng)然/好的/當(dāng)然/是，讓我們.What a good idea!/Good idea./That'

33、s a good idea!/ 好主意I would be glad to./I would like to./Yes, I' d like/love to.( 其中 to不能省略）我很高興去/我愿意去/是的，我愿意3 .否定回答：No, thank you./Sorry, we can ' t./Sorry, you can ' t.不，謝謝/對(duì)不起，我們不能/對(duì)不起，你不能Sorry, but./Sorry, I ' ll /Yes, I ' d like(love) to, but對(duì)不起，但是/對(duì)不起，我會(huì)/是的，我愿意但是。4 .表不勸告的用語(yǔ)

34、You' d better .你最好 You should 你應(yīng)該 Don' t push/run.別推/跑 Please be quiet. 請(qǐng)安靜談?wù)摃r(shí)間和日期（Talking about time and date1.詢問(wèn)時(shí)間What time is it?/What' s the time? 現(xiàn)在什么時(shí)間?2.詢問(wèn)日期What day is it?今天星期幾?What's the date? 今天幾號(hào)？3.應(yīng)答 It ' s Tuesday.It ' s 7:00 a quarter toIt ' s October 30.X就餐

35、用語(yǔ)(Having meals )1. Would you like some dumpling? No, thanks. / Yes please.2. I ' d like porridge for breakfast. 3. What would you like for supp er?5. 一 Are you ready to order? Yes, please. I ' d likeX相似與差別(Similarities and differences )1. You finger has the same DNA as your hair.2. Li Ming

36、looks like his father. 3.China is very different from Aus tralia.4. Western custom are different from Chinese customs.同意與不同意( Agreement and disagreement當(dāng)然可以 Certainly./Sure./Of course. Yes, please.請(qǐng)吧 That' s true.那是正確的 That' s a good idea. 好主意 確的2 .不完全同意(Partly agree ) Yes , maybe/perhaps. 是

37、的，也許 Yes , I suppose so. 是的，我認(rèn)為是3 .完全不同意(Disagree ) All right./Ok. 好吧 Yes, I think so. 我想是這樣 I agree(with you) 我同意 I ' m sure you 're right.我想你是正 You may be right.你也許是正確的 No, I don ' t think so. 不，我認(rèn)為不行 I ' m afraid not./ Of course not./No way. I don ' t agree(with you)./I can

38、9;t really agree with you.我確實(shí)無(wú)法贊成你的意見(jiàn) 派喜歡與不喜歡（Expressing like and dislikes1.表示喜歡的用語(yǔ) I like to wear my red coat.我喜歡穿紅上衣 She enjoys going for a walk.她喜歡散步 Sandra loves to eat many different foods. I hate to comb my hair. 我討厭梳頭 I'm fond of 我喜歡2.表示不喜歡的用語(yǔ) I hate getting out of bed sometimes. I don

39、9;t love roses.我不喜歡玫瑰 Brian didn't enjoy collecting stamps.桑德拉喜歡吃許多不同的食品 I'm interested in 我對(duì)感興趣我有時(shí)討厭起床布萊恩不喜歡集郵我恐怕不行/當(dāng)然不行/沒(méi)門(mén)<確定和不確定( Certainty and uncertainty )1 . 表不肯定 I ' m sure 我肯定 I' m sure of that我敢肯定那件事 I'm sure(that) 我肯定clear that 很明顯 There 's no doubt that 毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)2 .表

40、示不肯定 I'm not sure.我不敢肯定 Perhaps./may be 也許吧 it's hard to say. 很難說(shuō)否 I'm not sure of that.我不敢肯定那件事 Maybe you are right. 也許你是對(duì)的 I' m not sure whether/if我不敢肯定是可能和不可能(Possibilities and impossibilities)1 .表示可能 It can be helpful to you.他可能對(duì)你有用 the book must belong to me.這本書(shū)一定屬于我 the soccer

41、ball might/could be john's這個(gè)足球可能是約翰的2 .表示不可能 He couldn ' t take a train from Canada to London.他不可能乘火車從加拿大去倫敦 it can't be LiLei,he has been to England.他不可能是李磊，他已經(jīng)去英國(guó)X能夠與不能夠(Ability and inability )1. 詢問(wèn)能力 Can you ride a bike?你會(huì)騎自行車嗎？你能參加我的生日派對(duì)？?她不能參加我的生日派對(duì)?我不能算出這道數(shù)學(xué)題我不知道怎樣修理她的電話 Didn '

42、 t you know how to swim?難道你不知道怎樣游泳？ Will you be able to join my birthday party? Is she unable to come to my birthday party2. 表達(dá)有能力、無(wú)能力 I can ' t manage to work out the maths problem I don ' t know how to mend her telephone There ' s nothing I can do about it. 我無(wú)能為力 I can manage it myself

43、. 我自己會(huì)處理偏愛(ài)和愛(ài)好 ( Expressing preferences ) My favourite color is blue.我最喜歡的顏色是藍(lán)色 My favourite subject is social studies.我最喜歡的學(xué)科是社會(huì)科學(xué) I like Children ' s Day best.我最喜歡兒童節(jié) Shirts are his favourite clothes襯衫是他最喜歡的衣服X 意愿和打算 I'm going to be a basket ball player.我打算做一名籃球運(yùn)動(dòng)員 I will go to the moon one

44、 day.我愿意有朝一日去月球 I 'd like a cup of tea.我想喝一杯茶 I want to have a rest.我想休息一下 I hope to go sightseeing. 我希望去觀光冰 希望和愿望( Expressing hope and wish ) I wish to see your new photo. He hopes to have a great family when he ' s older I hope that some of my classmates will be my friends when we are olde

45、r!表?yè)P(yáng)與鼓勵(lì) P Praise and encouragement ) The gift is wonderful! 這件禮物非常好.You can do it. 你會(huì)做的 These chopsticks are beautiful!這些筷子很漂亮 Beijing is great! 背景很棒 Very good! 非常好.Good work!漂亮活.Come on趕快 Well done! / Wonderful! / Excellent! 干得好/很棒 You speak English very well!你英語(yǔ)說(shuō)的很好. Keep trying!繼續(xù)努力.You dress is

46、beautiful!你衣服很漂亮責(zé)備和抱怨 (Expressing blame and complain ) He is to blame. 他應(yīng)負(fù)責(zé)任她為交通事故責(zé)備他。 He shouldn ' t have done it.他本不該干那件事的。 She blamed him for the traffic accident.Why can' t you do something about it?你為何不能為那件事出點(diǎn)力？ He couldn ' t find the place.他找不到那個(gè)地方。You told him how to get there, bu

47、t perhaps you should have drawn a map.你告訴了他如何去，但是也許你本應(yīng)畫(huà)張地圖。表示感情 (Expressing feelings )1 .表達(dá)恐懼(Expressing fear ) Help! 救命.How terrible!*I ' m scared!2 .表達(dá)喜悅 E Expressing Happiness ) How wonderful/nice! That ' s nice/lovely/great/wonderful! I' m so happy/glad/pleased/happy (to )*It ' s

48、 well done.3 . 表達(dá)焦慮，焦急心情的用語(yǔ)(Expressing anxious ) I'm worried about. oh,what shall I/we do?4 表達(dá)急切心情的用語(yǔ) what's wrong? what's the matter(with you)?5 表示驚訝啊，驚奇的用語(yǔ)( Expressing surprising ) really ?oh,dear! Is that so?X 時(shí)間的表達(dá)(Expressing time ) 一what' s the time What time is it now?It '

49、s a quarter past tothree. What's the time by your watch?It 's three thirty /half pastthree.談?wù)摂?shù)字(Talking about numbers ) 一 How many people are there in Asia?一There are more than 3 billion people in Asia. 一 How many people live in North America?一More than 400 million people live in North America. 一 How much garbage does a person in North America make each year?Every year, each per