八年級英語上：Unit 3 Countries and Cities學案（北師大版）

1、unit 3 countries and cities【本講教育信息】一. 教學內(nèi)容：第三單元  第一部分能簡單描述不同國家的人口、地理、語言等情況，并進行比較 二. 本周教學重點、難點：1. 描述國家的人口、地理、語言等。2. “how + adjective”疑問句，及其回答。3. 形容詞的比較級。 三. 具體內(nèi)容：（一）asking about countries, cities, and languages.1. what is the capital of france?    its paris.2. what langu

2、age do they speak in america?    they speak english.3. where is the eiffel tower?    its in france.4. what is the country famous for?    its famous for the silk.e.g. my country is very large. it has many beautiful lakes, rivers and mountains. most people

3、live in the southern part of the country because it is very cold in the north. the capital of my country is ottawa. my country is called canada. （二）questions with “how + adjective”1. how long is the nile river?    the nile river is about 6,671 km long.2. how high is the great pyr

4、amid?    the great pyramid is 137 meters high.3. how far is beijing from shanghai?    its about 1000km.4. how deep is the grand canyon?    its about deep. （三）comparative adjectives    形容詞的原來形式在相比較概念中稱做原級，與之比較，“更的”稱作比較級，“最的”稱作最高級。形容詞變成比

5、較級和最高級的構(gòu)成規(guī)則1. 一般單音節(jié)形容詞和少數(shù)雙音節(jié)詞變成比較級，最高級，分別在詞尾加er, est.情況變法例詞一般情況加er, esttalltallertallest以e結(jié)尾時加r, stlargelargerlargest以“輔音+y”結(jié)尾時變y為i，加er, esthappyhappierhappiest以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾，末尾只有一個輔音字母時雙寫最后的輔音字母，再加er,estbigbiggerbiggestthinthinnerthinnest對少數(shù)的雙音節(jié)形容詞，變比較級和最高級時也是如此。e.g. narrownarrowernarrowest  simples

6、implersimplest   clevercleverercleverest2. 一般雙音節(jié)及多音節(jié)的形容詞變比較級和最高級時，都要在前面加more, most.e.g. usefulmore usefulmost usefuldifficultmore difficultmost difficult3. 不規(guī)則形式。原級比較級最高級many/muchmoremostgood/wellbetterbestbadworseworstlittlelessleastfarfarther/furtherfarthest/furthest  4. 有一些形容詞沒有比較級

7、。    e.g. chinese english, afraid aware alive, east west, right left, wooden golden, square round  5. 形容詞比較級的用法。（1）所在的句子結(jié)構(gòu)通常是：“含有形容詞比較級的主句+引導的從句”，如從句省略，要保留同主句相比的部分及其修飾語。    e.g. my composition is shorter than hers.i have more english books than french books.the pen

8、 im using now is better than the one i used last year.（2）相比中，出現(xiàn)的程度和數(shù)量之差，須置于形容詞比較級的前面。e.g. i am 2 years older than my younger brother.    your shoes are 2 sizes bigger than hers.    this book is more expensive than that one.6. 形容詞最高級的用法。用于兩者以上的比較。通常前面加定冠詞，并有一個表示范圍的短語或從句。

9、e.g. it is the most interesting book i have ever read.    john is the tallest boy in the class.    she is the best student in the school.7. 其他用法。（1）形容詞的同級比較。表示兩者一樣時，用asas，不及時，用 not soas, not asase.g. he is as tall as his elder sister.    i read lesson 2 a

10、s many times as lesson 1.    in winter it is not so cold in nanjing as in beijing.（2）形容詞比較級的單獨用法。    are you feeling better now?    be more careful.    eat less meat and more vegetable.    he has less money.（3）more and more 越

11、來越    after march, the weather is getting warmer and warmer.    now our country is getting stronger and stronger.the garden is becoming more and more beautiful.（4）the more the more 越是就越the more angry she became, the more they laughed at her.the harder you work, the bett

12、er you will do. 四. 課堂練習。（一）單選。1. canada is very large but russia is           than canada.    a. large     b. larger     c. largest      d. the largest2. the aral se

13、a continued to get         .    a. small     b. smaller    c. smallest    d. the smallest3. the amazon river goes         the country.    a.

14、 through    b. across    c. under     d. from4. they agreed to use           water for farming than before.    a. few      b. less     

15、 c. little       d. a little5. life in china today is         than it was in the past.    a. good      b. better      c. best      d. the be

16、st6. the service in this hotel is even          than it was in the past.    a. bad       b. worse       c. worst      d. the worst （二）時態(tài)填空。1. what did

17、 you do last night?     i        (surf) the internet.2. what are you doing this weekend?    i         (meet) some friends.3. he usually         (go) to bed

18、 at half past ten.4. she          (visit) her grandparents last summer.5. i          (travel) around the world when i have enough money.6. next sunday we          (h

19、ave) lunch in a restaurant. 【本講教育信息】一. 教學內(nèi)容：第三單元  第二部分    能描述過去常常發(fā)生的情況和所做的動作、會簡單使用不定代詞 二. 本周教學重點和難點：1.不定代詞的用法2. used to do 的用法3.重點詞組的學習 三. 具體內(nèi)容：（一）不定代詞的用法不是指明代替任何特定名詞的代詞叫做不定代詞。這些不定代詞大都可以代替名詞，且這些代詞都作單數(shù)看待，在句中做主語，賓語或表語。做主語時，句中的謂語動詞要用單數(shù)。做主語使用：someone wants to see you.做

20、賓語使用：i know nothing about it.做表語使用：money isnt everything.1. 由every構(gòu)成的everybody/everyone, everything都含有概括的意思，表示一切人或事物。e.g. everybody/everyone has a book. 每人（大家）都有一本書。2. someone/somebody, anyone/anybody 均表示某人，something, anything均表示某物，someone/somebody, something 一般用于肯定句，anybody/anyone, anything一般用于否定句或

21、疑問句。e.g. there is someone / somebody in the room.there isnt anybody/anyone in the room.is there anybody/anyone in the room?3. 和some一樣，somebody/someone, something有時也用于疑問句中，含有肯定的意思（表示請求，建議或反問）。e.g. why not ask somebody to help us?    is someone coming this morning?4. anybody/anyone, any

22、thing 也可以用來表示任何人，任何事e.g. you can do anything you want.5. 形容詞可以修飾不定代詞，但必須放在不定代詞的后面。e.g. i found nothing interesting in todays newspaper.注意：1.不定代詞做主語，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。2.有修飾語時，須放在不定代詞的后面。3. something, anything, nothing可用it代替，someone, somebody, everyone等做主語時可用he/she或they代替，做賓語時可用him/her或them代替。 （二）used to d

23、o     表示過去常常，表示現(xiàn)在已不這樣。    e.g. when i was in the countryside, i used to get up at five oclock.    we used to come here every year when i was a kid.    he didnt use to play football when he was young.=he usednt to play football when 

24、60;  did he use to play football when he was young?= used he to play football when?     be used to doing  “習慣于”，可用become和get代替。    e.g. im used to living in the north.he gets used to getting up early.    be used to do 表示被用做    e.g

25、. wood is used to make paper. （三）詞組學習1. not any more, no more, not any longer, no longer四者都有“不再”之意，not any more= no more, not any longer= no longer.e.g. im no more a little girl.= im not a little girl any more.she no longer lives here. = she doesnt live here any longer.2. complain to sb. about

26、/of sth.意為“抱怨，埋怨，發(fā)牢騷”。e.g. im going to complain to the manager about this.    all the people complain about the food there.3. agree to do sth. 同意做某事e.g. we agreed to leave.也可接表示提議，辦法，計劃，安排等詞，意為“同意”。e.g. i agree to this plan.4. be good for 對有好處e.g. too much sun isnt good for you. 

27、   eating more vegetables is good for your health.5. one of them the great pyramid is 137 meters high.英語中表示物體的長，寬，高，深的句式有：主語+be+數(shù)字+度量單位+long/wide/ high/ deep主語+be+數(shù)字+度量單位+in length/width/height/depthe.g. his brother is 6 feet tall.    the cave is 3 meters high/ in height, 4

28、meters long/ in length and 2 meters wide/ in width. 課堂練習一. 單選。1. do you have           to say?    a. something     b. anything      c. everything      

29、0; d. nothing2. theres           with his eyes. hes ok.    a. anything wrong     b. wrong something     c. nothing wrong    d. wrong nothing3. everything     &#

30、160;   ready. we can start now.    a. are       b. is       c. be        d. were4. the man is nearly 2 meters         .  

31、0; a. old       b. tall     c. long      d. high5. oct 15th was one of          days in 2005. i visited peking university.    a. exciting    

32、0; b. more exciting      c. the most exciting     d. much exciting6. hangzhou is famous         producing silk in china.    a. from       b. as    

33、60;  c. in        d. for7. one of her classmates        from egypt.    a. is from       b. are from      c. come from      d. coming from8. tokyo is       beautiful city. its         capital of        japa