名師精編新人教版高中英語(yǔ)新教案：必修一狀語(yǔ)從句專(zhuān)題講解(詳細(xì))

1、知識(shí)導(dǎo)圖狀語(yǔ)從句when, while, as, sincef till/until, after, before, whenever, once, the 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句moment, soon as, ',hardly when"等地3L機(jī)in1 'Jwhereb wherever 原岡狀活從 5 becausef since- aa now th* M mat 等ifr unless, sofas long ash once, in case, an condition that, 條件狀語(yǔ)從口Jsupposing (chat), provided (that)

2、?j狀語(yǔ)從句：'though, although, as, even if/though, ,FwheThr.cr.,1 屣問(wèn)詞- 讓步狀語(yǔ)從" ever, "no tnaner+銃向詞"，了式狀語(yǔ)從句as, just as, as it-'as though, th4 way ：，；so that, in order that, in ca&e, lesth for fear (that)h fcr the purpose 口的狀語(yǔ)從句-由抵等 錯(cuò)果狀諳從句 that, so/such that, 'so/$uch.(thatr比

3、較狀譜從何a舞than.Jthe +比較級(jí). the+比較級(jí):"noeom tharT等定義：在主從復(fù)合句中作狀語(yǔ)的從句叫作狀語(yǔ)從句。狀語(yǔ)從句一般修飾主句的動(dòng)詞、形容詞 或副詞時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞在時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中，通常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)替代一般將來(lái)時(shí)：用一般過(guò)去時(shí)替代過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)。 e.g. When you get up, ring me up.When he left the classroom, the teacher came in.when, while, as引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句1） when, while和as的共同用法when, while和as都可以引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從

4、句，意為當(dāng)時(shí)候”。若表示主句中的動(dòng)詞和從句中的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，而從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞時(shí)，這三個(gè)詞等同，可以互換。When/While/as we were dancing, a stranger came in.（延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞）2） when/while 和 as 用法區(qū)另1Jwhen引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞既可以是延續(xù)性的，也可以是非延續(xù)性的，而while引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞只能是延續(xù)性的。When you came in, I was talking with a few boys. （非延續(xù)性）While we were waiting for the bus, it wa

5、s raining heavily. （延續(xù)性）while和as常表示從句的動(dòng)作與主句的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，而 when表示從句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句動(dòng)作之前、之后，也可同時(shí)發(fā)生。They rushed in while/as we were discussing problems.（同時(shí)發(fā)生）When he had finished his homework, he took a short rest.（先發(fā)生 + 后發(fā)生）When I got to the airport, the guest had left.（后發(fā)生 + 先發(fā)生）就在那when還可表示原因，意為 既然”，引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句；也可以用

6、作并列連詞，意為 時(shí)”，常構(gòu)成如下結(jié)構(gòu)：be about to do sth when正要做某事，突然/就在那時(shí) be doing sth when 正在做某事，突然 /就在那時(shí).While表示兩個(gè)延續(xù)性動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生而又有對(duì)比意義，主從句時(shí)態(tài)通常是相同的。While she was making a phone call, I was writing a letter. （對(duì)比意義）注：a）當(dāng)兩個(gè)可延續(xù)性的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生而又有對(duì)比意義時(shí)，從句常用while引導(dǎo)，主句和從句的時(shí)態(tài)通常是相同的。e.g. My brother was washing the dishes while I was cl

7、eaning the table.b） While還可作并列連詞，意為 而，卻”，表示對(duì)比；也可以意為盡管”，引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。as意為 隨著，一邊 ，一邊”常有以下用法：a）用于表示兩個(gè)動(dòng)作同時(shí)或者幾乎同時(shí)發(fā)生。b）表示兩個(gè)發(fā)展變化中的情況。c）表示在某事發(fā)生的過(guò)程中另外一件事發(fā)生。d）表示隨著短暫動(dòng)作的發(fā)生，另一動(dòng)作立刻發(fā)生。before和after引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句before意為 在之前”，表示主句動(dòng)作發(fā)生在從句動(dòng)作之前。after意為 在之后”，表示主句動(dòng)作發(fā)生在從句動(dòng)作之后。Please turn off the lights before you leave the classr

8、oom.（先發(fā)生 + 后發(fā)生）He arrived after the game started.（后發(fā)生 + 先發(fā)生）注：before 常用于"It will/would（not）+一段時(shí)間 +before 句型中，肯定句意為 多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間后才 ”；否定句意為用不了多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間就”It will be a long time before we finished this task.（我們需要很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間才能完成這個(gè)任務(wù)）It won ' t be long before we meet again（過(guò)不了多久我們就會(huì)再見(jiàn)面）till和until引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句until/till意

9、為 直到為止”。當(dāng)主句為否定句時(shí)，常構(gòu)成 “not until的結(jié)構(gòu)，意為 直到才”1）主句是否定句時(shí)主句如果是否定句，則此時(shí)主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，表示主句的動(dòng)作從從句表示的時(shí)間點(diǎn)才開(kāi)始，即直到-才”I didn ' t knoanything about it until you told me（否定句，謂語(yǔ)為非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞）2）主句是肯定句時(shí)主句如果是肯定句，則此時(shí)主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，表示主句的動(dòng)作直到從句表示的時(shí)間點(diǎn)就結(jié)束，即 直到為止”。I will wait for you until/till you come back.（肯定句，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞）注：用于句

10、首時(shí)，常用 until而不用till.e.g. Until you told me, I had heard nothing of what happened.在強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)中 until不能改成till ,且該強(qiáng)調(diào)句式常以"not until形式存在，not與until放在一起進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào)。e.g. It is not until you' ve finished your work that you are allowed to play football.“notuntirt為 直到才”，置于句首時(shí)，主句用部分倒裝。Not until I began to work did I

11、 realize how much time I had wasted.since和 ever since弓I導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句1） since意為 自從”。表示強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)，since前可加ever,主句常用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)或一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句常用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。I have lived in England since I was three.It is two years since I became a college student.2）從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不同，表達(dá)的意義不同。since引導(dǎo)的從句謂語(yǔ)如果是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞或表示狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞，則從句表示的時(shí)間是從該動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)結(jié)束時(shí)算起。It has been a ye

12、ar since he worked here.他不在這里工作已經(jīng)一年了。（work是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，因此從該動(dòng)作結(jié)束算起）He has written to me regularly since he was ill. （ be ill 是表示狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞，因此從該動(dòng)作結(jié)束時(shí)算起）since引導(dǎo)的從句謂語(yǔ)如果是非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，則從句表示的時(shí)間從該動(dòng)作開(kāi)始時(shí)算起。We haven ' t seen each othence we parted.自從我們分手以后，我們一直沒(méi)有見(jiàn)過(guò)面。（part非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，因此從該動(dòng)作開(kāi)始時(shí)算起）3） “It is/has been力since+式。意為 自從有

13、多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間了 ”It is/has been 5 years since we last met.自從我們上次見(jiàn)面以來(lái)已經(jīng)有5年了。注：It is/has been+since過(guò)去時(shí)It will be+before+現(xiàn)在時(shí)It was/had been+since+過(guò)去時(shí)名詞短語(yǔ)引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句表示時(shí)間的名詞短語(yǔ)有時(shí)也可引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，常見(jiàn)的此類(lèi)名詞短語(yǔ)有：The day he returned home, his father was already dead.注：以上的這些名詞短語(yǔ)含有 每次，每天，每分鐘”等含義，引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，這些名詞前不加介詞，后面不加 when等從屬連詞。b

14、y the time弓I導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句by the time意為 到時(shí)候”，常表示到某一時(shí)間點(diǎn)為止。引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，主句常用將來(lái)完成時(shí)或過(guò)去完成時(shí)。By the time you graduate, you will have lived in Australia for one year.By the time he arrived at the airport, the airplane had taken off.表示 就的詞引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。表示 就”的詞有：as soon as, immediately, directly, the moment, the minute,“n

15、o soonerthan"hardly/scarcelywhen”等。 這類(lèi)詞語(yǔ)表示從句動(dòng)作一發(fā)生，主句的動(dòng)作也隨即發(fā)生。I hardly got to the office when my wife phoned me to go back home at once.The moment I saw it, I fell in love with it.注：“ncsoonerthan","hardlywhen時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，主句用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，從句用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。此外，當(dāng)把no sooner, hardly/scarcely提到句首時(shí)，主句用部分倒裝。No soon

16、er had he reached home than it began to rain.=He had no sooner reached home than it began to rain.Hardly had I told him the news when he stopped listening.=I hardly told him the news when he stopped listening.地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞有 when和wherever。where, wherever指具體地點(diǎn)時(shí)，從句可用于主句之前或之后；where, wherever表示抽象概念的含義

17、時(shí)，從句需放在主句前。A number of high buildings have arisen where there was nothing a year ago but ruins. （where 表示具體地點(diǎn)）Where there is a will, there is a way. （where 表示抽象概念）where引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句和狀語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別。You' d better make a mark at the place where you have any questions.（定語(yǔ)從句）You' d better make a mark where yo

18、u have any questions.（狀語(yǔ)從句）地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句與定語(yǔ)從句的轉(zhuǎn)化地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句一般可以轉(zhuǎn)化為定語(yǔ)從句，只要在where前加介詞+the place；便可變?yōu)槎ㄕZ(yǔ)從句原因狀語(yǔ)從句原因狀語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞because, as, since, now thati勺用法和比較I am trying to lose weight because I' m so ashamed of my body.It was because it didn ' t rain for a long time that the crops failed.As it was a public

19、holiday, all the shops were shut up.Since you are free tonight, why not drop in and play chess with me?Now that you are a high school student, you are responsible for what you do.when也可以表示原因，意為 既然，考慮到"，相當(dāng)于since, considering (that)。Why do you want a new job when you ' ve got such a good one

20、already?條件狀語(yǔ)從句條件狀語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞One' s life has value as long as one brings value to the life of others.Supposing he does not come, shall we go without him?You can use my car on condition that you return it by next Monday.unless引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句unless與ifno何以互換，但是 unless語(yǔ)氣較強(qiáng)。在 unless引導(dǎo)的從句中，謂語(yǔ)不能再用否定式。You will be

21、late unless you leave immediately.=You will be late, if you don' t leave immediately.注：if能用于虛擬條件句中，但unless不能。only if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句如果only if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句位于主句之前，主句用部分倒裝；如果only if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句位于主句之后，主句要用正常語(yǔ)序。Only if you finished the work can you play computer games.(主句用音 B 分倒裝)I ' ll tell you the secret onl

22、y if you promise not to tell anyone else.（主句用正常語(yǔ)序）條件狀語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)當(dāng)主句是將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)，條件狀語(yǔ)從句常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或一般過(guò)去時(shí)代替將來(lái)時(shí)。I will go there tomorrow unless it rains/if it doesn' t rain.She said she would come if I invited her.讓步狀語(yǔ)從句讓步狀語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞although和though弓I導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句although和though兩者意思相同，一般可以互換，都可以與yet, still或nevertheless連用,

23、但不能和but連用。Although/Though it was raining hard, (yet) they went on playing football.注：Though還可用作副詞，單獨(dú)置于句末，意為 但是，可是，不過(guò)"；although不可用作副詞。在even though中一般不可用 although代替。e.g. I ' ve a bit of headache. It' s nothing much, though.even if和even though引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句這兩個(gè)短語(yǔ)表示語(yǔ)氣更強(qiáng)的讓步，意為即使”，引導(dǎo)的從句可用陳述語(yǔ)氣，也可用虛擬

24、語(yǔ)氣。She insisted that her own opinion even if/though she was wrong.（陳述語(yǔ)氣）Even if I were busy, I would go.（虛擬語(yǔ)氣）as引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句as引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句放在主句之前，需用倒裝語(yǔ)序，從句的表語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)或動(dòng)詞原形位于句首。若表語(yǔ)時(shí)名詞，前置時(shí)要省略冠詞，though引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句有時(shí)也可以這樣用。該句型的倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)為：表語(yǔ) /狀語(yǔ)/動(dòng)詞原形+as/though+主語(yǔ)+助動(dòng)詞/be動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞Tired as/though he was, he continued his work.no

25、 matter+疑問(wèn)詞和疑問(wèn)詞-ever引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句no引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，兩者可以進(jìn)行互換。但是疑問(wèn)詞-ever還可引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，而matter+疑問(wèn)詞不可以。Everyone will be given a telephone number at birth that will never change no matter where they live. （=wherever they live）（no matter where引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句）Whoever wants to go can write your name down here.（whoever引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句，

26、不可用 no matter who替換）whether（or not）和“whetheror引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句Whether you believe it or not, it is true.Sports will be of great value to people, whether they are men or women, old or young.方式狀語(yǔ)從句方式狀語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞as引導(dǎo)的方式狀語(yǔ)從句You must do as the teacher tells you.Always do to the others as you would be done by.注：方式狀語(yǔ)

27、從句應(yīng)該放在主句之后。as if和as though引導(dǎo)的方式狀語(yǔ)從句as if和as though引導(dǎo)的從句中一般用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。但是，若句中的內(nèi)容與事實(shí)相符或?qū)崿F(xiàn)的 可能性較大，也可用陳述語(yǔ)氣。I remember it as if it happened yesterday. （虛擬語(yǔ)氣）He closed his eyes as if/though he was tired. （陳述語(yǔ)氣）目的狀語(yǔ)從句目的狀語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞in order that, so that引導(dǎo)的目的狀語(yǔ)從句兩者都意為 為了，以便“，引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句中需用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 can, could, may, might, wou

28、ld等。 in order that比so that正式，引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句可置于主句之前或之后，而 so that引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ) 從句只能置于主句后。 so that中的that有時(shí)可省略。In order that we might see the sunrise, we started for the peak early.Bell wanted to improve it so that it could send several messages at the same time.for fear (that), in case和lest引導(dǎo)的目的狀語(yǔ)從句這些從屬連詞意為以防，以免”，引導(dǎo)的

29、目的狀語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有時(shí)要用 “(should/might/could ) + 動(dòng)詞原形”。The boy hid himself behind the tree in case/for fear that/lest his father should see him.注：so that引導(dǎo)的目的狀語(yǔ)從句和結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別so that既可以引導(dǎo)目的狀語(yǔ)從句，又可引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句。引導(dǎo)目的狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常含有 can, could, may, might等情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。而引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)時(shí)則沒(méi)有。He always works hard so that he may make gre

30、at progress.(目 的狀語(yǔ)從句)He always worked hard, so that he made great progress. (結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞狀語(yǔ)從句知識(shí)導(dǎo)圖時(shí)間或語(yǔ)從句when, vhile, as, ince, till until, after, before, whenever, once, the moment, as soon as, "hardly when"等地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句-wh*re, A'herpvpr 上京為把,從句-becausci sincek as, now that, in tha

31、t葩件狀專(zhuān)從句-if, unk55,long as. once, m case on condition that,supposing (thsr), provided (that)等狀語(yǔ)從句卜 jT讓步軟漸從句though, although,一工 even if/though, Hwhcrhef,.or+H1 優(yōu)同 cver，"nomalteri 就阿司”方式獻(xiàn)語(yǔ)從句ai. juii as, as if as though, the way (目的狀證從句-5口 rhai, in order that, in 匚電，lest, fur hr 'thjil, for the

32、 purposethat 等范果狀常從句;that, $c/such(hatT -so/sucih.(that)"比較狀語(yǔ)從句-的 thanjth七-ItH歌/thr+比疣然"w EQirthan .等定義：在主從復(fù)合句中作狀語(yǔ)的從句叫作狀語(yǔ)從句。狀語(yǔ)從句一般修飾主句的動(dòng)詞、形容詞或副詞時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞when當(dāng)時(shí)候after 在 之后ever since 自從every/each time 每次as soon aswhile當(dāng)時(shí)候before在 之前since自從next time 下次onceas當(dāng)時(shí)候till直到為止 until直到為止by the t

33、ime到時(shí)候the moment hardly/scarcely when no sooner thandirectly/immediately/instantly就 就注：在時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中，通常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)替代一般將來(lái)時(shí)；用一般過(guò)去時(shí)替代過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)。e.g. When you get up, ring me up.When he left the classroom, the teacher came in.when, while, as引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句3） when, while和as的共同用法when, while和as都可以引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，意為當(dāng)時(shí)候”。若表示主句中的動(dòng)詞和從句中的

34、動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生 ，而從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞時(shí)，這三個(gè)詞等同，可以互換。When/While/as we were dancing, a stranger came in.（延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞）4） when/while和as用法區(qū)別when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞既可以是延續(xù)性的，也可以是非延續(xù)性的，而while引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞只能是延續(xù)性的。When you came in, I was talking with a few boys. （非延續(xù)性）While we were waiting for the bus, it was raining heavily. （延續(xù)性）whe

35、n表示從句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句動(dòng)作之前、之后，也while和as常表示從句的動(dòng)作與主句的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，而可同時(shí)發(fā)生。They rushed in while/as we were discussing problems.（同時(shí)發(fā)生）When he had finished his homework, he took a short rest.（先發(fā)生 + 后發(fā)生）When I got to the airport, the guest had left.（后發(fā)生 + 先發(fā)生）注：when還可表示原因，意為 既然”，引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句；也可以用作并列連詞，意為就在那時(shí)”，常構(gòu)成如下結(jié)構(gòu):be abou

36、t to do sth when正要做某事，突然/就在那時(shí) be doing sth when 正在做某事，突然/就在那時(shí).While表示兩個(gè)延續(xù)性動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生而又有對(duì)比意義，主從句時(shí)態(tài)通常是相同的。While she was making a phone call, I was writing a letter.（對(duì)比意義）注：c）當(dāng)兩個(gè)可延續(xù)性的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生而又有對(duì)比意義時(shí)，從句常用while引導(dǎo)，主句和從句的時(shí)態(tài)通常是相同的。e.g. My brother was washing the dishes while I was cleaning the table.d） While還可作并

37、列連詞，意為 而，卻”，表示對(duì)比；也可以意為盡管”，引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。as意為 隨著，一邊，一邊”常有以下用法：e）用于表示兩個(gè)動(dòng)作同時(shí)或者幾乎同時(shí)發(fā)生。f）表示兩個(gè)發(fā)展變化中的情況。g）表示在某事發(fā)生的過(guò)程中另外一件事發(fā)生。h）表示隨著短暫動(dòng)作的發(fā)生，另一動(dòng)作立刻發(fā)生。before和after引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句before意為 在之前”，表示主句動(dòng)作發(fā)生在從句動(dòng)作之前。after意為 在之后”，表示主句動(dòng)作發(fā)生在從句動(dòng)作之后。Please turn off the lights before you leave the classroom.（先發(fā)生 + 后發(fā)生）He arrived afte

38、r the game started.（后發(fā)生 + 先發(fā)生）注：before 常用于"It will/would（not）+一段時(shí)間 +before 句型中，肯定句意為 多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間后才 ”；否定句意為用不了多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間就”It will be a long time before we finished this task.（我們需要很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間才能完成這個(gè)任務(wù)）It won ' t be long before we meet again（過(guò)不了多久我們就會(huì)再見(jiàn)面）till和until引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句until/till意為 直到為止”。當(dāng)主句為否定句時(shí)，常構(gòu)成 “not unti

39、l的結(jié)構(gòu)，意為 直到才”2）主句是否定句時(shí)主句如果是否定句，則此時(shí)主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，表示主句的動(dòng)作從從句表示的時(shí)間點(diǎn)才開(kāi)始，即 直到才”I didn ' t knoanything about it until you told me（否定句，謂語(yǔ)為非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞）2）主句是肯定句時(shí)主句如果是肯定句，則此時(shí)主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，表示主句的動(dòng)作直到從句表示的時(shí)間點(diǎn)就結(jié)束，即直到為止”。I will wait for you until/till you come back.（肯定句，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞）注：用于句首時(shí)，常用 until而不用till.e.g. Until y

40、ou told me, I had heard nothing of what happened.在強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)中until不能改成till ,且該強(qiáng)調(diào)句式常以"not until形式存在，not與until放在一起進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào)。e.g. It is not until you' ve finished your workethalowed to play football.“not unti意為 直到才”，置于句首時(shí)，主句用部分倒裝。Not until I began to work did I realize how much time I had wasted.since和 e

41、ver since弓I導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句3） since意為自從”。表示強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)，since前可加ever,主句常用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)或一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句常用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。I have lived in England since I was three.It is two years since I became a college student.4）從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不同，表達(dá)的意義不同。since引導(dǎo)的從句謂語(yǔ)如果是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞或表示狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞，則從句表示的時(shí)間是從該動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)結(jié)束時(shí)算起。It has been a year since he worked here.他不在這里工作已經(jīng)一年了。（work是延續(xù)

42、性動(dòng)詞，因此從該動(dòng)作結(jié)束算起）He has written to me regularly since he was ill. （be ill是表示狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞，因此從該動(dòng)作結(jié)束時(shí)算起）since引導(dǎo)的從句謂語(yǔ)如果是非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，則從句表示的時(shí)間從該動(dòng)作開(kāi)始時(shí)算起。We haven ' t seen each other since we parted.自從我們分手以后，我們一直沒(méi)有見(jiàn)過(guò)面。（part非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，因此從該動(dòng)作開(kāi)始時(shí)算起）3） “It is/has been力since+式。意為 自從有多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間了 ”It is/has been 5 years since we last

43、 met.自從我們上次見(jiàn)面以來(lái)已經(jīng)有5年了。注：It is/has been+since過(guò)去時(shí)It will be+before+現(xiàn)在時(shí)It was/had been +since+過(guò)去時(shí)名詞短語(yǔ)引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句表示時(shí)間的名詞短語(yǔ)有時(shí)也可引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，常見(jiàn)的此類(lèi)名詞短語(yǔ)有：the time那時(shí)the moment就,the minute就一the day那天the last time上一次the second time第二次each day每fevery time隼-次next time下一次any time任何時(shí)候The day he returned home, his father

44、 was already dead.以上的這些名詞短語(yǔ)含有 每次，每天，每分鐘”等含義，引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，這些名詞前不加介詞，后面不加when等從屬連詞。by the time引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句by the time意為 到時(shí)候”，常表示到某一時(shí)間點(diǎn)為止。引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，主句常用將來(lái)完成時(shí)或過(guò)去完成時(shí)。By the time you graduate, you will have lived in Australia for one year.By the time he arrived at the airport, the airplane had taken off.表示 就”的詞

45、引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。表示 J 就”的詞有：as soon as, immediately, directly, the moment, the minute, a no sooner than ” hardly/scarcely whe等”這類(lèi)詞語(yǔ)表示從句動(dòng)作一發(fā)生，主句的動(dòng)作也隨即發(fā)生。I hardly got to the office when my wife phoned me to go back home at once.The moment I saw it, I fell in love with it.注："nosoonerthan"，"hard

46、lywhen時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，主句用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，從句用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。此外，當(dāng)把no sooner, hardly/scarcely提到句首時(shí)，主句用部分倒裝。No sooner had he reached home than it began to rain.=He had no sooner reached home than it began to rain.Hardly had I told him the news when he stopped listening.=I hardly told him the news when he stopped listening.地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句地

47、點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞有 when和 wherever。where, wherever指具體地點(diǎn)時(shí)，從句可用于主句之前或之后;where, wherever表示抽象概念的含義時(shí)，從句需放在主句前。A number of high buildings have arisen where there was nothing a year ago but ruins. （where 表示具體地點(diǎn)）Where there is a will, there is a way. （where 表示抽象概念）where引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句和狀語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別。You' d better make a mark a

48、t the place where you have any questions.（定語(yǔ)從句）You' d better make a mark where you have any questions.（狀語(yǔ)從句）地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句與定語(yǔ)從句的轉(zhuǎn)化地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句一般可以轉(zhuǎn)化為定語(yǔ)從句，只要在 where前加 介詞+the place，”便可變?yōu)槎ㄕZ(yǔ)從句原因狀語(yǔ)從句原因狀語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞because 因?yàn)閟ince既然，因?yàn)閍s因?yàn)?，由于for因?yàn)閚ow that 既然in that由于某種原因for the reason that 因?yàn)閟eeing （that）由于considering （

49、that）考慮至Ugiven （that）考慮至Ubecause, as, since, now tha出勺用法和比較區(qū)別連詞能否回答why能否被強(qiáng)調(diào)because （因?yàn)椋┲骶淝盎蚝笾苯右蚬P(guān)系臺(tái)匕 目匕臺(tái)匕 目匕as （由于）主句前或后雙方都知道的不能不能since/now that （既然）主句前原因I am trying to lose weight because I' m so ashamed of my body.It was because it didn't rain for a long time that the crops failed.As it wa

50、s a public holiday, all the shops were shut up.Since you are free tonight, why not drop in and play chess with me?Now that you are a high school student, you are responsible for what you do.when也可以表示原因，意為 既然，考慮到"，相當(dāng)于since, considering (that)。Why do you want a new job when you've got such a

51、good oyealrea條件狀語(yǔ)從句條件狀語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞if如果unless除非once 旦as/so long as只要only if只要on condition that 條件是in case （that）以防，萬(wàn)一supposing（thatKBl如，如果providing/provided that 倘若One' s life has value as long as one brings value to the life of others.Supposing he does not come, shall we go without him?You can use my

52、 car on condition that you return it by next Monday.unless引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句unless與ifno何以互換，但是 unless語(yǔ)氣較強(qiáng)。在 unless引導(dǎo)的從句中，謂語(yǔ)不能再用否定式。You will be late unless you leave immediately.=You will be late, if you don ave immetdistely.if能用于虛擬條件句中，但unless不能。only if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句如果only if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句位于主句之前，主句用部分倒裝；如果only if引導(dǎo)的條件

53、狀語(yǔ)從句位于主句之后,主句要用正常語(yǔ)序。Only if you finished the work can you play computer games.（主句用音 B 分倒裝）I ' ll tell you the secret only if you promise not to tell anyone else.（主句用正常語(yǔ)序）條件狀語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)當(dāng)主句是將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)，條件狀語(yǔ)從句常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或一般過(guò)去時(shí)代替將來(lái)時(shí)。t rain.I will go there tomorrow unless it rains/if it doesn She said she would com

54、e if I invited her.讓步狀語(yǔ)從句讓步狀語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞although/though 盡管even if/though 即使as盡管no matter+疑問(wèn)詞、 疑問(wèn)詞-ever不論whether or不管 還是whether （or not）無(wú)論； 是否although和though引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句although和though兩者意思相同，一般可以互換，都可以與yet, still或nevertheless連用，但不能和 but連用。Although/Though it was raining hard, (yet) they went on playing footba

55、ll.Though還可用作副詞，單獨(dú)置于句末，意為 但是，可是，不過(guò)"；although不可用作副J詞。在 even though中一般 不可用although代替。e.g. I ' ve a bit of headache. It' s nothing much, though.even if和even though引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句這兩個(gè)短語(yǔ)表示語(yǔ)氣更強(qiáng)的讓步，意為即使”，引導(dǎo)的從句可用陳述語(yǔ)氣，也可用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。She insisted that her own opinion even if/though she was wrong. （陳述語(yǔ)氣）Even if

56、 I were busy, I would go.（虛擬語(yǔ)氣）as引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句as引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句放在主句之前，需用倒裝語(yǔ)序，從句的表語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)或動(dòng)詞原形位于句首。若表語(yǔ)時(shí)名詞，前 置時(shí)要省冠詞，though引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句有時(shí)也可以這樣用。該句型的倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)為：表語(yǔ) /狀語(yǔ)/動(dòng)詞原形+as/though+主語(yǔ)+助動(dòng)詞/be動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞Tired as/though he was, he continued his work.no matter+疑問(wèn)詞和疑問(wèn)詞-ever引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，兩者可以進(jìn)行互換。但是疑問(wèn)詞-ever還可引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，而 no matter+疑問(wèn)詞不可以。Everyone will be given a teleph