英語六級長篇閱讀練習題及答案

1、英語六級長篇閱讀練習題及答案GeneticallyModifiedFoods-FeedtheWorld?A Ifyouwanttosparkaheateddebateatadinnerparty,bringupthetopicaboutgeneticallymodifiedfoods.Formanypeople,theconceptofgeneticallyaltered,high-techcropproductionraisesallkindsofenvironmental,health,safetyandethicalquestions.Particularlyincountrieswit

2、hlongagrariantraditions-andvocalgreenlobbies-theideaseemsagainstnature.B Infact,geneticallymodifiedfoodsarealreadyverymuchapartofourlives.AthirdofthecornandmorethanhalfthesoybeansandcottongrownintheU.S.lastyearweretheproductofbiotechnology,accordingtotheDepartmentofAgriculture.Morethan65millionacres

3、ofgeneticallymodifiedcropswillbeplantedintheU.S.thisyear.Thegeneticisoutofthebottle.ECYetthereareclearlysomeveryrealissuesthatneedtoberesolved.Likeanynewproductenteringthefoodchain,geneticallymodifiedfoodsmustbesubjectedtorigoroustesting.Inwealthycountries,thedebateaboutbiotechistemperedbythefacttha

4、twehavearicharrayoffoodstochoosefrom-andasupplythatfarexceedsourneeds.Indevelopingcountriesdesperatetofeedfast-growingandunderfedpopulations;theissueissimplerandmuchmoreurgent：Dothebenefitsofbiotechoutweightherisks?EDThestatisticsonpopulationgrowthandhungeraredisturbing.Lastyeartheworld'spopulat

5、ionreached6billion.Andby2050,theUNestimates,itwillbeprobablynear9billion.Almostallthatgrowthwilloccurindevelopingcountries.Atthesametime,theworld*savailablecultivablelandperpersonisdeclining.Arablelandhasdeclinedsteadilysince1960andwilldecreasebyhalfoverthenext50years,accordingtotheInternationalServ

6、icefortheAcquisitionofAgri-BiotechApplicationsIS英語六級長篇閱讀練習題.Howcanbiotechhelp?E Biotechnologistshavedevelopedgeneticallymodifiedricethatisfortifiedwithbeta-carotene胡蘿卜素-whichthebodyconvertsintovitaminA-andadditionaliron,andtheyareworkingonotherkindsofnutritionallyimprovedcrops.Biotechcanalsoimprovef

7、armingproductivityinplaceswherefoodshortagesarecausedbycropdamageattributiontopests,drought,poorsoilandcropviruses,bacteriaorfungi真菌.F Damagecausedbypestsisincredible.TheEuropeancornborer,forexample,destroys40milliontonsofthe-world*scorncropsannually,about7%ofthetotal.Incorporatingpest-resistantgene

8、sintoseedscanhelprestorethebalance.Intrialsofpest-resistantcottoninAfrica,yieldshaveincreasedsignificantly.Sofar,fearsthatgeneticallymodified,pestresistantcropsmightkillgoodinsectsaswellasbadappearunfounded.G Virusesoftencausemassivefailureinstaplecropsindevelopingcountries.Twoyearsago,Africalostmor

9、ethanhalfitscassava樹著crop-akeysourceofcalories-tothemosaicvirus花葉病毒.Geneticallymodified,virus-resistantcropscanreducethatdamage,ascandrought-tolerantseedsinregionswherewatershortageslimittheamountoflandundercultivation.Biotechcanalsohelpsolvetheproblemofsoilthatcontainsexcessaluminum,whichcandamager

10、ootsandcausemanystaple-cropfailures.Agenethathelpsneutralizealuminumtoxicity毒'性.inricehasbeenidentified.Manyscientistsbelievebiotechcouldraiseoverallcropproductivityindevelopingcountriesasmuchas25%andhelppreventthelossofthosecropsaftertheyareharvested.HYetforallthatpromise,biotechisfarfrombeingt

11、hewholeanswer.Indevelopingcountries,lostcropsareonlyonecauseofhunger.Povertyplaysthelargestrole.Todaymorethan1billionpeoplearoundtheglobeliveonlessthan1dollaraday.Makinggeneticallymodifiedcropsavailablewillnotreducehungeriffarmerscannotaffordtogrowthemorifthelocalpopulationcannotaffordtobuythefoodth

12、osefarmersproduce.I Biotechhasitsown“distribution“problems.Private-sectorbiotechcompaniesintherichcountriescarryoutmuchoftheleading-edgeresearchongeneticallymodifiedcrops.Theirproductsareoftentoocostlyforpoorfarmersinthedevelopingworld,andmanyofthoseproductswon'tevenreachtheregionswheretheyaremo

13、stneeded.Biotechfirmshaveastrongfinancialincentivetotargetrichmarketsfirstinordertohelpthemrapidlyrecoupthehighcostsofproductdevelopment.Butsomeofthesecompaniesarerespondingtoneedsofpoorcountries.J Moreandmorebiotechresearchisbeingcarriedoutindevelopingcountries.Buttoincreasetheimpactofgeneticresear

14、chonthefoodproductionofthosecountries,thereisaneedforbettercollaborationbetweengovernmentagencies-bothlocalandindevelopedcountries-andprivatebiotechfirms.TheIS英語六級長篇閱讀練習題，forexample,issuccessfullypartneringwiththeU.S.AgencyforInternationalDevelopment,localresearchesandprivatebiotechcompaniestofindan

15、ddeliverbiotechsolutionsforfarmersindevelopingcountries.Will"Franken-foods'feedtheworld?KjBiotechisnotapanacea治白病的藥，butitdoespromisetotransformagricultureinmanydevelopingcountries.Ifthatpromiseisnotfulfilled,therealloserswillbetheirpeople,whocouldsufferforyearstocome.ELTheworldseemsincreasi

16、nglytohavebeendividedintothosewhofavorgeneticallymodifiedfoodsandthosewhofearthem.Advocatesassertthatgrowinggeneticallyalteredcropscanbekindertotheenvironmentandthateatingfoodsfromthoseplantsisperfectlysafe.And,theysay,geneticengineeringwhichcaninduceplantstogrowinpoorsoilsortoproducemorenutritiousf

17、oods-willsoonbecomeanessentialtoolforhelpingtofeedtheworld'sburgeoning迅速發(fā)展的population.Skepticscontendthatgeneticallymodifiedcropscouldposeuniqueriskstotheenvironmentandtohealth-riskstootroublingtoacceptplacidly.Takingthatview,manyEuropeancountriesarerestrictingthecultivationandimportationofgenet

18、icallymodifiedagriculturalproducts.Muchofthedebateareconcernedaboutofsafety.Butwhatexactlydoesrecentscientificresearchsayaboutthehazards?M TwoyearsagoinEdinburgh,Scotland,eco-vandalsstormedafield,crushingcanolaplants.LastyearinMaine,midnightraidershackeddownmorethan3,000experimentalpoplartrees.Andin

19、SanDiego,protesterssmashedsorghumandsprayedpaintovergreenhousewalls.Thisfar-flungoutragetookaimatgeneticallymodifiedcrops.Buttheprotestsbackfired:allthedestroyedplantswereconventionallybred.Ineachcase,activistsmistookordinaryplantsforgeneticallymodifiedvarieties.N It'seasytounderstandwhy.Inaway,

20、geneticallymodifiedcrops-nowonsome109millionacresoffarmlandworldwide-areinvisible.Youcan'tsee,tasteortouchageneinsertedintoaplantorsenseitseffectsontheenvironment.Youcan'ttell,justbylooking,whetherpollencontainingaforeigngenecanpoisonbutterfliesorfertilizeplantsmilesaway.Thatinvisibilityispr

21、eciselywhatworriespeople.How,exactly,willgeneticallymodifiedcropsaffecttheenvironment-andwhenwillwenotice?O Advocatesofgeneticallymodifiedortransgeniccropssaytheplantswillbenefittheenvironmentbyrequiringfewertoxicpesticidesthanconventionalcrops.Butcriticsfearthepotentialrisksandwonderhowbigthebenefi

22、tsreallyare."Wehavesomanyquestionsabouttheseplants,“remarksGuentherStotzky,asoftmicrobiologistatNewYorkUniversity.“There'salotwedon'tknowandneedtofindout."Asgeneticallymodifiedcropsmultiplyinthelandscape,unprecedentednumbersofresearchershavestartedfanningintothefieldstogetthemissin

23、ginformation.Someoftheirrecentfindingsarereassuring;otherssuggestaneedforvigilance.46. AccordingtotheUN'sprediction,thepopulationgrowthfromnowto2050isnearlyallindevelopingcountries.47. Thosepeopleandcountriesrestrictingandopposedtoplantingandimportingofgeneticallymodified$plantsworryabouttheirsa

24、fety.48. Theboostersofgeneticallymodifiedcropsarguethatthesealteredplantsneedfewertoxicpesticides.49. ThemosaicvirusledtothelossofmorethanhalfofAfricanmainfoodtwoyearsago.50. Geneticallymodifiedcropscanhelptoimprovenutrientcontentsandfarmingproductivity.51. Themostimportantfactorthatleadstohungerind

25、evelopingcountriesispoverty,notcropslost.52. Thefar-flungoutragedestroysfieldsandplantsbecausetheymisidentifiedordinaryplantsforgeneticallymodifiedvarieties.53. Thedebateongeneticallymodifiedfoodsismoreheatedindevelopingcountrieswithfast-growingandhalf-starvedpopulations.54. OnethirdofcornplantedinA

26、mericawasgeneticallymodifiedcornlastyear.55. Majorityofpeoplebelievegeneticallymodifiedcropcausesenvironmentalproblems.56. AccordingtotheUN'sprediction,thepopulationgrowthfromnowto2050isnearlyallindevelopingcountries譯文根據(jù)聯(lián)合國的預測，從現(xiàn)在到2050年的人口增長幾乎都集中在發(fā)展中家。定位關(guān)鍵詞UN,2050,indevelopingcountries定位到原文劃線句。5

27、7. Thosepeopleandcountriesrestrictingandopposedtoplantingandimportingofgeneticallymodifiedplantsworryabouttheirsafety.譯文對轉(zhuǎn)基因農(nóng)作物產(chǎn)品的種植和進口持限制與反對態(tài)度的人們和國家所擔心的足其安全問題。定位由關(guān)鍵詞restricting,safety定位到原文劃線句。58. Theboostersofgeneticallymodifiedcropsarguethatthesealteredplantsneedfewertoxicpesticides.譯文轉(zhuǎn)基因作物支持者辯稱轉(zhuǎn)基因作物需要更少的有毒殺蟲劑。定位由關(guān)健司fewertoxicpesticides定位到原文劃線句。59. ThemosaicvirusledtothelossofmorethanhalfofAfricanmainfoodtwoyearsago.譯文兩年前，花葉病毒導致非洲的主要食物損失了一半以上。定位由關(guān)鍵詞Themosaicvirus,half,African定位到原文劃線句。60. Geneticallymodifiedcropscanhelptoimprovenutrientcontentsandfarmingproductiv