2017-2018學(xué)年高中英語專題Unit5Firstaid3GrammarWriti

1、Un it 5 First aid5.3 Grammar & WritingGrammar:省略為了避免重復(fù)或為了使句子更簡練，在一些句子中常常省去某一個或某幾個成分，這種語 法現(xiàn)象在英語中叫省略。省略是避免重復(fù)、突出新信息并使上下文緊密連接的一種語法手段。運用修辭手段的目的 之一就是節(jié)約用詞、避免重復(fù)。一般說來，只要不會損害結(jié)構(gòu)或引起歧義，能省略的地方就 應(yīng)省略。省略的結(jié)果，不但使句子結(jié)構(gòu)顯得緊湊，而且句子中幾個關(guān)鍵詞的意義也更突顯出 來。一、 介詞的省略1 在英語中一些與動詞、名詞、形容詞搭配的介詞常被省略，而只保留后面的動名詞。spe nd time/m on ey(i n)do ing

2、 sth.have difficulty/trouble(i n)do ing sth.preve nt/stop sb.(from)do ing sth.? We spends half an hour(in)doing some reading every day.我們每天花半小時讀書。? He has some trouble(in)learning English.他學(xué)英語有困難。? What prevented you(from)going there?什么事阻止了你去那里？2.表示時間的介詞at, on 禾口 in 用在 next , last , this , each, the

3、se ,yesterdaytomorrow 等詞之前，一般可省略。? We have a final exam(in)every term.每學(xué)期我們都舉行一次期末考試。二、 使用 so, not 等的省略英語中，當(dāng)句中有 think , believe , hope, expect , suppose, guess, afraid 以使用 so , not 或其他手段來省略上文或問句中的一部分或整個句子。? Do you thi nk our team will wi n?你認(rèn)為我們隊會贏嗎？,every ,等詞時可-2 -I thi nk so.我認(rèn)為是這樣。It is said that

4、 tomorrow is a fine day.I hope so.我希望是真的。三、簡單句的省略1 感嘆句的省略。目的是突出感嘆的部分。? What a beautiful girl（she is）!（她是）多么漂亮的女孩呀！2 疑問句的答語省略。為避免重復(fù)而省略疑問句的答語，這也是常見的一種句式省略。? Are you a stude nt?你是一名學(xué)生嗎？Yes, I am（a student） .是的，我是（一名學(xué)生）。3. There be 句型的省略。? （Is there）Anything wrong?發(fā)生了什么事嗎？4. 名詞所有格修飾的名詞若表示店鋪、住宅、教堂或上下文已暗示

5、或明確指出過的事物時可 省略名詞。? I go to the supermarket in stead of the butchers（shop）to buy meat.我去超市而不是去肉鋪買肉。5. 主語的省略在祈使句和其他不容易引起歧義的情況下，特別是在口語中，主語常常省略。常見的為祈 使句中的 you和 I，疑問句中的主語。? Beg your pardon.（我）請你原諒。（beg 前省略了主語 I）? Take care! 保重！ （take 前省略了主語 you）? Looks as if it will rain.看起來象要下雨。（looks 前省略了主語 it）6. 謂語的省略

6、有些結(jié)構(gòu)中為了避免與前面的謂語動詞重復(fù)，常省略后面的謂語或謂語的一部分。? Well do the best we can.我們將盡力而為。（can 后面省略了動詞 do）7. 表語的省略在有些句子中，為了避免與前面的表語重復(fù)，常省略后面的表語。? He was a lover of sports as he had been in his youth.據(jù)說明天天氣很好。-3 -他還是像年輕時那樣，是一位運動愛好者。（had been 后面省略了 a lover of sports）&賓語的省略當(dāng)同一主語的并列謂語不同時發(fā)生時，省略最后一個賓語以外的所有賓語。有些雙賓語 動詞如 ask ,ow

7、e, pay, teach , tell , show 等的直接或間接賓語都可以省略掉一個。Lets do the dishes .1 ll wash and youll dry.讓我們洗碗吧，我來洗，你來揩干。(wash 和 dry 后面省略了賓語 dishes)四、 比較結(jié)構(gòu)的省略在the +比較級，the +比較級”結(jié)構(gòu)中和由 than 和 as 引導(dǎo)的比較句式中，常會有一 些成分在上下文清楚的情況下被省略。? The sooner(you do it) , the better(it will be).(你做得)越快，(結(jié)果就會)越好。? He is cleverer than any

8、 other boy(is).他比其他男孩聰明。? The higher(you stand), the farther(you can see).站得高，看得遠(yuǎn)。五、 并列句中的省略在由 and 或 but 連接的并列句中，常省略一些重復(fù)的詞或詞組。? I am a teacher and my husband(is)a doctor.我是個老師，我丈夫是個醫(yī)生。? The news made me angry , but(the news made)her happy.這條消息使我生氣，但去卩讓她高興。六、 主從復(fù)合句中的省略1.賓語從句中，連詞 that 常省略，但當(dāng)有多個并列賓語從句時

9、，只能省略第一個that。? I kno w(that)he is an actor and that he is a sin ger.我知道他是一名演員，也是一位歌唱家。2.表示條件、時間、地點、方式或讓步等的狀語從句的謂語含有be 動詞，且從句的主語又 和主句中的主語一致，或者主語是 it 時，常把從句中的主語連同be 動詞一起省略。? If(it is)necessary , Ill go with you.如果有必要的話，我和你一起去。? Be careful when(you are)crossing the street.過馬路時要當(dāng)心。3.賓語從句中的省略。若引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系代

10、詞在從句中作賓語，該關(guān)系代詞一般可省略；-4 -引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞作主語時和后面的be 動詞同時省略。? The question(that/which)the teacher asked was very difficult.老師問的問題很難。? The boy(who is)standing by the door is my little brother.站在門那兒的男孩是我弟弟。? The building(which/that is)being built is our library.-5 -正在建的樓是我們的實驗室。七、 動詞不定式的省略1.在動詞不定式結(jié)構(gòu)中，為了避免重復(fù)，

11、常常省略不定式結(jié)構(gòu)中的動詞原形，只保留to。但不定式中的 have和 be 不能省略。? Would you like to go with us?你愿意和我們一起去嗎？Im glad to ， but I have to finish my homework.我很樂意去，但是我得完成作業(yè)。? She has succeeded in the finalexam in ati on but in fact ， she ought tohave（succeeded in the final exam in ati on）她在期末考試中取得了成功，而實際上，她本就該獲得成功。? He is a w

12、riter now as he used to be.他像從前一樣還是一位作家。2.在 used to , ought to , have to , would like/love to , wish to , be going to 等結(jié)構(gòu) 中，常常省略 to后面的動詞原形。? Ill hand it in if I have to.如果必須要交的話，我會交上的。3.感官動詞和使役動詞的后面作賓補的不定式要省略to ;但此類動詞的被動語態(tài)中的to 不可省略。? I saw him enter the classroom just now.=He was see n to en ter the

13、 classroom just now.我剛才看見他走進了教室。4.介詞 but ,except（除了）前有實義動詞 do 的具體形式時，后面的不定式不帶to。? All he could do was nothing but wait and see.他所能做的只有等著瞧。八、 虛擬語氣中的省略1.虛擬條件句常省略 if，而將 were, had, should 提前，構(gòu)成部分倒裝。-6 -? Had you come here yesterday , you would have met him.=If you had come here yesterday , you would hav

14、e met him.女口果你昨天來這兒的話，你就會見到他了。2.動詞 advise , suggest（建議）,propose , dema nd, in sist（ 堅持要求）,require , comma ndrecommend, order等后的賓語從句及 It is.that.主語從句中常省略表虛擬語氣的should。-7 -clothes.5.（2015 北京）If_for the job, you ll be in formed soon.A .to acceptB. acceptC. accept ingD. accepted6.（2014 福建 ） no modern tel

15、ecommunications, we would have to wait for weeks to get n ews fromaround the world.B. Had there bee nWe in sisted that he（should）go withus.我們堅持要求他和我們一起走。? It is necessary that a child（should）learn more words by heart.記一些單詞/字。孩子有必要多It is suggested that we （should） go to see the film.有人建議我們?nèi)タ催@部電影。K直題1

16、. （ 2017?江蘇）_not for the support of the teachers, the student could notovercome her difficulty.A. It wereB. Were itC. It wasD.Was it2.（deaths_since theirhighestinA. had not falle nB. would not fall3.go.4.C. did not fallD. would not have falle n（2016 浙江）一 The movie starts at 8:30,and we can have a qu

17、ick bite before we.See you at 8:10A. So longC. Good luck（2015 江蘇）It is so cold thatB. Sounds greatD. Have a good timeyou can t go outsidefully covered in thickA. ifB. uniessC. onceD. whenA. Were there-8 -9 -C .If there areD. If there have bee n7. （2013 新課標(biāo)全國卷I）The driver wan ted to park his car n ea

18、r the roadside but wasasked by the police _A. not to doB. nottoC. not doD. do not1.單項填空1What s the matter with Della?Well , her parents wouldn t allow her to go to the party , but she still _A.hopes toB. hopes soC.hopes notD. hopes for2.Some of you may have fini shed Un it one._ , you can go on to U

19、nit two.A.If you mayB. If you doC. If notD. If so3. Have you got any particular pla ns for the coming holiday?Yes._, I m going to visit some homes for the old in the city.A. If everB. IfbusyC. If anythingD. If possible4. The house I grew uphas been takendow n and replacedby an officebuilding.A. in i

20、t Bin Cin that D.in which-10 -5. Will the Smiths leave for Australia this spri ng?No, they fin ally decided_ .A. not to leaveB. not leavingC. not toD. not to be leaving6._He decided not to say any thi ng atthe meet ing uni ess_.A. asking to B . to ask to C . asked to D . ask to7. Have you watered th

21、e flowers?-11 -No, but_A . I amB . I m going- 12 -CI m just going toD I will go8_ he come tomorrow ， I would let you know.AWouldB Should CShallD If9 Did you have a good time in Thailand last week? _.It was too hot.ANot reallyB Yeah，why notCOh， greatDYoure right10 I listen to English every day over t

22、he radio._ interesting.ASoundsB Sounding C It is sounded DSound11 Do you think we will have a long holiday next month?AI believe notB I believe not soC I don t believe itDI don t believe12 One of the sides of the board should be painted yellow， and _A the other is whiteB another whiteC the other whi

23、teD another is white13 If the food tastes nice，well buy some ； if _Ano；noBnot ； notC not ； noDno；not14 Who should be responsible for the accident?The boss ， not the workers.They just carried out the order _.Aas toldBas are told Cas telling Das they told15 My mother is preparing my favorite dishes.Go

24、 with me and have a taste， okay? _.And I ll be gladto meet your parents.AI think so BI d love toC I m sureD I hope son.句型轉(zhuǎn)換（使用省略來改寫句子）1She works hard.It is no wonder that she passed the exam.She works hard._ _ _ _ _ _.2They haven t comple ted the project，but they ought to have completed it.-13 -They

25、 haven t completed the project , _3.It is well done.4.Errors , if there are any , should be corrected.Errors ,_ , should be corrected.5.If we had gone to the party, we would have known the fact._ , we would have known thefact.川.單句改錯1. In our class boys like sports, while girls do no t like.2. If is

26、possible, discuss what kind of first aid you should give in these situations.3. Uni ess in vit ing to speak, you should rema in sile nt at the conference.4. Will you go with me?Well, I d like.5. Are you a farmer?No, but I used to.6. He could do nothing but to wait and see.7. Can you put it off?I am

27、afraid not so.8. What has made him upset recen tly?Left alone to face a troublesome milk case.IV .用省略句完成句子1. _ （ 必要時）,you can send me an e-mail.2. _ （ 不管是真是假 ）,the story is interesting.3. He gave_ （和從前一樣的回答）.4. _ （ 為什么不 ）go and help him at once?5. Aren t you the manager?No, and I_ （ 不想當(dāng)）.6. The pati

28、e nt feels better tha n yesterday.-14 -I know_ （ 他好多了）.7. He opened his mouth_ （好像要說話 ）.8. He may not stay at home._（女口果那樣的話 ）,leave him a message.9. I II try my best to read more books_ （女口果可能的話 ）.10. Will you join us in the discussi on?_（非常高興）.參爵合案K 真題1.B【解析】考查虛擬語氣和倒裝。虛擬語氣中，be 動詞統(tǒng)一用 were ;虛擬語氣的省略形

29、式主要是把 if 省略，同時把 were/should/had 提前，即 Were /Should/ Had I. ，故選 B。句意：要不是老師們的支持，該生是無法克服她自己的困難的。2. D【解析】句意，如果政府和科學(xué)家不共同努力，艾遍病相關(guān)的死亡就不會從 2005 年的最高點F 釀使 用虛擬語氣，if 條件句用的 had 摘且而且省略迅 將血 1 提前主句用 would ha 佃 don表示對過去 情況的虛故選 IX3- B 【解析】 句意： ”電影在八點半開皓， 我們走之前可以迅速吃點東西。 ” ”聽起來很棒。 8 點 10 分見 J soundgica.1 實際上罡省略句，完整的句子是

30、 The idea sounds great 和上文提出的建儀吻合。故選 B*4. B【解析】句意：外面太冷了，你不要出去，除非用厚衣服完全裹起來。unless fully covered為連詞+省略結(jié)構(gòu)，補充完整為unless you are 。故選 B。5. D【解析】句意：如果錄用你了，我們將很快通知你。本句條件狀語從句中省略了主語you,與 accept 構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系，用過去分詞accepted。故選6. A【解析】對現(xiàn)在情況的虛擬，條件句中用一般過去時，主句用would/ should/ might/could +動詞原形。虛擬條件句中有 had, should, were 時，可以

31、將 if 去掉，然后把 had,should, were 提到主語前面。所以選A。句意：如果沒有現(xiàn)代的通信，我們將會等上幾周的時間才能得到來自世界的新聞。-15 -7. B【解析】本題考查動詞不定式的省略。根據(jù)句意可知，警察要求司機不要把車停在路邊。要求某人做某事”用 ask sb to do sth ;被要求做某事”用be asked to do sth。but 后的完整表達(dá)應(yīng)該是：The driver wasasked by the police not to park his car nearthe roadside.為避免重復(fù)，題干中的空缺處是一個省略了的動詞不定式。故選 B。句意：-

32、16 -hope 后應(yīng)接 to go to theparty。但為了避免重復(fù)， 常省去不定式動詞，僅留下符號to 來代替不定式。2. D句意為：你們當(dāng)中可能有些人已經(jīng)結(jié)束了第一單元。如果這樣的話，可以開始第二單元。so 代替前句意思的肯定情況，而not 代替前面意思的否定情況。3 Difpoble 意為啣果可能的話 J 答句句意知 是的，表示如果可能的話我將去拜訪一些城市里的敬老院。if ever 如果曾經(jīng)有的話 B分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知 hou后面有一個限制性定語從句；而且走語從句的弓導(dǎo)詞已經(jīng)省略，那么該引導(dǎo)詞一定在定語從句中作賓語，所以此空中要填介詞込且其后不能再有賓語。5X考查動詞不主式的省略

33、。為了避免重復(fù)，動詞不定式矩語省略到 10.故選 C,6.C考查動詞不定式的省略。句意為：他決定在會上什么也不說，除非被請求。uni essasked to 相當(dāng)于uni ess he was asked to say someth ing。7.C句意為：-你澆花了嗎？- 沒有，不過我正打算澆。I m just going to.相當(dāng)于 I m just going towater the flowers。8.B此處是對將來情況的假設(shè)。虛擬條件句的謂語部分有should， had 或 were 時，可把 if 省去，而把should， had 或 were 放在從句的主語之前，構(gòu)成主謂部分倒裝

34、。9.A由it was too hot ”可知 A 項正確。該對話的答語是省略形式，完整形式為：Ididn t really have a goodtime in Thailand last week。10.A將答語補充完整為：It sou nds in terest in g.其中 sou nd 是系動詞，意思是聽起來.，無被動語態(tài)。11.A 句意為：-你認(rèn)為下個月我們會有一個長假期嗎？-我認(rèn)為不會。I believe not.=I don t believeso.(Idon t believe we will have a long holidaynextmon th.)司機想把車停在路邊

35、，但警察要求他不要這樣做。Della 很希望去參加這次聚會。所以-17 -12. C因為綿 E 子帝兩面，所以應(yīng)用 the otfaer j whi 憂前省去了 should be paintedo13. B第一個空用 not, if not 表示垓口果不亠在此相當(dāng)于 if 征應(yīng)站 taste nig；第二個空也用 nob 相當(dāng)于 祇時 oiTibuya14. A as told=as they wretold,此處是 as 引導(dǎo)的方式狀語從句的省略。當(dāng)從句主語與主句主語一致，且謂語動詞含有 be 詠 將從句的王語和 be 省略.15. B考查口語中省略形式的含義。句意為一一我媽媽在準(zhǔn)備我最愛

36、吃的菜。和我一起去我愿意去。我也很想見見你的父母。I think so 意為我認(rèn)為是意為“我希望是這樣”。n.句型轉(zhuǎn)換（使用省略來改寫句子）川.單句改錯IV .用省略句完成句子7. as if to say someth ing 8. If so 9. if possible 10. IWriti ng :如何寫指導(dǎo)性說明文*寫1E指南說明文是以說明為主要表達(dá)方式，對事物的狀態(tài)、性質(zhì)、功能等進行介紹，或是闡明事 理，給人提供知識的一種文體。知識性、科學(xué)性是說明文的主要特點。指導(dǎo)性說明文屬于說 明事理類文體，它旨在為讀者提供未知的知識和原理，使讀者閱讀后對文章所寫事物有所了 解，或掌握解決問題的

37、方法，是一種實用性很強的文體。要寫好這類文章，需注意以下幾點:嘗嘗，好嗎?這樣”；I d love to意為“我愿意去”；m sure 意為 “我確信”；I hope so1.No ; wonder;she;passedthe ； exam2.but;they ; ought ; to ; have3.Well ; done4.ifany5.Had;we; gone; to ; the ; party1.去掉第二個like2.去掉 is （或在 is 前加it)3.i nviting改為 in vited4.like 后加 to5.to后加 be6.去掉 to7.去掉 so8 丄eft改為 B

38、eing left1. Whe nn ecessary2.Whether true or false3.the same answer as before4. Why not5. dont want to be6. he doesll be glad to-18 -1 時態(tài)：說明文的時態(tài)常用一般現(xiàn)在時。2語言：語言要準(zhǔn)確、簡潔、周密。語言風(fēng)格可以生動活潑，也可以平實簡明，但必須 以準(zhǔn)確為前提。3 結(jié)構(gòu)：先對需要說明的對象作總的概括介紹，然后導(dǎo)入具體的說明，也就是在文章開 頭提出需要說明的事物或觀點，然后加以列舉說明，使文章表達(dá)清晰、條理清楚、層次分明。介 紹時首先我們要保證自己所介紹的方法是正

39、確的，是科學(xué)的。沒有知識性錯誤，也不能有邏輯上的矛盾。不清楚的地方要核查，不可想當(dāng)然。4 .為了保證句子簡練可以多用祈使句(如 Do.或 Do nt.)或表示建議的句型(We/Youshould/had better.等)當(dāng)涉及對讀者不利或使讀者感到不快的事情時，也可用虛擬語氣，使語氣緩和，以顯婉轉(zhuǎn)。讐骼閨句或1.下列這些表達(dá)可以使你的說明更有條理：1First , second , third , at last.2First , n ext , the n , fin ally.3Firstly/First of all/To begi n with.Sec on dly.Besides,

40、 In additi on .Lastbut not least.2.下列句子可幫你用于寫急救說明文1We should check whether she/he is con scious or not.2We should cheek whether the pers on can breathe or not.3Use the mouth-to-mouth method within five minu tes.4Dont move him/her; leave him/her where he/she is.5Lay the patie nt dow n on a coat or sl

41、eep ing bag if possible.6Raise his/her feet higher tha n his/her head and take his/ her pulse.7Cover the wound with a ban dage or a piece of dry clea n cloth.8Wash the wound with cold running water.3.結(jié)尾常用表達(dá)：1We can draw the con clusi on that.2In short/ In brief/I n a word.3It seems clear that.-19 -4We can kno w/lear n that.請根據(jù)以下提示寫一篇120150 詞的短文，簡要介紹一下對遇到心臟病等疾病突發(fā)(seizure)病人應(yīng)該采取什么樣的措施。題目：First Aid for Seizures【寫作要點】急救過程的注意事項：1 把附近的危險物體移開以免病人受到傷害