英語時態(tài)_8種基本時態(tài)講解

1、英語時態(tài)：英語中表示不同時間發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，需用不同的動詞形式表示，這種不同的動詞形式稱為時態(tài)。二.種類：（基本時態(tài)）一般現(xiàn)在時一般過去時現(xiàn)在進行時過去進行時一般將來時現(xiàn)在完成時過去完成時三.用法：1. 一般現(xiàn)在時：1）一般現(xiàn)在時表示經(jīng)常發(fā)生或習慣性的動作或狀態(tài)及客觀現(xiàn)實和普遍真理。一般現(xiàn)在時常以動詞原形表示，但當主語是第三人稱單數(shù)時，動詞詞尾加-s或-es。2）句型結構：主語+V .（包括be動詞）+賓語+She is an engineer.He has breakfast at 6:00every day.3）注意： a）般現(xiàn)在時通常與 always , often , usua

2、lly , every day , sometimes , once a week等時間狀語連用。I always watch TV at 8:00 in the evening .They go home once a week .We usually do our homework at home .b）表客觀現(xiàn)實或普遍真理。The sun always rises in the east .The light travels faster than the sound .c）表永遠性的動作或狀態(tài)。He lives in the country .4）第三人稱單數(shù)變化形式。a） 一般情況動

3、詞在詞尾加 -s .come-comesspeak-speakswork-workslive-livesb）以o, s, x, ch, sh結尾的單詞在詞后加-es.do-doesgo-goesfinish-finishesbrush-brushesfix-fixespass-passeswatch-watchesc）以“輔音字母+ y”結尾的單詞變y為i加-es.Study-studiescarry-carries cry-criesd）以“元音字母+ y”結尾的單詞直接加 -s.play-playsstay-stays例句：我們每天晚上九點做作業(yè)。我在早上七點半起床。他每天七點去上班。我們

4、經(jīng)常下午打籃球。他喜歡音樂。地球圍繞太陽轉(zhuǎn)?；疖嚵c出發(fā)。2. 一般過去時1) 一般過去時表示發(fā)生在過去的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，通常與表示過去的時間狀語yesterday,last night ,some years ago, in 1990,in those days.等連用。I was a student 6years ago. I went to Beijing last year. They saw a film last night .2)句型結構：主語+V .過去時+賓語+例句：昨天他很忙。去年他抽煙了。兩年前他去參軍了。他在1990年去世了。4)動詞過去式變化規(guī)則。a)一般情況下的詞

5、加-ed.work-workedcallcalledlaugh-laughedExplain-explainedfinish-finishedknock-knockedb)以不發(fā)音的字母 e結尾的單詞直接加-d . livelivedchangechangedsmokesmokeddiediedgraduategraduateddrivedrovec)以“輔音字母+ y”結尾的單詞，變 y為i加-ed.study-studied carry-carried crycriedtry-triedmarry-marriedd)以“元音字母+ y”結尾的單詞直接加-ed.playplayed stay

6、-stayed-ed.e)以“一個元音字母+一個輔音字母”結尾的單詞應先雙寫這個輔音字母然后再加 stop-stoppedplan-plannedpat-pattedf)動詞不規(guī)則變化：do-didgowentcome-came runranwritewrotebegin-began drink-drank keep-kept leave-left sleep-sleptmake-madelie-laydig-dugeat-ateknow-knewcut-cutsetsetletletread-readhurt-hurt例句：我前天拿走了這本書。去年我買了一輛自行車。每天晚上我聽音樂。她通常待

7、在家里。兩天前我完成了這項工作。2) I (be) a teacher 2 years ago.3) He (be) a student now.4) He (do) his homework at home every day.5) They (join) the Party in 1998.6) We(eat) apples yesterday.7) We(play) basketball every day.8) He ( go ) home once a week.3. 一般將來時1)表示將來發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，常與表將來的時間狀語tomorrow, the day afterto

8、morrow, next Sunday, soon, in a few days等連用。2)句型結構：主語+ will/shall + V.原形+(第一人稱用 shall )I shall go to Shanghai tomorrow.They will have a meeting next week.She will be 20 years old.- -Will she be 20 years old? Yes, she will./ No, she won ' t .3)主語+ will/shall +丫.原形+一be(am, is, are)going toThey wil

9、l have a meeting next Sunday.(will=are going to )- -What will they do next Sunday ?- -When will they have a meeting?4. be about to + V.原形I am about to leave school.不能與表示時間的副詞連用。They are about to set out.(V)They are about to set out soon.( x)復習題：1 .He (do) his homework at school every day.2 .They (fi

10、nish) their work yesterday.3 .We (visit) their farm next year.4 .我半小時后要吃午飯。5 .他將騎自行車去學校。6 .他們下周日將去買汽車。4.現(xiàn)在進行時1)現(xiàn)在進行時表示現(xiàn)在或現(xiàn)在這段時間正在進行的動作。通常與 now, at present 等時間 狀語連用。2)基本結構：主語 +be(am, is, are)+ v- ing + You are listening to me carefully now.She is writing a letter this year.Look! They are dancing.We a

11、re studying English at present .It ' s raining hard now.3)動詞現(xiàn)在分詞的構成一般動詞直接在詞后加-ingdo - doing read - reading work- working think - thinkingstudy - studying go - going watch - watching jump - jumping以不發(fā)音的字母e結尾的動詞，應先去掉e然后加 -inglike liking take taking leave leaving live livingreceive receiving dance

12、dancing come coming smoke smoking write -writing以“一個元音字母+ 一個輔音字母”結尾的動詞，應先雙寫這個輔音字母然后再加-ingstop - stopping begin - beginning dig - diggingswim swimming run running sit sitting(注意：listen - listening open - opening eat - eating rain - raining sleep-sleeping)5.過去進行時1) 表示過去某一時刻或某階段時間正在進行的動作,通常與at 6:00 yes

13、terday, atthis/ that time yesterday, when引導的時間狀語等連用。2) 基本結構主語+be (was/were) +v- ing + 1.1 t was raining at 7:00 the day before yesterday.2 .They were building a reservoir at this time last winter.3 . We were readingwhen the teacher came in.3)例句1 .前天那個時候 Tom正在看電影。2 .上周日四點我們正在游泳。3 .師看見我們時我們正在玩撲克。4.I(d

14、o) my homework yesterday.5.He(do) his homework at 5:00 yesterday.6.He(do) his homework now.6.現(xiàn)在完成時1) 1.表示過去發(fā)生的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響2 .表示過去某時間已經(jīng)開始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)通常與下歹U時間狀語連用up to now, in the past, recently,by,for 5 years, since1994, so far, already, yet, ever, just2)基本結構主語+ have/has + P.P(動詞過去分詞)1.I ' ve fini

15、shed this work.2.He has ever been to Australia.3.I have not heard from her recently.4.I have already read this book.3)過去分詞的構成(規(guī)則變化同過去式的構成)不規(guī)則變化如下do did done go went gone eat ate eaten come came come Have had had write wrote written be was/were been see saw seen hear heard heard swim swam swum drink

16、drank drunk give gave given forget forgot forgotten take took taken keep kept kept sleep slept slept teach taught taught buy bought bought tell told told make made made cut cut cut hurt hurt hurt read read read let let let4)注意1 .含有終止意義或暫短意義的動詞不能與for, since引導的一般時間狀語連用。(buy, begin, die, come, go , joi

17、n, leave等)A) I have bought a book.I have bought a book for 3 day. (wrong)I have had a book for 3 years.B) He have joined the army for 3 years. (wrong)He has been in the army for 3 years.He joined the army 3 years ago.C) He has been dead for 3 years.He died 2 years ago.It is 2 years since he died.He

18、has died for 2 years. (wrong)D) He has gone to Australia.He has been to Australia.2 .現(xiàn)在完成時與一般過去時的區(qū)別(時間狀語的區(qū)別)I(hear) form her recently / yesterday.3 .例句：他已經(jīng)閱讀了這本書。我們到目前為止已學習了兩千個單詞。他們居住在中國三年了。他看這部電影兩次了。Bob自從1997年在這所學校教學。7 .過去完成時1)表示動作發(fā)生在過去某一時間之前已經(jīng)完成的動作或狀態(tài)，強調(diào)“過去的過去”，常與by the time, by the end of ,before

19、 , by 等引導時間的狀語連用。2)基本結構 主語+ had + 動詞過去分詞 +When I got to the cinema yesterday the film had begun already.昨天當我到達電影院時電影已經(jīng)開始了。He had learned English before he came here.他來這兒之前已經(jīng)學會英語了。He had aught this class for 3 years by the time I left the school.當我離開這個學校為止他已教這個班級三年了。By the end of last term I had learned 2000 Englis